Bischofshof (Worms)

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Bishop's court before it was destroyed in 1689
Luther before the Emperor 1521 - historicizing representation
Central elevation of the bishop's court in the 18th century
Floor plan of the baroque bishop's court

The bishop's court in Worms was the residence of the bishops of Worms in the city.

history

middle Ages

The medieval royal palace in Worms was located immediately north of the cathedral and was used by the bishops as a city residence from the late Middle Ages. It was within cathedral immunity . The complex consisted of a number of buildings that were built one after the other, had its own entrance to the cathedral in its north aisle and in the north of the area had its own church, the former Palatine Chapel, St. Stephan. The hall of the Bischofshof had been renovated - perhaps for the Reichstag in 1521 . The medieval complex was destroyed in the course of the Palatine War of Succession in 1689.

Baroque plants

Around 1719, plans for a new building began under Bishop Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg . The building site was moved to the west as far as possible, up to the medieval inner city wall. The forecourt thus gained was still very limited and even offered hardly any space for a representative driveway. The shell was completed in 1725 and in 1732 the new bishop's court was - at least in part - usable. However, this facility was severely damaged again by French troops as early as 1735 during the War of the Polish Succession . In the meantime Franz Georg von Schönborn had become bishop in Worms . His brother, Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn , Bishop of Würzburg , had an accomplished architect under contract with Balthasar Neumann , whom Franz Georg now borrowed. From 1738 Neumann took care of the rebuilding of the bishop's court, which was completed in 1744. Jacob Michael Küchel was also involved in the reconstruction .

The resulting castle was a broad, three-story building in the shape of an H. It was both a residential palace and an administrative building. On the front to the east, the front was accentuated by a five-axis central projection. The building had a mighty mansard roof . A large hall stretching over the first and second floors of the central projectile and half the depth of the building formed the center of the complex. The bishop's chapel took up the southwest corner and, starting from the ground floor, also extended over two floors. The stairwell was located in the west of the building. The bishop's representative and living quarters were on the first floor facing west across the entire width of the building. From 1740 there were ideas to expand the facility. Present plans are attributed to Balthasar Neumann. But they were not implemented.

Reuse

Historical view of the Heyl-Schlösschen
Cornelius Heyl together with Crown Prince Ludwig of Hessen-Darmstadt in front of the Heyl-Schlösschen 1882 (painting by Emil Hünten )
Heylshof

On January 20, 1794, French revolutionary troops burned the castle down. The 1801 fall of the diocese of Worms made reconstruction unnecessary. In 1805 Cornelius Heyl bought the site at auction , but sold parts of it on. He kept the central area with the ruins of the bishop's court and sold the demolition material. This area was then also used as a garden. After 1851 he bought back the area to the north of his property, on which a residential house had meanwhile been built. In 1867, on the occasion of the marriage of Cornelius Wilhelm von Heyl zu Herrnsheim to the Cologne banker's daughter Sophie Stein, it was modernized and expanded into an elegant city palace and henceforth called " Heyl-Schlösschen ". In the Second World War badly damaged it was rebuilt in only very reduced forms.

In the 1860s, the committee for the construction of a Luther memorial cast covetous glances at the property, as it was the authentic location of the event of 1521, which was the ideal location. However, the Heyl family refused to sell their property.

From 1881 onwards Heyl - his group of children had grown to five - built a large new building on the northern edge of the area. This building was also badly damaged in the Second World War and only rebuilt in reduced forms.

Structural remains

A cellar vault of the Bischofshof has been preserved under the Heylsgarten . It has the dimensions of 43 × 7.67 meters and a vault height of 4.66 meters. Today it lies under a layer of rubble several meters high. Damage from World War II was then patched up with cement.

Events

The bishop's court is said to have been the place where Martin Luther stood before Charles V in 1521 . At this point - today part of the Heyl'schen Garten - there is a memorial, “ Luther's Great Shoes ” and a modern information column, which reminds of the event.

In 1791, the bishop's court served Prince Ludwig V of Condé temporarily as a residence in his exile.

literature

  • Ferdinand Werner : The Luther monument and the Worms green spaces . In: Die Gartenkunst  24 (2/2012), pp. 223-259.
  • Ferdinand Werner: The forgotten residence. Balthasar Neumann, Jacob Michael Küchel and the Wormser Bischofshof . In: Dittmann, Lorenz u. a .: Languages ​​of Art = Festschrift for Klaus Güthlein on his 65th birthday. Wernerscher Verlag , Worms 2007. ISBN 978-3-88462-259-9 , pp. 127-138.
  • Ferdinand Werner: Of houses, country houses and villas . In the S. u. Gerold Bönnen : The von Heyl family of industrialists from Worms. Public and private work between the bourgeoisie and the nobility. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2010. ISBN 978-3-88462-304-6 , pp. 187-312.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Today: Schlossplatz 1, called "Heyl-Schlösschen".

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Werner: The forgotten residence , p. 127.
  2. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 128.
  3. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 130.
  4. ^ Werner: The forgotten residence , p. 129.
  5. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 130.
  6. ^ Werner: The forgotten residence , p. 130f.
  7. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 130.
  8. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 131.
  9. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 132.
  10. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 133.
  11. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 135.
  12. ↑ Werner: The forgotten residence , p. 135ff.
  13. ^ Werner: Von Wohnhäusern , p. 192.
  14. ^ Werner: Von Wohnhäusern , p. 195.
  15. ↑ Werner: Das Lutherdenkmal , p. 227.
  16. ↑ Werner: Das Lutherdenkmal , pp. 228–230.
  17. ^ Werner: Von Wohnhäusern , p. 201ff.
  18. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 137.
  19. ↑ Susanne Müller: In Search of Vault . In: Wormser Zeitung of February 28, 2019, p. 9.
  20. ^ Werner: The forgotten residence , p. 127.
  21. ↑ Werner: The Forgotten Residence , p. 137.

Coordinates: 49 ° 37 '50.6 "  N , 8 ° 21' 35.9"  E