Tabgha

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Tabgha
Tabgha
Basic data
hebrew : עין שבע
arabic : عين الطابغة
State : IsraelIsrael Israel
District : North
Coordinates : 32 ° 52 '  N , 35 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 32 ° 52 '23 "  N , 35 ° 32' 57"  E
Height : 200 m below sea level
 
Residents : 25 (approx.)
 
Time zone : UTC + 2
Telephone code : (+972) 06
Postal code : 14100
 
Community type: Local association
Website :
Tabgha (Israel)
Tabgha
Tabgha

Tabgha [ tabɡɑ ] is a village on the north bank of the Sea of ​​Galilee in Galilee in the northern part of Israel . It is the exit point of several springs that flow into the lake, and a Christian pilgrimage site that is associated with the work of Jesus , in particular the traditional multiplication of bread.

In the Gospels , the sea and Galilee in general play an important role as Jesus' first sphere of activity. Tabgha is home to the Multiplication Church , the Primate Chapel and ancient ruins of the Chapel of Beatitudes , which, according to tradition, recall the actions of Jesus. The churches are looked after by two monastic communities - Italian Franciscans and German Benedictines. A pilgrims' house is available as a facility for guests and a meeting place for the disabled and youth was set up south of the Church of the Multiplication at the beginning of the 1980s. There are other Christian sites in the immediate vicinity, especially the Mount of Beatitudes to the north, Capernaum and Bethsaida to the east and Magdala to the south of Tabgha.

Since June 30, 2000, the Sea of ​​Galilee and its ancient sites Korazim , Capernaum and Tabgha have been on the UNESCO tentative list , the list of proposals for an entry on the World Heritage List .

Name forms

The name Tabgha is the shortened form of the Arabic place nameعين الطابغة, DMG ʿAin aṭ-Ṭābiġa ; this name is derived from the Greek heptapegon ( chorion ) ( Επτάπηγον , literally: seven- spring piece of land). Pilgrims in Byzantine times named the place this way because seven springs arise there. Also the Hebrew name of the placeעין שבע( En Scheva ) means well of seven.

geography

Tabgha on the Sea of ​​Galilee
Lake genezareth

location

Tabgha is located in Galilee in the northern part of Israel directly on the north-west bank of the Sea of ​​Galilee. A promenade leads around the lake. Two kilometers southwest of Capernaum, the road to Tiberias gives way to a mountain foothill. The Church of the Beatitudes is on the mountain, five to ten meters above the road on the steep slope are the ancient ruins of the Chapel of Bliss . The first springs emerge on the other side of the street, about 200 m below sea level. The Heptapegon land extends from these springs to Mount Kinneret in the west.

Geological conditions

Overview map of the exit points of the seven springs

Several springs emerge on the shores of the Sea of ​​Galilee. A distinction is made between two groups, those with a high proportion of calcium , including the springs in Tabgha and those of Fuliya and Tiberias , and those with a high proportion of magnesium , including the springs on the south-east side of the lake, such as Gofra , Ha'On 1 and Chammat Gader .

The seven springs of Tabgha are very different in their salinity and temperature. They go back to geological faults reaching deep into the earth's interior. About 500 meters further to the west, the road coming from Rosh Pina meets the road to Tiberias in the valley ; here the second deep geological fault runs. In the Tabgha catchment area, the rocks of the Judea, Mt. Scopus and Avedat groups strike out. The basaltic Korazim block forms the eastern part of Tabgha . The groundwater comes mainly from the Upper Aquifer and differs in terms of chlorideity (0.2 to 2.4 g / l) and temperature (19 to 39 ° C). The reason for this is the dependence of the rising brine on the degree of mixing with non-saline groundwater.

Local division

Today's Tabgha is a place of pilgrimage and includes the Tabgha Priory of the Dormition Abbey in Jerusalem , which includes the Church of the Multiplication , the Benedictine monastery , a pilgrims' house, a place for the disabled and youth, a sister's house and extensive plantations. To the west of it, at the foot of Tell el-Oreme , the German Association of the Holy Land has renovated and expanded the old pilgrims' hospice, which served as a youth hostel for a long time after the establishment of the State of Israel. The Tell el-Oreme , the new hostel Karei Deshe and an excavation located near a Muslim palace ( Khirbat al-Minya ) belong to Tabgha and lie on the possession of the German Association of the Holy Land. To the east of the Tabgha Priory, looked after by the Custody of the Holy Land of the Franciscans (OFM) , lies the Primate Chapel . 50 meters further east on the road towards Capernaum is the tower from the Byzantine period, which is called Hammam Ayub (Bath of Job) or Tannur Ayub (Oven of Job) in Arabic , and which holds one of the Tabgha's springs.

On the south-eastern edge of Tabgha in the Sea of ​​Galilee there are the remains of a small port facility, which is dated to the 3rd and 4th centuries due to the pottery discovered there. Irregular anchors made of basalt could also be recovered there.

climate

The climate in Tabgha is a mixture of Mediterranean and steppe climate. The average temperature is 22.9 ° C. The warmest months are July, August and September with an average of 27, 28 and 26 ° C and the coldest December, January and February with an average of 15, 14 and 15 ° C, respectively. Most of the precipitation falls in December and January with an average of 130 millimeters, the lowest from May to September with an average of less than five millimeters. The annual average of precipitation is 463 millimeters. The air temperatures rise to over 40 ° C in summer and the water temperatures up to 30 ° C. The wind often blows strongly offshore from the west and spreads over the lake, weakening it to the east. The early summer desert wind (Arabic: Chamsin , Hebrew: Sharav ) can bring strong heat waves of up to 50 ° C. The water mass of the Sea of ​​Galilee forms a heat store, which contributes to average temperatures of 14 ° C through its radiation in winter.

Precipitation and temperatures from Tiberias nine kilometers south of Tabgha
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temperature ( ° C ) 14th 15th 17th 20th 22nd 24 27 28 26th 24 20th 15th O 21st
Precipitation ( mm ) 130 95 60 15th 4th 0 0 0 2 18th 80 130 Σ 534
Water temperature (° C) 15.7 14.7 16.0 19.4 23.2 26.7 27.9 28.6 28.4 26.3 22.3 18.0 O 22.3
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		130
95
60
15th
4th
0
0
0
2
18th
80
130
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: temperatures and rainfall and water temperatures

Flora and fauna

Hyrax in Tabgha in November 2008

Rows of palm trees were planted again and again in Tabgha . After several storm damage at the end of the 1990s, a large part of the eucalyptus trees that were previously planted for soil drainage had to be felled for safety reasons.

Large bougainvillea bushes bloom in many places on the site . Most recently, most of the crops grown on the agricultural land were mangoes and grapefruits .

Due to the relatively high temperatures in summer, rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis syriaca ), common chameleons ( Chamaeleo chamaeleon ) and geckos (Gekkonidae) can be found on land animals .

In the lake area in front of the sources of Tabgha, the so-called petrus fish ( Sarotherodon galilaeus , Arabic musht ) and the kinneret sardine ( Acanthobrama terrae-sanctae ), but also the freshwater mussel ( Unio tigridis ) in the edible subspecies Unio tigridis terminalis and the freshwater snail, swim Species Melanopsis premorsa .

For earlier epochs, when the shores of the lake were still significantly more swampy and covered with papyrus , wild boars and hippos ( Hippopotamus amphibius ) can be proven by bone finds. While the former are still present at the mouth of the Jordan , the latter probably only occurred at the Sea of ​​Galilee until the late Iron Age.

history

View from Dalmanuta to the southwest of Tell-el-Oreme with the ancient city of Kinneret

Prehistory and early history as well as antiquity

In the collection of the Royal Museums for Art and History in Brussels there are several Mesolithic finds such as stone knives with the location of Tabgha.

In the southwestern part of Tabgha in the layers of Tell el-Oreme are the remains of the biblical city of Kinneret . Based on the pottery found, it was dated to the Middle and Younger Bronze Age. The city was surrounded by a city wall over ten meters wide. During the time of Roman occupation, the Via Maris , a Roman road that connected Egypt with the more northern Roman provinces, ran between Tell el-Oreme and Tabgha . The remains of a Roman aqueduct that ran parallel to this street have also been preserved.

Biblical reference

Modern altar above the (offset) rock and the 5th century mosaics.

According to traditional tradition, three stories from the New Testament are associated with tabgha. Although the traditions go back to the 3rd century, there are no reliable indications that the events actually took place in Tabgha.

  1. The feeding of the five thousand - according to biblical tradition, Jesus is said to have fed 5000 men, women and children with five loaves of bread and two fish ( Mt 14.13-21 EU and parallel passages  ).
  2. The inauguration of the papacy - the appearance of the risen Jesus, reported in the Gospel of John ( John 21  EU ), is also localized in Tabgha: Jesus appears to his disciples while fishing on the lake shore and, after a common meal, instructs Simon Peter three times, “his lambs to graze ”. According to the Catholic reading, in this order, Peter is appointed head of all believers and thus the first Pope .
  3. The healing of the leper by Jesus is said to have taken place in the Tannur Ayub tower 200 meters away ( Mt 8 : 1-5  EU ). Mention of the place in early pilgrimage reports suggests that the early Christians venerated this place as the place where Jesus healed the leper. The Arab Bedouins of the area have incorporated this story into their tradition. However, since the Koran only knows Job in lepers , the place was identified with him.

Late ancient history

Ravenfish ( Sciaena umbra )

The sources of the place are already mentioned in a description by Josephus Flavius . When Tarichea was conquered by Emperor Vespasian in 67 , Flavius ​​describes the Jordan River as well as the landscape and Lake Gennesar. He writes: "A very powerful spring joins the mild climate, [...] Some have already taken this spring to be a vein of the Nile , since it contains raven fish like in the lake near Alexandria ."

Mosaic in the north-eastern part of the church over the remains of the church building from the 4th century.

The first church on site was a single-nave building, 15.5 × 9.5 meters in size, which was aligned with the street and not yet faced. This church was built in the 4th century. A basalt stone discovered in 1911 bore the grave inscription of a certain Josephus, in which some researchers see the builder of the first church building.

From 381 to 384 the pilgrim Egeria toured the Holy Land and wrote a travel report about it; the part dealing with Galilee was only preserved in an excerpt by Petrus Diaconus (12th century). She wrote about Tabgha: “There by the sea [of Tiberias] lies a meadow with a lot of grass and many palm trees and near it seven springs, each of which flows uninterruptedly. In this meadow the Lord fed the people with five loaves and two fish. Indeed, the stone on which the Lord laid bread has now been made an altar. "

In the 5th century, the first building was replaced by a larger three-aisled cruciform column basilica. This church building is mentioned in 530 in the description of holy places by Theodosius. The next and last ancient mention of the place comes from the anonymous pilgrim from Piacenza , who reports around 570 that he visited the place where the five thousand were fed and saw extensive fields and plantations of olive and palm trees there. The basilica was destroyed during the first half of the 7th century. Whether in the course of the Persian (614) or Arab (635) invasion is unclear. The Gallic bishop Arculf , who visited the springs around 670, no longer found a standing building, only overturned columns.

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

The Umayyad caliph's palace Chirbat al-Minya was built near the place in the early 8th century . The modest hillside monastery with the Chapel of the Beatitudes and the simple sanctuary of the Mensa Domini on the shore of the lake seem to have continued to exist. During the crusades, the cafeteria Domini was built over with a Norwegian stave church. To the north of it, the crusaders built a tower, which fell into disrepair soon after the crusades. Overall, Tabgha was completely deserted in the Middle Ages. The biblical reference was only passed on through maps.

In 1596 the village "at-Tabigha" was founded as part of the Ottoman Empire . It was a village of about 44 people in the Jira district within the Safed district . During the 1931 census it was documented that at-Tabigha consisted of 53 houses and had a population of 223 Muslims, 21 Christians and one Jew.

Rediscovery and archaeological exploration

Tabgha Church of the Multiplication

In the 19th century only a few wall sections protruded from the ground and the importance of the place was initially largely unknown. An agricultural settlement was only created in 1887; the first mosaics were discovered. The German surveyor Gottlieb Schumacher , who was involved in the construction of the Hejaz Railway , recommended excavations on a Tabgha map from 1889.

During Emperor Wilhelm II's visit to Palestine , which lasted from October 11 to November 26, 1898 , he was welcomed in Haifa on October 25 by Pastor Herman Baumeister (1867–1898), the representative of the Christians living in Tabgha .

The first archaeological excavations, started in March 1911 on behalf of the Görres Society under the direction of Paul Karge, soon had to be stopped again due to unclear ownership conditions on the southern edge of the property.

During the First World War there was also fighting in Tabgha, which was in the area of ​​the Ottoman Empire and was inhabited by Germans. Several grave inscriptions on the German military cemetery in Nazareth bear witness to this . However, nothing is known about the exact extent.

In February 1932, the archaeological excavations were resumed , this time under the direction of Andreas Evaristus Mader . The German archaeologist Oswin Puttrich-Reignard also took part in the excavation of the Görres Society for several weeks. The exposed mosaic surfaces were restored in 1936 by Bernhard Gauer from Düsseldorf and protected from destruction by the construction of a simple hall church. The German Association of the Holy Land demolished this makeshift building in 1979 and replaced it with the current building.

During the Second World War , the Benedictine monks suffered very different fates. While the German monks were interned by the British armed forces, the monks of other nations ( Croatia , France, etc.) fought on the side of the allied forces in the Middle East and North Africa. After the war they returned to Tabgha, but were repeatedly threatened in the subsequent Israeli-Arab conflicts. In particular, actions by the Syrian armed forces , which had access to the mouth of the Jordan, repeatedly forced people to leave the monastery. This changed in 1967 with the occupation of the Golan Heights by the Israeli army .

On May 4, 1948, shortly before the outbreak of the Israeli-Arab War, the village of Tabgha was conquered by units of the Palmach , supported by the Alexandroni Brigade and regional Hagana units. The Arab residents were evicted and their homes and tents destroyed on the orders of Yigal Allon .

In 1968, excavations by Bellarmino Bagatti and Stanislao Loffreda on behalf of the Studium Biblicum Franciscanum took place on the site. The excavation campaign from 1979 to 1980 was led by Renate Rosenthal and Malka Hershkovitz on behalf of the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums , the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Dormition Abbey.

Gisela Helmecke published an overview of the excavations of the Berlin Museum of Islamic Art in Tabgha.

In the 21st century

On April 27, 2014, 70 to 80 Jewish youths broke into the premises and demolished the two worship places “Dalmanutha” by the lake.

On the night of June 17-18, 2015 at around 3:30 in the morning, the atrium of the Church of the Multiplication was badly damaged by arsonists. A monk and a volunteer were injured in this arson attack. On June 21, 2015, around 4,000 Christian demonstrators protested near the church after another smoldering fire had previously broken out. On July 12, 2015, three and later two more Jewish people who acted out of an extremist ideology were arrested. One Jewish extremist was sentenced to six years in prison and the other was acquitted. Israeli President Reuven Rivlin personally took a look at the damage on August 27, 2015 in Tabgha. The repair costs of the fire damage amounted to 1.6 million euros. The Israeli compensation fund had to pay for the damage. The Israeli state contributed a total of € 400,000, the same amount was raised through donations; the other half was owned by the German Association of the Holy Land. The atrium of the Church of the Multiplication was consecrated again on February 12, 2017.

At the beginning of the 2010s, the Greek inscriptions on a font in Tabgha and other graffiti were examined.

Facilities in Tabgha

Church of the Multiplication

In the western part of the site is the Church of the Multiplication , built of light stone . The two previous buildings were built in the 4th and 5th centuries. Today's church building, based on the Byzantine style, with an atrium and narthex in front , was built on the foundations of the 5th century on behalf of the German Association of the Holy Land according to the plans of the Cologne architects Anton Goergen and Fritz Baumann; in places the old black basalt walls can still be seen. The light-colored stones for the church come from Taiyiba , the open roof truss from Germany and the red bricks from Italy. The portal of the church was designed by Elmar Hillebrand .

  • Church of the Multiplication, interior

  • Inner courtyard of the atrium

  • Entrance door by Elmar Hillebrand

  • Church of the Multiplication, forecourt

The entire complex of the Church of the Multiplication was originally designed with mosaics . The mosaic cubes are made of missical stones in the color spectrum from blue-black to white. Only blue and green are missing. The mosaics come from different time periods. The depictions of water birds and marsh plants in the side aisles and in the transept are of particular artistic quality. Well known is the mosaic on the altar, which shows a basket with four loaves of bread (the fifth loaf is the bread on the altar used in the Eucharist ) and two fish to the left and right of it. The stone under the altar is especially venerated as the place where Jesus is said to have placed the loaves and fish before the multiplication of the bread. The church's mosaics are dated to the middle of the 4th century, the famous bread-and-fish mosaic as the latest mosaic can be dated to the beginning of the 5th century.

