Biangibudiburg

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Biangibudiburg was a property that is mentioned for the first time in a document dated November 2, 1004 by Heinrich II for the Kemnade monastery .

At the request of the sisters Imma and Frederuna (Billung), King Heinrich took the monastery under the patronage of the empire, into whose possession the monastery would pass after the death of the donors. According to the list of monastery property in the diploma, the praedium (estate) Biangibudiburg was in Bardengau in the county of Duke Bernhard Billung , son of Hermann Billungs .

Biangibudiburg appears in a second document from Henry II of March 26, 1017. The monastery property is listed again. Empress Kunigunde appears here as a further advocate alongside Dietrich von Minden .

In two other documents dated February 8, 1025 and September 3, 1039 from Conrad II and Heinrich III. "Courtyards namely and houses including (curtes scilicet ac villas infra nominatas) : ..., Biangibudiburg, ..." are placed under the protection of the emperor as part of the property of Frederuna and Imma. Further documents, in which “Biangibudiburg” is recorded, have not yet become known.

Localization

It is unknown where Biangibudiburg was exactly, whether and which castle complex could have been connected with it. Local research in Bienenbüttel (near Lüneburg ) assumes that Biangibudiburg is the oldest known form of name for Bienenbüttel. Since place names with -büttel rather refer to outsourced smaller settlements and a change from -burg to -büttel would be unusual, others assume an identity with Buntenburg (formerly between Lüneburg and Bardowick, now to Lüneburg) or Bunkenburg (near Celle).

In the first document from Heinrich II., In addition to the actual place names, the associated district is also named. It is noticeable that the districts are enumerated in a south-north direction, starting with Tilithi , the seat of Kemnades , and within the districts, the localities are enumerated from north to south. If this method has a system, Biangibudiburg is likely to have been located in the center of the Bardengau .

In fact, it is still controversial in the local research of Bienenbüttel whether Biangibudiburg meant today's Bienenbüttel, or whether it was the so-called “Wichmann villages” with the center of today's Wichmannsburg . At that time, Wichmannsburg was proven to be fortified with a castle and, as the administrative center of Wichmann's property, was less than two kilometers away.

Naming theory

There is evidence that Otto I. was involved in a dispute with Wichmann, as shown in more detail below, which ended with Wichmann's ostracism. If Wichmann was given a taboo as the namesake, Biangibudiburg could be an artificial word to name a very specific area. For a literal translation from Old Saxon, Biangibudiburg has several meanings:

Bias residential castle

derived from: Bia-n-gibu-d-li-burg = -Bia- as namesake, -n- as property indicator, -gibudli- (also budli, butil, butli) for apartment, house, yard, but also ... büttel as a place name element and castle for castle, place, town

Place where Bia commands

(derived from Bia-n-gibudi-burg = Bia and -n- as usual, -gibudi- as 3rd person Sg. from gi-biod-an (command, areas) and -burg)

and could thus (*, † May 25 before 932 to 895) from the family of Bia of Ringelsheim (of Engern) immedinger be due, presumably with Wichmann I. (Wichmann called the Elder) from the family of Bill Unger was married . She was a sister of Mathilde , the wife of Heinrich I and mother of Otto I. With Wichmann the Elder, Bia had the sons Wichmann II (the younger) and Ekbert (the one-eyed) and probably three daughters.

Hermann Billung was a younger brother of Wichmann the Elder; a brother-in-law bias. After the death of Heinrich I, Otto I became king in 936 and appointed Hermann Billung as military leader in Saxony. In was Wichmann Billung (the Elder) angry, who had even hoped for this post. Wichmann the Elder probably died in 944 when his two sons were still minors, just as their mother died at an early age (before 932). Otto I had his wife's nephews raised at the royal court. Her legacy was administered by her uncle Hermann Billung as her legal guardian, and her father's counties were administered by another kings relative, Count and legate Heinrich I. von Stade. Because they felt they had been cheated of their inheritance, Wichmann II the Younger and Ekbert faced Hermann and Otto I several times. The dispute had its climax in 955: The fights with Wichmann and Ekbert and the Slavs allied with them had the forces of Hermann (see there) bound so that he could not pull against the Hungarians with Otto I. After the victory on the Lechfeld, Wichmann and Ekbert were declared enemies of the country (see here) . Ekbert later finally submitted, while his brother Wichmann the Younger rebelled again and again and in 967 fell as an outlaw. His inheritance was confiscated - presumably before his death - and distributed between the Kemnade and St. Michael monasteries in Lüneburg.

In these quarrels, which affected the entire empire, a good reason could be seen to make Wichmann and his goods taboo, so that one was forced to find an expression that clearly names the goods in question (for this time), without mentioning Wichmann.

The connection between the two founders of Kemnade and Wichmann the Younger has not been proven. Mostly they are mistaken for his sisters. But it could also be his daughters who were covered in this way (see the list of the Billunger family ).

Bienenbüttel (place)

(derived from Bian = bee, bees, -gibudi (gibutli, budli, butil, butli) for ... büttel as a place name element and -burg for place) where -burg was later omitted. Köbler expressly points out in his Old Saxon dictionary that "Bian" could also refer to the first names Bia and Bio, which were popular at the time. In 1252 the place name "Binebutle" appears in a directory of the Diocese of Verden .

literature

  • Walter Koptik: Bienenbüttel community chronicle . Bienenbüttel community, 1967.
  • 1000 years of Bienenbüttel - history with a lot of future. Nordhorn 2004, DNB 97183623X .
  • The unified community of Bienenbüttel and its districts. Bienenbüttel community, ISBN 3-8334-1341-7 .
  • Eberhard Behnke: Pastor Karl Kayser and his chronicle of the parish Wichmannsburg. Norderstedt 2006, ISBN 3-8334-6316-3 .
  • Gerhard Köbler : Old Saxon dictionary ( online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Certificate No. 87. In: Harry Bresslau , Hermann Bloch , R. Holtzmann u. a. (Ed.): Diplomata 14: The documents of Heinrich II. And Arduins (Heinrici II. Et Arduini Diplomata). Hanover 1900–1903, pp. 109–111 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  2. ↑ Certificate No. 362 in: Harry Bresslau , Hermann Bloch , R. Holtzmann u. a. (Ed.): Diplomata 14: The documents of Heinrich II. And Arduins (Heinrici II. Et Arduini Diplomata). Hanover 1900–1903, pp. 464–465 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  3. ↑ Document No. 19. In: Harry Bresslau with the assistance of H. Wibel and A. Hessel (eds.): Diplomata 15: The documents of Konrad II. (Conradi II. Diplomata) With supplements to the documents of Heinrich II. Hanover 1909 , Pp. 21–22 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  4. ↑ Certificate No. 7. In: Harry Bresslau and Paul Kehr (eds.): Diplomata 16: The documents of Heinrich III. (Heinrici III. Diplomata). Berlin 1931, pp. 9-10 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  5. ^ Bia von Ringelheim, Countess im Bardengau ( Memento from December 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive )