Gottlieb Schumacher

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Gottlieb Schumacher
Templar colony in Haifa (no year)
Inscription on the Templar parish hall in Haifa. Schumacher's own house in Haifa is right across the street on Ben-Gurion-Str. 12. (Photo 2003).
Wilhelm II in Haifa on October 25, 1898 on Schumacher's pier
Tel Megiddo. Schumacher was the first excavator in 1903.
Schumacher's theodolite in the DEI collection

Gottlieb Samuel Schumacher (born November 21, 1857 in Zanesville, Ohio ; died November 26, 1925 in Haifa ) was a German-American civil engineer , architect and amateur archaeologist in Haifa.

Life

Gottlieb Schumacher's parents had emigrated from Tübingen to the USA in 1848 . His father Jacob Schumacher confessed to the Templars , who founded a colony in Haifa in the late 1860s . Jacob Schumacher moved to this colony in 1869, where he became the elected chairman of the colony as a builder , and from 1872 until his death in 1891 he was also the American Vice Consul , who was supported from afar by Carl Schurz .

Gottlieb Schumacher was sent to Germany to study civil engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart . He mastered Latin, Ancient Greek, German, English, French, Arabic and Turkish. He returned to Palestine in 1881 as a civil engineer . There he received construction contracts for various houses, hostels , the winery donated by Edmond Rothschild in Rishon LeZion and a bridge over the Kishon . He first dealt with the extension of the Haifa pier by a landing stage in 1886. In 1885 he became the district engineer for road construction in Akkon in the Ottoman administration . In the course of this he visited the Akkon prison at the end of 1884 in order to develop an expert opinion on the state of the building and his suggestions for improvement, which he found unbearable.

For the prospecting of the branch of the Hejaz Railway from Dar'a to Haifa, he took the first precise maps of the region. He not only described the settlement, but also the archaeological occurrence and published the results in the journal of the German Palestine Association and at the Palestine Exploration Fund . Schumacher was a member of both organizations. The first information about the Tall Zira'a , its location and the remains of a fortification on the plateau came from Schumacher . On a tabgha map from 1889, he recommended excavations there.

Like his father, Gottlieb Schumacher had also become US consul and was also appointed Royal Württemberg Building Councilor. In 1899 Schumacher accompanied the son Christoph Hoffmann and Hugo Wieland to audiences with the German Emperor and the King of Württemberg in Stuttgart, in order to advance questions of citizenship, the establishment of a German secondary school and the legal recognition of the Templar community in the German Empire. For Kaiser Wilhelm II's trip to Palestine in 1898, the landing stage in Haifa was expanded under Schumacher's direction. In 1903, Wilhelm II received part of the Mschatta facade from the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II as a gift, Schumacher took care of the recovery and removal. After he had supported Ernst Sellin in the excavations of “Tell Ta'annek” in 1902 , he directed his own excavations at Tell Megiddo from 1903 to 1905 .

In a memorandum in 1913, Schumacher made himself the spokesman for the German colonists when Palestine came under French territorial claims. At the end of the First World War , the German members of the colony had to migrate back to Germany with the withdrawal of the Ottoman and German troops . Schumacher stayed in Germany until 1924 because it was only then that he received permission to enter the now British mandate of Palestine and to return to his house at 136 Presidential Avenue on Mount Carmel .

Gottlieb Schumacher Institute

The headquarters of the “Gottlieb Schumacher Institute for Research into the Christian Contribution to the Reconstruction of Palestine in the 19th Century” of the University of Haifa is located in the “Keller-Haus”, named after the Templar Friedrich Keller , at 2 Kellerstraße in Haifa. The institute was founded in 1987 by Alex Carmel .

Fonts

  • Palestine Exploration Fund. Abiba (, Pella and northern Ajlun) of the Decapolis London 1889.
  • Tell el-mutesellim. 1. Report of the discovery made by Gottlieb Schumacher . Edited by the executive committee under the responsible Edited by Carl Steueragel. Leipzig 1908. (The second volume was reconstructed by Carl Watzinger and published in 1929.)
  • List of names of the northern East Bank. According to G. Schumacher . In: Carl Steueragel: The 'Adschlun . Leipzig 1927.
  • Map of the East Bank . Edited by the German Association for the Exploration of Palestine. Geographical Institute by Wagner & Debes, Leipzig, undated

literature

  • Alex Carmel: The settlements of the Württemberg Templars in Palestine 1868–1918. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1973, ISBN 3-17-001636-9 .
  • Alex Carmel: History of Haifa in the Turkish Period 1516-1918. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-447-01636-1 .
  • Alex Carmel: Christians as Pioneers in the Holy Land. A contribution to the history of the pilgrimage and the reconstruction of Palestine in the 19th century. Reinhardt, Basel 1981, ISBN 3-7245-0476-4 . (= Theological Journal, special volume 10.)
  • Jakob Eisler: Gottlieb Samuel Schumacher. In: Maria Magdalena Rückert (Ed.): Württembergische biographies including Hohenzollern personalities. Volume II. On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-17-021530-6 , pp. 263-266.
  • Siegfried Kreuzer: Ernst Sellin and Gottlieb Schumacher in Palestine. In: Charlotte Trümpler (Ed.): The Great Game. Archeology and Politics during the Colonial Period (1860–1940). Book accompanying the exhibition in the Ruhr Museum Essen, DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-8321-9063-7 , pp. 136–145.
  • Memories of Gottlieb Samuel Ruff (1890–1983) on the temple congregation in Haifa. In: Supplement of the waiting room of the Temple 17, 2010 - The special contribution (PDF)
  • Frank Daubner: Gottlieb Schumacher, a pioneer of historical-geographical research in Syria . In: Orbis Terrarum 11, 2012-2013, ISSN  1385-285X , pp. 73-89.

Web links

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ruth Kark: American consuls in the Holy Land, 1832-1914. Wayne State University Press, 1994, p. 121.
  2. ^ German Association for the Study of Palestine, German Evangelical Institute for Classical Studies: Journal of the German Palestine Association , Volume 107-109, p. 180; O. Harrassowitz, 1992.
  3. ↑ Carmel: The Settlements , p. 36.
  4. ↑ According to Ruff, he also attended grammar school in Stuttgart, probably to obtain a university entrance qualification.
  5. ↑ Carmel: History of Haifa , p. 115.
  6. ^ Carmel, History of Haifa , p. 121.
  7. ↑ Palestine Chronicle 1883 to 1914: German newspaper reports from the 1st wave of Jewish immigration up to the First World War , Alex Carmel (compilation and ed.), Ulm: Vaas, 1983, pp. 53–56. ISBN 3-88360-041-5 .
  8. ↑ Original Tabgha map by Schumacher ( Memento of the original from June 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kinneret-excavations.org
  9. ^ Notes from Gottlieb Samuel Ruff, memories
  10. ↑ Carmel: The Settlements , p. 169.
  11. ↑ Carmel: The Settlements. P. 199ff.
personal data
SURNAME Schumacher, Gottlieb
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schumacher, Gottlieb Samuel (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American civil engineer, architect and amateur archaeologist in Haifa
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Zanesville, Ohio
DATE OF DEATH November 26, 1925
Place of death Haifa