  • Church of the Multiplication BW 5.JPG
  • Church of the Multiplication P1020582.JPG
  • 5th century AD restored mosaic pavement in the Church of the Multiplication depicting various wetland birds and plants, the earliest known examples of figured pavement in Christian art in the Holy Land, Tabgha, Galilee (18868417239) .jpg
  • 5th century AD restored mosaic pavement in the Church of the Multiplication depicting various wetland birds and plants, the earliest known examples of figured pavement in Christian art in the Holy Land, Tabgha, Galilee (19054611495) .jpg

Primate Chapel

In the eastern part of Tabgha, directly on the lake shore, there is the Primate Chapel or mensa domini , which recalls the appearance of Jesus on the lake after his resurrection, the subsequent meal with his disciples and the commission to Peter. It is presumably the sixth church building in this place.

Egeria already mentioned a church there in the 4th century, which was followed by several buildings up to a Norwegian (stave) church at the time of the Crusaders. However, the stave church building fell into disrepair shortly after the end of the Crusades . The current building was built in 1933. In contrast to the Church of the Multiplication, the chapel is made of black basalt . The interior of the church is dominated by a large stone block, where the meal is said to have taken place.

  • Primate Chapel from the west, around 1903

  • Togo's head of state Nicolas Grunitzky , 1964

  • Primate Chapel, interior view, 2008

  • Primate Chapel from the East, 2008

Traditional places

According to traditional tradition, events of the New Testament are said to have taken place in the following other places in the immediate vicinity:

  • According to individual researchers, Dalmanutha ( ancient Greek Δαλμανουθά Dalmanuthá ) was located near Tabgha. A prayer place right by the lake was named that way. In Mk 8,10  EU Mark writes after the feeding of the four thousand : "And immediately he got into the ship with his disciples and came to the region of Dalmanutha". Other researchers suspect Dalmanutha to be near ancient Migdal.
  • Eremos, a small cave just above Tabgha, into which Jesus is said to have withdrawn in search of rest.

Benedictine priory

The priory , founded in 1939, belongs to the Dormition Abbey of Jerusalem. The Benedictine monks live on the premises of the German Association of the Holy Land near the Church of the Multiplication. The two former buildings of the convent were built in 1956. On February 27, 2007 the foundation stone for the new building of the Benedictine monastery was laid. On May 17th, 2012 the new monastery was inaugurated by Cardinal Meissner.

Since December 1994 Benedictine Sisters from the Philippines have been at the side of the prior for the care of the place . Your convent is currently located in the building closest to the lake, halfway between the Church of the Multiplication and the pilgrims' house. The work in the shop, kitchen and agriculture is carried out with the help of Greek Catholic, Druze and Muslim workers from villages in Northern Galilee, especially from the village of Rameh .

Franciscan monastery

Franciscans of the Custody of the Holy Land ( Custodia di terra santa ) have been looking after the eastern half of Tabgha since 1889 . The buildings are limited to the primate chapel and a few houses for the brothers who look after them. The majority is undeveloped.

Pilgrims' hospice

District Administrator Leopold Janssen, President of the Palestine Association of Catholics in Germany , raised 9,000 francs in 1887 for the purchase of around 40 hectares of land on the Sea of ​​Galilee. The local authorities initially caused difficulties, but in 1889 the Swabian master mason Franz Keller managed to acquire the site for the association. On February 6, 1889, he built a prefabricated house in Safed , the individual parts of which had been transported to Tabgha by camels during the night.

The construction of a small hospice , the core of the central building, began as early as 1890. Three years later, in 1893, the first pilgrims came to the hospice, which was subsequently expanded. The Tabgha Hospice, today's pilgrim house of the German Association of the Holy Land, offered space for 50 guests at that time.

In 1891 Pastor Dom Zephirin Biever from Luxembourg took over the management and took part in the development of Tabgha for 16 years under the Arabic name Abuna Daut . He died in 1915 as Vicar General of Cyprus.

In 1913 the Lazarist father Johannes Taepper took over the management. Initially, he saw his main task in managing the 200 hectares of agricultural land. After several bad harvests, however, he intensified the expansion of the pilgrim hospice. The number of visitors, especially from England and America, increased steadily after the First World War . Shortly before the outbreak of World War II , Johannes Taepper had to return to Germany after 25 years of work because of a heart disease. He died there in 1946.

  • The pilgrims' hospice from the lake, before 1937

  • The pilgrims' hospice to the northwest, before 1937

  • Core building of the pilgrims' hospice, 2010

  • Pilgrims' hospice, 2010

In 1948 the buildings were confiscated by the Israelis and initially used as an administration building. The site was later converted into an Israeli youth hostel, the so-called (old) Karei Deshe (Green Meadow). The head of the Karei Deshe was the Israeli botanist Shlomo Ilan. The unique bamboo forest , which can still be seen today in the area of ​​the pilgrims' house, was planted under him, as were rubber trees as high as a house and other plants. After long negotiations, the German Association of the Holy Land succeeded in exchanging the buildings in the early 1990s . In return, the new Israeli youth hostel Karei Deshe was built with German support on leased land from the association.

On March 24, 2000, Pope John Paul II blessed the foundation stone of the pilgrims' house and after two years of construction, the new facility was inaugurated by Cardinal Joachim Meisner .

The architectural implementation of the project was in the hands of the architects Guggenheim-Bloch in collaboration with the Rosiny company from Cologne.

The spiritual direction of the pilgrims' house has been in the hands of Ludger Bornemann, who was appointed papal chaplain (monsignor) in 2012 . The patron saint of the pilgrims' hospice is Cardinal Meisner from Cologne. The pilgrim house has been run by Jubrail Gabby Mashael since January 2015. He comes from Nazareth and lived in Munich for 23 years.

