Sea raven
| Sea raven | ||||||||||||
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Sea raven ( Sciaena umbra ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sciaena umbra | ||||||||||||
| Linnaeus , 1758 | ||||||||||||
The sea raven ( Sciaena umbra , Syn .: Corvina nigra ) is a species of fish from the umberfish family (Sciaenidae). It lives on the continental shelf of Western Europe and West Africa between southern England , southern Ireland and Senegal , near the Canary Islands and Cape Verde , further in the Mediterranean (northern coasts, southern only to Algeria ) and also in the western Black Sea - to a depth of approx. 200 m .
features
It resembles a carp in outline, only the caudal fin is not bilobed. Its color is a dark (olive) brown with a purple sheen. The hard-nosed part of the dorsal fin can be raised upright. The soft-rayed part and the caudal fin have a black border. The anterior spines of the ventral and anal fin are strikingly white. The lateral line organ extends (in many umbers) to the caudal fin. At the back of the upper jaw there is a small (corner of the mouth) barb .
Fin formula : D1 X, D2 I / 23-26, A II / 7-9
The sea raven can be over 20 years old and 70 cm long.
Way of life
In the twilight it mainly hunts crabs and fish, whereby it moves remarkably slowly (it accomplishes this with undulations of the D2 " amiiform ", without flapping of the fins, and arouses astonishment in divers by its "motionless" pressing itself in danger and sinking into the sea grass ) - preferably between rocks, over sandy ground, in seagrass meadows, also in grottos. But it is known that it sometimes visits brackish water and even rises into rivers. The spawn is expelled in portions in late spring and summer; the eggs and larvae develop pelagically . The drum "choirs" which can be heard in summer (in the evening) serve for reproduction; As with the eagle fish , the swim bladder has many air-filled villi on the sides to reinforce the resonance.
use
Like other umbers, the large ear stones of the sea raven (corvina) were used earlier, in some cases still today (e.g. in Turkey) as amulets or pulverized (ingested) against kidney or bladder ailments, among others. Since it is a popular food and sport fish, attempts are currently being made to raise it in aquaculture systems , with artificial feed, etc.
literature
- Matthias Bergbauer, Bernd Humberg: What lives in the Mediterranean? 1999, Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, ISBN 3-440-07733-0
Individual evidence
Web links
- Meerrabe on Fishbase.org (English)