Biblical archeology
The Biblical Archeology (also Biblical archeology or Palestine archeology ) operates the archaeological exploration of Israel and Palestine . As an independent archaeological discipline, Biblical Archeology is ultimately a local expression of prehistory and early history and works closely with the neighboring disciplines of Near Eastern Archeology , Egyptology and Classical Archeology .
As a local expression of prehistory and early history, Biblical Archeology deals with the material legacies in the countries and regions of the biblical world: Sinai Peninsula (now part of Egypt ), Israel , Jordan , West Bank with Gaza Strip , northern Saudi Arabia , southern Syria and southern Lebanon , whereby the contacts to the neighboring cultures of Egypt, Mesopotamia , Arabia and the Mediterranean world are also of particular importance, as they have repeatedly influenced the southern Levant .
Biblical archeology begins with the Neolithic , while the earlier epochs are treated across regions by prehistory . The temporal end of Biblical Archeology is the present, as every archaeological excavation site and all its legacies must be examined. These can extend to the present day. However, the interests of researchers often end at the end of the Iron Age or in the Roman epoch . The later epochs are then often examined by classical archaeologists, Roman provincial archaeologists , Byzantinists and other research groups. Biblical archeology is a research area limited to the southern Levant, while Christian archeology deals with the material legacies of Christianity , especially in the 1st millennium AD, and this possibly worldwide.
Tasks of Biblical Archeology
Your tasks are to research the places in Israel and Palestine. As a purely archaeological discipline, she is not concerned with proving the correctness of the Bible, but with elevating the material culture of the southern Levant. The excavation findings then of course have to be correlated with the textual traditions of this region, of which the Bible is the most extensive. Here, however, a historical-critical assessment of the biblical texts is also of great importance.
Important excavations and their excavators
- from 1867 Jerusalem under Charles Warren
- from 1890 Tell el-Hesi under Flinders Petrie
- from 1902 Tell Ta'annek under Ernst Sellin
- 1903–1905 Tell el-Mutesellim under Gottlieb Schumacher
- from 1907 Tell es-Sultan ( Jericho ) under Ernst Sellin
- from 1913 Tell Balata ( Sichem ) under Ernst Sellin
- from 1922 Tell el-Ful under William Foxwell Albright
- from 1932 Tell ed-Duwer ( Lachish ) under James Leslie Starkey
After the Second World War, archaeological research of its own developed primarily in Israel, to a limited extent also in Jordan and the West Bank. Important Israeli researchers are Benjamin Mazar , Yigael Yadin , Yohanan Aharoni , Amihai Mazar, Israel Finkelstein , David Ussishkin, Moshe Kochavi, Ze'ev Herzog, E. Oren, Trude Dothan and Mosche Dothan , M. Artzy, A. Raban and others . After a break of several years after the Holocaust, German-speaking researchers have started digging again in the southern Levant. The following should be mentioned in particular (only excavation management or participation in leading positions): V. Fritz (Arad, Tell es-Seba, Khirbet el-Mschasch, Tell el-Oreme / Kinneret; originally Universities of Mainz and Giessen), D. Conrad ( Akko; originally University of Marburg), S. Mittmann (Khirbet ez-Zeraqon; University of Tübingen), M. Metzger (Kamid el-Loz; University of Kiel), J. Zangenberg (Tell el-Oreme / Kinneret, Horvat Kur; University of Leiden) , St. Münger (Tell el-Oreme / Kinneret, Horvat Kur; University of Bern), W. Zwickel (Tell el-Oreme / Kinneret; Yavne; Jaffa; University of Mainz), D. Vieweger (Tell Zira'a; Church University of Wuppertal / University of Wuppertal / University of Witten / Herdecke / German Evangelical Institute for Research into the Holy Land of Jerusalem and Amman), M. Peilstöcker (Tell Shune, Jaffa and many other excavations on behalf of the Israeli Antiquities Administration; University of Mainz), G. Lehmann (Tell el -Farah South; Qubur al-Walayda and many other excavations on behalf of the Israeli Antiquities Administration; University of Beer-Sheva), M. Niemann (Megiddo, Qubur al-Walayda; University of Rostock), A. Berlejung (Qubur al-Walayda, Ashdod-Yam; University of Leipzig), J. Kamlah (Tell el-Burak; University of Tübingen) , Th. Pola (Tulul ed-Dahab; University of Dortmund), U. Hübner (Umm Saisaban; University of Kiel) F. Ninow (Balu'a; Theological University Friedensau) and U. Worschech (Balu'a; Theological University Friedensau).
German institutes with biblical archeology as a research focus
Biblical archeology is considered a minor subject in German university policy.
Biblical archeology locations are:
- Kiel, Institute for Old Testament Studies and Biblical Archeology at Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel within the Theological Faculty ( Anna Elise Zernecke )
- Mainz, Seminar for Old Testament and Biblical Archeology within the Evangelical Theological Faculty of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz ( Wolfgang Zwickel )
- Tübingen, Biblical-Archaeological Institute of the Protestant Theological Faculty of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen ( Jens Kamlah )
- Leipzig, Institute for Old Testament Studies at the theological faculty of Leipzig University ( Angelika Berlejung )
- Wuppertal, Biblical-Archaeological Institute Wuppertal , an institute of the Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal and an affiliated institute of the Bergische Universität Wuppertal with the right to award doctorates at both universities ( Dieter Vieweger ).
literature
- Eric H. Cline : Biblical Archeology. From Genezareth to Qumran (from the English by Karin Schuler). Zabern, Darmstadt 2016, ISBN 978-3-8053-4978-9 .
- Eric H. Cline: Biblical Archeology. A little introduction. Translation Karin Schuler, Philipp Reclam jun., Ditzingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-15-018857-6 .
- Herbert Donner : Introduction to biblical geography and antiquity . 2nd edition, Darmstadt 1988, ISBN 3-534-06344-9
- Volkmar Fritz : Introduction to Biblical Archeology . 2nd edition, Darmstadt 1993, ISBN 3-534-09065-9 .
- Dieter Vieweger : Archeology of the Biblical World . 2nd edition, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 978-3-8252-2394-6 = 'Archeology of the biblical world ", Gütersloh 2012, ISBN 978-3-579-08131-1 =' When stones talk. Archeology in Palestine", Göttingen 2004, ISBN 978-3-525-53623-0
- Wolfgang Zwickel : Introduction to biblical geography and antiquity . Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 3-534-15084-8
Web links
- German Evangelical Institute for Classical Studies of the Holy Land
- Links to excavations in Israel / Palestine
- Dieter Vieweger: Archeology of Palestine. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (Eds.): The Scientific Biblical Lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Small subjects: Biblical archeology on the Kleine Fächer portal. Retrieved June 12, 2019 .