State High School Birkenruh

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Main building (2018)

The Landesgymnasium Birkenruh was a famous school in the 19th century near Wenden in the Livonia Governorate of the Russian Empire.

School history

In 1826, the pedagogue Albert Hollander acquired the "Höfchen" Birkenruh (Lat. Bērzaine) on the outskirts of Wenden and relocated his teaching and educational institution there. Hollander, who studied in Germany and got to know Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's institute in Yverdon-les-Bains , organized the school according to its principles. In 1837 it was expanded into a grammar school . Hollander himself ran the grammar school until 1861 and handed it over to his son-in-law Martin Löffler, who had been a teacher in Birkenruh from 1839 to 1846. His son Albert Löffler was director of the school from 1869 to 1882. By 1882 there were a total of 212 teachers and 1,166 students.

The Livonian Knighthood took over the school in 1882 as the Livonian State High School Emperor Alexander II and built the current school building. The grammar school had a very good reputation and was attended by many later famous Baltic Germans . When German was banned as the language of instruction in the Baltic Sea Governments from 1892 , the grammar school was closed. 363 students had attended it. Only reopened in the year after the Russian Revolution in 1905 , it existed until 1915, when it was finally closed during the First World War .

Facilities

Livonian State High School

Status 1892

  • Student library - taken over from the Birkenruher private school, to supplement each student had to pay 7 rubles upon entry; in the first year, 784 rubles came together. At last it consisted of 809 volumes. In addition, there was the Russian reading library founded in 1887 by senior teacher Fedorov. At last it consisted of 260 works in 300 volumes.
  • Physical Cabinet - established in the first year, granted 1,500 rubles, most recently 166 instruments and apparatus.
  • Meteorological station - founded in 1883, small weather station and 5 devices. The secondary school students had to make and note down the observations daily, following the instructions of the head teacher of mathematics.
  • Mineral cabinet - in 1884 through a rich donation from Mr. Vegesack-Raiskum justified; enriched by various donations (Arthur Baron Wolff, A. Baron Pahlen), most recently approx. 400 numbers.
  • Herbaria collection - created in 1886/87, growth through donation of foreign plants from the former student B. v. Mengden.
  • Natural history cabinet - initially only a few bad specimens of stuffed birds, proper justification only in 1887 by the senior prime minister Gottfried Karl Ischreyt (later ophthalmologist), extensive egg collection by Harald von Loudon .
  • Music collection - came in part from the Birkenruher private school, supplemented by an annual contribution of 35 rubles, lastly comprised 453 numbers (3 for piano, 64 for voice, 12 for organ, 47 for violin and orchestra. 1 organ, 1 concert grand, 2 Practice pianos, 1 bass tuba, 1 violoncello, 1 bassoon, 1 clarinet, 1 oboe, 2 double basses, 2 triangles, 6 instruments for children's symphony , 6 drums).

After the dissolution

During the First World War from 1915, after the Great Retreat until 1917, the building housed the headquarters of the Russian 12th Army . The building was then used again for various schools. Today there is a boarding school -Volkschule for asthmatic children.

Teacher

student

literature

in order of appearance

  • Albert Hollander : About the educational institution to Birkenruh . Riga 1850.
  • Albert Löffler: The teaching and educational institution Birkenruh. A memorial sheet for the 50j. Jubilation . Riga 1875 ( digitized ).
  • Annual report on the existence and activities of the Emperor Alexander II grammar school in Birkenruh near Wenden . WF Häcker, Riga 1882.
  • Friedrich Bienemann : In memoriam. Looking back at the Livonian state high school Kaiser Alexander II zu Birkenruh. At the same time as the last report on the existence of the institution. Along with three side dishes. WF Häcker Riga 1892 ( digitized version ).
  • Alexander Bergengruen: The farewell greetings from our state high schools . In: Baltic Monthly Journal, vol. 40, 1893, pp. 245–263.
  • Album of former teachers and students of the Livonian high school Emperor Alexander II in Birkenruh . St. Petersburg 1903. ( digitized version ).
  • Carl Kröger: Birkenruher Album, 1825–1892, 1906–1910. Edited from the very beginning and continued to the present day . Grothuss, Riga 1910.
  • Leon Goertz: Contributions to the history of the Baltic boarding schools . In: Work of the Second Baltic Historians' Day on Reval 1912 . Reval 1932. pp. 195-216 ( digitized ).
  • Felix von Schroeder: The Livonian State High School Birkenruh near Wenden and its students 1906–1915: The Progymnasium in Wenden . 1966
  • Felix von Schroeder: Livonian State High School Birkenruh 1906–1915. Descriptions and judgments of former students . 1959.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Baltic legal dictionary : Höfchen: A country house with small lands without associated farmers, sometimes only consisting of a house with a garden or park, located near a town
  2. ↑ a b c d Historical overview on the page of today's high school
  3. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Löffler, Johann Martin. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  4. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Löffler, Albert. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital