Bioacoustics

The bio-acoustics refers to the research field of animal sounds research. It includes the research of the organs, the generation of sounds and their functions, the sound events themselves as well as the hearing organs and their services. Bioacoustics deals with questions of sound properties and their origin as well as with the information processing of acoustic signals as well as their meaning and effect in the coexistence of animals. Different methods of sound recording and analysis are used. According to features can in evolutionary biology give indication of degrees of relationship, in behavioral research on behaviors .

history

The term bioacoustics, introduced by Albrecht Faber in 1942 and 1946 , established itself in the 1950s. In 1956 the International Committee on Biological Acoustics was founded at an international conference at Pennsylvania State University . It should serve the purpose of coordination and create central archives and exchange opportunities.

Sound formation in animals

The sound generation in animals takes place with different body parts.

Insects generate sounds through the frequency of flapping their wings when flying, through drumming with hard skeletal parts on the surface or with special tymbal organs . In addition, many speciescan generateaudible sounds and ultrasound through stridulation , the rubbing of parts of their chitinous shell together.

Birds sing as a syrinx designated voice head in the trachea, but also create different as the lute, woodpeckers drumming with his beak.

Fish drum with their swim bladder through synchronous contractions (= contracting two sounds to one sound) of the drum muscles.

Amphibians such as frogs can make sounds in the larynx (tracheolarynx) and have sound bubbles for amplification .

Most vertebrates that breathe air use their respiratory system to produce sounds, similar to human sound production.

literature

Günter Tembrock: bioacoustics, music and language. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1978.

Web links

tierstimmen.org: Animal voice archive of the Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Research at the Humboldt University Berlin with over 100,000 sound recordings
Macaulay Library - Animal Sound Archive of Cornell University , with over 175,000 sound recordings
Film / Video: wdr.de: Operation Dolittle - Out and about with animal sound researchers ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), science documentation, Germany 2013, 45 minutes, script: Uli Pförtner
Hubertus Breuer, badische-zeitung.de: Sound concert is intended to break down the state of the animal world . Badische Zeitung , January 17, 2015

Individual evidence

↑ Hansjörg Groenert: Bioacoustics and Communication. Hansjörg Groenert on userpages.uni-koblenz.de, accessed on June 19, 2016 .
↑ Hansjörg Groenert: phonation. Hansjörg Groenert on userpages.uni-koblenz.de, February 20, 1997, accessed on June 19, 2016 .

[1] Hansjörg Groenert: Bioacoustics and Communication. Hansjörg Groenert on userpages.uni-koblenz.de, accessed on June 19, 2016 .

[2] Hansjörg Groenert: phonation. Hansjörg Groenert on userpages.uni-koblenz.de, February 20, 1997, accessed on June 19, 2016 .