Chirbat al-Minya archaeological site

Not far from the place is the archaeological dig site Chirbat al-Minya, 200 meters from the north shore of the Sea of ​​Galilee. The ruins of the Umayyad caliphate palace ( desert castle ) date from the early 8th century and externally resemble a Roman military camp . The luxurious interior includes a palace's own mosque and an early Islamic bathing complex.

  • Chirbat al-Minya

  • Ruins from the outside

  • Decorative element made of marble

Meeting place for the handicapped and young people

Saltwater pool of the meeting place to the south in 1994

After the construction of the Church of the Multiplication was completed in 1982, the Benedictine community under the then prior Immanuel Jacobs wondered what they could offer the country and its poorer sections of the population. The answer came in the form of a request from the SOS Children's Village in Bethlehem : "Palestinian children would like to spend a few days vacation in Tabgha."

A meeting place was set up on the area between the Church of the Multiplication and Dalmanutha. One of the aims of this facility is to give disabled and non-disabled children and young people from Israel and the West Bank the opportunity to meet peacefully on neutral ground.

Already in the second year of its existence, during the First Intifada , the site proved itself when groups from the West Bank had to stay in Tabgha for several months because they were refused return travel. Sumaya Farhat-Naser wrote about this time: “A small contribution to understanding was possible in 1988 in Tabgha. There was a recreation center for disabled children there. I succeeded in realizing a project with the prior of the monastery and the German pair of leaders for disabled and wounded Palestinian youths who suffered from the consequences of gunshot wounds. I myself have often smuggled groups of fifteen to thirty wounded from Gaza, Jerusalem and Nablus to Tabgha. For the first time, Palestinian and Israeli doctors took part in this humanitarian operation. "

Due to the mediation function of the square, a meeting between Israeli veterans of the Yom Kippur War and victims of the Intifada could later take place in Tabgha. The facility was funded by the Federal Ministry for Youth, Family and Health under the direction of Rita Süssmuth .

There is a handicapped accessible building for overnight stays, the so-called Beit Noah with currently 33 beds, and the Beit Benedikt with kitchen and store as a supply facility. The number of overnight accommodations in large tents fluctuates; there are currently 24 beds; there was a maximum of 120 tent sites at the same time. The paths and facilities of the campsite were designed to be wheelchair accessible. One of the salty springs (Q 2) was also channeled and expanded so that a pool was created that can be accessed by wheelchair.

For 14 years, the management of the meeting place was in the hands of management couples from Germany. From 1984 to 1988 it was Ulla and Johannes Roelofsen who were mainly busy building the infrastructure. From 1988 to 1991 Renate Wolff-Zenner and Günter Zenner managed the meeting place, from 1992 to 1995 Barbara Viehoff and Helmut Röhrbein-Viehoff and from 2000 to 2003 Karin and Meinrad Bauer were in charge. Since then, the Benedictine monks have been organizing the encounter work in collaboration with the Filipino sisters. In September 2009 Nicole Bader took over the management from Father Basilius and Paul Nordhausen-Besalel has been running the meeting place since September 2010. The work in the meeting place was supported from the beginning by people doing community service (social service according to § 14b ZDG) from Germany and international volunteers . Four German-speaking volunteers, two US-Americans and two senior volunteers are currently helping in the meeting place.

Visitors and tourism

Tabgha was always a stopover on the travels of political, religious and other public figures. In 1899/1900, for example, the writer Karl May visited the place during his trip to the Orient . He gave the association several books with handwritten dedications for his admission to the pilgrims' hospice, but they are lost. Between 1934 and 1939 the Swedish photographer Gästgifvar Eric Matson (1888–1977), who worked for the National Geographic Magazine on behalf of the American Colony Jerusalem , took photos of Tabgha.

With Paul VI. (1897–1978) was first visited by a pope in 1964. He was followed in March 2000 by Pope John Paul II (1920–2005).

In 1982, when the foundation stone was laid for the Church of the Multiplication, Joseph Cardinal Höffner (1906–1987) from Cologne stayed in Tabgha. In 1987 Cardinal O'Connor (1920–2000) from New York visited the place and in 2002 Cardinal Joachim Meisner opened the new pilgrim house. In November 2010 the Patriarchal Vicar for Israel, Monsignor Giacinto-Boulos Marcuzzo, was in Tabgha.

Tabgha is also often on the agenda of secular visitors to Israel. So came Togo's head of state Nicolas Grunitzky in 1964 , Mikhail Gorbachev in 1992 and, two years later (1994) King Juan Carlos of Spain.

The last German politicians were Federal President Horst Köhler in 2005, Federal Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in 2007 and Federal President Christian Wulff in Tabgha in 2010 .

Since 2007, Tabgha has been a station on the so-called Jesus Trail , an approximately 120-kilometer hiking and pilgrimage route that is based on the life stations of the historical Jesus. Up to 5000 visitors come to Tabgha every day.

Transport links

Tabgha is about 200 meters from the Capernaum bus station (Kfar Nahum Junction) on the Egged bus route . This station is located on the north-south road 90 between Tiberias and Safed and is served by bus routes 840, 841 and 963. On the branching off road No. 87, a section of the ring road around the Sea of ​​Galilee, buses only run sporadically between the intersection at the bus station and Capernaum. The next central bus station with connections in all directions is in Tiberias.

Boats on the Sea of ​​Galilee run from Capernaum, Ginnossar, and Tiberias on demand . In Tabgha there are no jetties, but landings are possible if the water conditions are favorable.

The nearest international airport is Ben Gurion Airport, about 150 kilometers southeast of Tabgha. The closest domestic airport for domestic flights is Haifa Airport .

