Muskrat flowers

Muskrat flowers
	Fragrant muskrat ( Amberboa moschata )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Carduoideae
Tribe :	Cynareae
Sub tribus :	Centaureinae
Genre :	Muskrat flowers
Scientific name
	Amberboa
	Vaill.

The muskrat flowers ( Amberboa ) form a small genus of plants in the subfamily of the Carduoideae within the family of the Asteraceae . The botanical genus name is derived from a genus name from the time before Linnaeus: Amberboi Vaillant, he is quoted by Carl von Linné in his original publication of the genus Centaurea .

description

Amberboa species are annual or biennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 20 to 70 centimeters, depending on the species. In contrast to many genera of the Cynareae tribe, they are not thorny. The upright stems are mostly branched from near the base. The alternate, basal and distributed leaves on the stem are stalked or sessile; the top ones are smaller. The leaf margins are whole, toothed or lobed. The leaf surfaces are tomentose and dotted with tiny glands.

The cup-shaped inflorescences are single and terminal. The inflorescence stalks are slender. The egg-shaped basket shell has a diameter of 12 to 16 millimeters. In some rows are arranged like a roof tile, the bracts , which have a dry-skinned, brown edge and the inner with tips, which have dry-skinned, brown and whole-edged or thorny appendages. The basket bottom is flat. The chaff leaves are flattened, bristle-shaped scales. The flower heads contain many flowers with pink to purple or white to yellow petals . As with all Carduoideae, in contrast to the other subfamilies, only tubular flowers are present. The tubular florets at the edge are asexual, sterile , zygomorphic and enlarged and end with five corolla lobes. The inner tubular flowers are fertile and have radial symmetry . The anthers are tailed and have appendages.

The compressed achenes and have ribbed surfaces and rising, long hair. The perennial pappus consists of a few rows of many narrow, not overgrown scales, seldom missing.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Amberboa belongs to the subtribe Centaureinae from the tribe Cynareae in the subfamily of the Carduoideae within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). Amberboa is not more closely related to Centaurea than any other genera within the Centaureinae; it forms a sister group to the other Centaureinae in the family trees.

The generic name was published by Sébastien Vaillant as Amberboi in 1719, before the appearance of Linnés Species Plantarum in 1753, the starting point of the valid botanical nomenclature, and then appeared posthumously in a German translation of the French original in 1754 . Greuter, Agababian and Wagenitz (2005) came to the conclusion that it would be more advantageous to recognize this translation as valid in terms of nomenclature. That is why Amberboa becomes Vaill. , an orthographic form preserved at a later point in time, stated as valid in more recent Floren and the homonym Amberboa (Pers.) Less, recognized in older works and published in 1832 . discarded.

In Amberboa only comes chromosome base number of x = 16 before, during Centaurea contrast of x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 15. Morphologically , the different Amberboa only slightly from the multiform Centaurea .

The original distribution area of the genus Amberboa extends from the Mediterranean to Central Asia . Some species are used as ornamental plants and have become overgrown in some areas.

The genus Amberboa includes six to ten species:

Amberboa amberboi (L.) Tzvelev : It occurs in Iran, Turkmenistan, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Amberboa bucharica Iljin : It is common in Central Asia.
Amberboa glauca (Willd.) Grosch. : It iswidespreadfrom Turkey to the Caucasus .
Amberboa iljiniana Grossh. : It iswidespreadin Transcaucasia , the Caspian region and Iran .
Fragrant muskrat ( Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. , Syn .: Centaurea moschata L. , Centaurea imperialis hort.): Wild forms are known from Turkey and Armenia . It has been cultivated as an ornamental plant since the 17th century.
Amberboa nana Ilyin : The homeland is Armenia.
Amberboa odorata DC.
Amberboa sosnovskyi Ilyin : It is common in the Caucasus.
Amberboa turanica Ilyin : It is widespread in the Caucasus.

For example, the following no longer belong to the genus Amberboa :

Centaurea albonitens Turrill (Syn .: Amberboa carthamoides DC. )
Volutaria crupinoides (Desf.) Maire (Syn .: Amberboa libyca Alavi )

swell

David J. Keil: Amberboa. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 172 (English). (engl.)

Individual evidence

↑ Alfonso Susanna, Nuria Garcia Jacas, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis: Phylogenetic relationships in tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) based on ITS sequences. In American Journal of Botany. Volume 82, No. 8, 1995, pp. 1056-1068, doi: 10.2307 / 2446236 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Werner Greuter, Mariam V. Agababian, Gerhard Wagenitz: Vaillant on Compositae - systematic concepts and nomenclatural impact. In: Taxon. Volume 54, No. 1, 2005, pp. 149-174, doi: 10.2307 / 25065315 .
^ Sébastien Vaillant : New characteristics of three classes of plants with composite flowers, namely: the Cynarocephalarum, those with artichoke heads. Corymbiferarum bearing compound, disc-shaped flowers. Cichoracearum, wegwartartiger ( translated from the French by Wolf Balth. Adolph von Steinwehr). In: The Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris anatomical, chemical and botanical treatises. Volume 5, pp. 143-194, here: p. 182 digitalisat .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore) Amberboa. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin from 2006.
^ ^A ^b Amberboa in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Muskrat flowers - collection of images, videos, and audio files

[Susanna+al1995-1] Alfonso Susanna, Nuria Garcia Jacas, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis: Phylogenetic relationships in tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) based on ITS sequences. In American Journal of Botany. Volume 82, No. 8, 1995, pp. 1056-1068, doi: 10.2307 / 2446236 .

[Greuter+al2005-2] Werner Greuter, Mariam V. Agababian, Gerhard Wagenitz: Vaillant on Compositae - systematic concepts and nomenclatural impact. In: Taxon. Volume 54, No. 1, 2005, pp. 149-174, doi: 10.2307 / 25065315 .

[Vaillant1754-3] Sébastien Vaillant : New characteristics of three classes of plants with composite flowers, namely: the Cynarocephalarum, those with artichoke heads. Corymbiferarum bearing compound, disc-shaped flowers. Cichoracearum, wegwartartiger ( translated from the French by Wolf Balth. Adolph von Steinwehr). In: The Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris anatomical, chemical and botanical treatises. Volume 5, pp. 143-194, here: p. 182 digitalisat .

[Euro+Med-4] Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore) Amberboa. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin from 2006.

[Grin-5] A ^b Amberboa in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.