International shipping connections across the Mediterranean to Cyprus and Greece are available from Haifa , about 50 kilometers west of Tabgha. Also in Haifa is the nearest railway station of the Israel Railways railway company .

Others

Because of its brevity and biblical reference, the term "Tabgha" is used by several religious movements for their institutions, such as the Tabgha Youth Church in Oberhausen or the Tabgha Foundation in Minneapolis ( USA ).

The name is also used by a hotel in Tbilisi ( Georgia ) and another in Harrisburg ( Illinois / USA).

Sources, literature and maps

swell

literature

  • Anneliese and Anton Goergen: Tabgha on Lake Genesareth: Biblical place of the multiplication of bread . Munich [and others] 1989.
  • Markus Krastl: Tabgha as a memorial for the feeding of the five thousand; A topographical-archaeological study (diploma thesis at the Theological Faculty of Trier) . Trier 2002.
  • Gerhard Kroll: In the footsteps of Jesus . Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7462-0050-4 , p. 241-248 .
  • Erich Läufer: Tabgha - Where bread was multiplied; Biblical sanctuary on Lake Gennesaret . Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-7616-1452-7 .
  • Stanislao Loffreda: The Sanctuaries of Tabgha . Jerusalem 1975.
  • Andreas Evaristus Mader: The excavations of the Church of the Multiplication by the Görres Society . In: Theology and Faith 25 . 1933, p. 669-677 .
  • Stephan Mock and Michael Schäbitz: The Holy Land as an order: 1855-2005. 150 years of the German Association of the Holy Land . Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-00-015693-3 .
  • Bargil Pixner : Ways of the Messiah and Places of the Early Church . Giessen 1994, ISBN 3-7655-9802-X , p. 102 f .
  • Rainer Riesner : Heptapegon and Capernaum - Two Byzantine pilgrimage sites on Lake Gennesaret . In: G. Fassbeck, S. Fortner, A. Rottloff, J. Zangenberg (eds.): Leben am See Gennesaret; Cultural and historical discoveries in a biblical region . Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-8053-2914-8 , p. 173-180 .
  • Barbara and Helmut Röhrbein-Viehoff: Tabgha - place of bread multiplication; Jesus withdraws into solitude . In: World and Environment of the Bible . tape 4 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 23-26 .
  • Schiel, Basilius: Tabgha 2012: Festschrift for the inauguration of the new monastery building on May 17, 2012 . Emerezian Est., Jerusalem 2012, ISBN 978-965-7409-05-3 .
  • Alfons Maria Schneider : The Church of the Multiplication of the Bread at Et-Tabgha on Lake Gennesaret and its mosaics. [Collectana Hierosolymitana. Publications of the Oriental Institute of the Görres Society 4] . Paderborn 1934.
  • Alfons Maria Schneider: The chapel of the so-called Mensa Domini at et-Tabgha . In: Journal of the German Palestine Association . tape 60 , 1937, pp. 133-135 .
  • Alois Peitz, Hubertus Hillinger, Susanne Hoffmann-Hillinger: New Tabgha Monastery . Trier 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-045054-9 .

Maps and illustrations

  • The west of Tabghas, in: Volkmar Fritz: Tell El-Oreme / Kinneret. In: G. Fassbeck, S. Fortner, A. Rottloff, J. Zangenberg (eds.): Leben am See Gennesaret . Mainz 2003, pp. 33–42, here p. 33.
  • Bargil Pixner: The East Tabgha . In: With Jesus through Galilee according to the fifth Gospel . Rosh Pina 1992, p. 133 .
  • The Library of Congress has around 40 black and white images, mostly from the 1930s.

Web links

Wiktionary: Tabgha  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Tabgha  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sea of ​​Galilee & its Ancient Sites. In: Unesco tentative list. Retrieved June 18, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Christian Siebert: Seasonal chemical variations of the Sea of ​​Galilee, its tributaries and their causes . Diss. FU Berlin 2006, p. 47 f., 54 (pdf; 1.6 MB) . Retrieved June 18, 2020.
    Alon Rimmer, Shaul Hurwitz, Haim Gvirtzman: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Saline Springs: Sea of ​​Galilee, Israel. (pdf; 1.1 MB) In: Ground Water Volume. 37/5, 1999, pp. 663-673 , archived from the original on May 1, 2015 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 (English).
  3. ↑ Bargil Pixner: Archeology: The bath of the leper in Tabgha. In: Circular 21 of the Community of the Dormition Abbey BMV and the Tabgha Priory. January 2002, archived from the original on August 23, 2009 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 .
  4. ^ E. Galili, U. Dahari, J. Sharvit: Underwater Surveys and Rescue Excavations along the Israeli Coast . In: Internat. Journal Nautical Arch. 22/1 (1993), pp. 61-77.
    Sandra Fortner: The pottery and small finds from Bethsaida-Julias on the Sea of ​​Galilee, Israel. (pdf; 19.3 MB) Dissertation at the University of Munich. February 29, 2008, pp. 48, 52, 55 , accessed June 18, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Sea of ​​Galilee. (pdf; 2.7 MB) In: Sea of ​​Galilee: Territory of the Wind. June 2006, p. 7 , archived from the original on December 27, 2015 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 .
  6. ^ Meteorological data for the Tabgha area. Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), archived from the original on August 28, 2008 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 (English).
  7. ^ Weather Tiberias. Climat Tiberias. Temperature Tiberias. In: Weatherclimat.com. Archived from the original on December 21, 2010 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 (English).
  8. ↑ International Lake Environment Committee (ed.): Lake Kinneret (Sea of ​​Galilee). In: ilec.or.jp. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 (English, water temperature at the surface of the lake).
  9. ↑ H. Manhart, A. vd Driesch: Bronze and Iron Age animal world after the bones found at Tell el-Oreme on the Sea of ​​Galilee and their cultural and historical significance . In: G. Fassbeck, S. Fortner, A. Rottloff, J. Zangenberg (eds.): Leben am See Gennesaret . Mainz 2003, pp. 25-30, esp. 28.
  10. ↑ See also: Correia, Antonio Mendes: A significando genealogico do Australopithecus e do cranio de Tabgha eo arco antropofiletico indico (Trabalhos da Soc. Portuguesa de Antropologia e etnologia, v. 2, fasc. 3.) . Postage 1925.
  11. Jump up ↑ Flavius ​​Josephus: History of the Jewish War , Book 3, Chapter 10, Verse 8 (3: 520 from Whiston edition)
  12. ↑ a b c Bargil Pixner: Ways of the Messiah and places of the early church . Giessen 1994, p. 102-113 .
  13. ^ Egeria: Itinerarium, travel report . With excerpts from Petrus Diaconus, De locis sanctis. The holy places . Latin-German. Translated and introduced by Georg Röwekamp with the assistance of Dietmar Thönnes (= Fontes Christiani . Volume 20), 3rd, completely revised edition, Herder, Freiburg et al. 2017, p. 311.
  14. ↑ Hans-Peter Kuhnen : Khirbat al-Minya: The Umayyad Palace on the Sea of ​​Galilee . Orient Archeology 36, 2016.
  15. ↑ Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah, Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century . Erlanger Geographical Works, special volume 5 (1977), p. 176.
  16. ^ E. Mills: Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Government of Palestine, Jerusalem 1932, p. 85.
  17. ↑ a b c d Erich Läufer: Tagbha - where the bread was multiplied . Cologne 2000, p. 26-30 .
  18. ^ Jürgen K. Zangenberg : Kinneret Regional Project - Horvat Kur. In: kinneret-excavations.org. Retrieved June 18, 2020 . Yosef Stepansky: Settlement Remains from the Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman - Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods on the Ancient Tell of Rosh Pinna (Jaʿuna). (pdf; 6.4 MB) In: ʿAtiqot. 96/2019, pp. 1–58, here p. 4 , accessed on June 18, 2020 (English).
  19. ↑ Gerhard Kroll: In the footsteps of Jesus . Leipzig 1988, pp. 243-245.
  20. ^ Morris, Benny, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press 2004, pp. XVII, 250.
  21. ^ Archeology in Israel: Tabgha. In: jewishvirtuallibrary. Retrieved June 18, 2020 .
  22. ^ The excavations in Tabgha / Chirbat al-Minya 1936–1939 . In: Jens Kröger, D. Heiden (Ed.): Islamic Art in Berlin Collections . Berlin 2004, pp. 150–155.
  23. ^ Attack on Tabgha Monastery in Galilee. In: kirchensite.de . May 2, 2014, archived from the original on August 5, 2014 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 .
  24. ^ Suspected arson on Church of the Multiplication in the Galilee. In: Jerusalem Post . June 18, 2015, accessed June 18, 2020 . Israel: fire in Christian church - possibly attack. In: Spiegel Online . June 18, 2015, accessed June 18, 2020 . Sea of ​​Galilee church where 'Jesus fed 5,000,' torched in suspected hate attack. In: Times of Israel . June 18, 2015, accessed June 18, 2020 . Christian Wagner: Arson attack in the Holy Land. In: tagesschau.de . June 18, 2015, archived from the original on June 18, 2015 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 .
  25. ↑ Gabriele Höfling: We all just worked. In: kathisch.de . July 14, 2015, accessed on June 18, 2020 (interview with Sophie Seiler).
  26. ↑ Jack Khoury: Thousands of Christians Attend Protest Rally at Burned Galilee Church. In: Haaretz . June 21, 2015, accessed June 18, 2020 . Another smoldering fire in Tabgha and worldwide expressions of solidarity. In: Newsletter of the German Association of the Holy Land. June 23, 2015, archived from the original on June 24, 2015 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 .
  27. ↑ Jonathan Zalman: Israel Makes Arrests in Connection to Church of Loaves and Fishes Arson. In: Tablet Magazine. July 13, 2015, accessed on July 13, 2015 .
  28. ^ Police arrest Jewish suspects in arson at 'loaves and fishes' church. In: Times of Israel. July 12, 2015, accessed June 18, 2020 . Newsletter of the Embassy of the State of Israel of July 30, 2015.
  29. ↑ Tabgha Arsonist: Four years in prison. In: kathisch.de. December 12, 2017, accessed June 18, 2020 .
  30. ^ President Rivlin visits Tabgha. In: embassies.gov.il . August 31, 2015, accessed June 18, 2020 .
  31. ↑ Israel pays the costs. In: Zeit Online . September 22, 2015, archived from the original on November 9, 2015 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 .
  32. ↑ Andrea Krogmann: Prior of Tabgha: "Whoever is afraid cannot live in this country". In: kathisch.de. June 18, 2020, accessed on June 18, 2020 (interview with Jonas Trageser).
  33. ↑ Andrea Savage: Arson attack on the Tabgha monastery. In: Heritage and Mission: Benedictine Journal; monastic world . 91 (2015), no. 3, pp. 343-344 , accessed on June 18, 2020 . Andrea Krogmann: Almost two years after the attack in Tabgha: In the beginning there was the shock. In: Domradio.de . February 12, 2017, accessed June 18, 2020 . Israel: Tabgha Monastery reopens. In: orf.at . February 13, 2017, accessed March 27, 2020 .

  34. ↑ Stefano DeLuca, Karen Ilardi: Su alcuni graffiti cristiani scoperti nella cappella bizantina delle Beatitudini a Tabgha . In: Liber annuus. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum (Jerusalem) 60 (2010), pp. 287-306 ISSN  0081-8933
    Émile Puech: L 'inscription grecque de la cuve baptismale de Tabgha . In: Liber annuus. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum (Jerusalem) 65 (2015), pp. 483–491. ISSN  0081-8933
  35. ↑ Krastl, Markus: Tabgha as a memorial site for the feeding of the five thousand . Trier 2002, p. 32.
  36. ↑ Margarete Preuss: The church portal as an entrance door to the encounter with God; The Church of the Multiplication in Tabgha received bronze portals . In: Das Heilige Land , 118, 1986, p. 19 f.
  37. ↑ Christoph Wolters: The bronze portal of the Church of the Multiplication in Tabgha (Israel) . In: Das Münster , 40, 1987, pp. 109–112.
  38. ↑ View of the new building
  39. ^ Greeting from Karl Cardinal Lehmann, the chairman of the German Bishops' Conference, at the laying of the foundation stone for the Tabgha Monastery on February 27, 2007, in: KNA Documents, No. 4 / April 2007, 3–4; also in: Press releases from the German Bishops' Conference of February 27, 2007, Bonn; Diploma of the week at baunetz.de
  40. ↑ domradio.de ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
    Help Greichgauer: "... here is a special place" (Genesis, chapter 28); Not an everyday project: The architects from Trier were commissioned to build a new monastery in the Holy Land ... In: Baumeister , 112, 2015, no. 1, pp. 70–79.
  41. ↑ Alois Peitz, Hubertus Hillinger: A new Benedictine monastery in Tabgha . In: Das Münster 68 (2015), special issue, pp. 275–282. ISSN  0027-299X
  42. ↑ Erich Läufer: Tabgha - Where bread was multiplied . Cologne 2000, p. 45 .
  43. ↑ Elias Pfiffi: The Tabgha Priory . In: Heritage and Mission: Benedictine Journal; monastic world 86 (2010), no. 1, pp. 101-102. ISSN  0013-9963
  44. ↑ 28th circular, October 2005, report of the prior (PDF)
  45. ^ Website of the Custodia di terra santa
  46. ↑ a b Information sheet Tabgha at Lake Genesareth. (PDF)
  47. ↑ Shlomo Ilan: The Sea of ​​Galilee a short picture report and souvenir. O. O. 1980; Article v. Ami Ran in Architecture of Israel quarterly (English)
  48. ↑ Website of the Dt. Association v. Holy Land ( Memento of April 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  49. ↑ Article v. Ami Ran in Architecture of Israel quarterly (English); Website of Goggenheim-Bloch ( Memento from August 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  50. ↑ Interview with Ludger Bornemann from November 15, 2007
  51. ↑ kirchensite.de of April 9, 2012 , accessed on April 30, 2012.
  52. ↑ New manager in the Tabgha pilgrim house ( Memento from May 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the German Association of the Holy Land ( Memento from February 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) January 10, 2016.
  53. ↑ Gisela Dachs: in: A little more catholic . In: Die Zeit , No. 10/1995, Part 1; Interview with Immanuel Jacobs
  54. ↑ Sumaya Farhat-Naser: Thyme and Stones. A Palestinian life story . Basel 1995, p. 148 f .
  55. ↑ Gisela Dachs: A little more Catholic . In: Die Zeit , No. 10/1995, Part 2
  56. ^ DIE ZEIT 11/1995, letters to the editor
  57. ↑ AGEH website
  58. ^ Nicole Bader: Meeting place for young people and the disabled in the Benedictine monastery Tabgha / Israel. Annual report 2009 . (PDF)
  59. ↑ Numbers and names on the Dormition website
  60. ↑ Newsletter of the Dormition 2010 (PDF)
  61. ↑ Roswitha von Benda: "I won't pack this country": young Germans in Israel and the West Bank . Munich 1991, ISBN 3-406-34053-9 , pp. 84-91 .
  62. ↑ Gabriele Höfling: We all just worked . kathisch.de, July 14, 2015.
  63. ^ Contemporary photos from the Eric G. Matson Photograph Collection in the Library of Congress .
  64. ^ G. Eric Matson: The Middle East in pictures . New York 1980, ISBN 0-405-12212-8 .
  65. ↑ Stations of the Papal Tour (English)
  66. ↑ Video about the Bread Multiplication Festival 2010
  67. ↑ Christoph Gocke's website with photos from February 3, 2005
  68. ↑ Annual review of the Heilig-Land-Verein ( Memento from August 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  69. ↑ 36. Circular Letter of the Dormition (PDF) p. 10
  70. ↑ Jesus Trail (English)
  71. ↑ Andrea Krogmann: The small monastery on the lake. in: Domradio.de from April 15, 2018 .
  72. ↑ In the database of the Egged website , Kfar Nachum Junction is incorrectly transcribed and entered as “Kfar Na k hum Junction”.
  73. ↑ With current information on bus timetables and opening times
  74. ↑ Elisa Stams: The experiment youth church: the first years of the youth church Tabgha in Oberhausen; an exemplary case study on the problem of youth pastoral reorientation (Practical Theology Today 94) . Stuttgart 2008 (Diss. Duisburg-Essen 2007), ISBN 978-3-17-020519-2
  75. ↑ Michael Schmitz: The Scene Church; TABGHA opens a house of worship for young people . In: Oberhausen '02 (2001), pp. 67-71.
  76. ↑ Oliver Heck: Between heaven and earth - of high ropes courses, skateboards and the good news: religious events in the youth church TABGHA Oberhausen . In: Lebendige Seelsorge: Journal for practical-theological action 55 (2004), no. 4, pp. 262–269. ISSN  0343-4591
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on August 14, 2009 .