Bismarck Tower (Lütjenburg)

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The Bismarck Tower in Lütjenburg in September 2015

The Bismarck tower Lütjenburg is located in Lütjenburg in the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein on the 60 m high, traditional Vogelberg, also known as Gojenberg - the highest point in the city of Lütjenburg. As early as 1719, the rifle, death and fire guild stipulated in Article 1: “The bird or Göye should be shot every Wednesday after Pentecost here on what is known as the Goyenberg.” The sails crossing in the Hohwacht Bay could be seen from the mountain - and steamships are observed. Ernst Willkomm remarked in 1850 in a walk on the Baltic Sea: "The area around Lütjenburg is rich in various wonderful views, especially from the bird's perch ."

background

Tower after reconstruction in 1913
The spire 2015
The spiral staircase
The viewing platform

To further improve the distance view, the tower replaced a wooden forerunner tower at the same location, which is said to have cost 1,415 marks and can be proven in a lithograph for 1864 as a square wooden tower with a protective roof over the platform for visitors or guards. This must have been built around 1860, as seen Cityscape Luetjenburg FT Kems of 1848 and Luetjenburg from the weather vein forged from 1850 still show a signal or watchtower as he previously similar to that of the Prussian army and Napoleon Bonaparte was used . Even the Varendorff map from 1798–1796 already shows him.

The Bismarck Tower Lütjenburg is the first of the eight Bismarck towers / columns in Schleswig-Holstein and is one of the first 17 of the 240 known Bismarck towers. The Bismarck tower Lütjenburg is one of the landmarks of Lütjenburg, is illuminated at night and can be climbed - with an entrance fee to be paid in the restaurant.

architecture

The Bismarck Tower Lütjenburg is a round tower 18.6 m high with a protruding viewing platform at the top, 1 ½ meters more than the Hessenstein . The 96 steps of a spiral staircase lead to the observation deck of the tower. Daylight falls into the stairwell through narrow windows at regular intervals. Fitted to the round tower is slightly lower, also tower-like building of square plan with a hipped roof and a structured extension with porch and a small round tower - both with dark beaver tail - roof tiles covered. The entire building was built from red bricks and natural stone ( granite ) in the historicist neo -Gothic style based on plans by Hugo Groothoff .

Building history and naming

The Lütjenburg Bismarck Tower was decided by the Lütjenburg Citizens' Association and Beautification Association, chaired by Senator Schneider, to build a lookout tower with a wider approach and balconies facing the city and the lake on March 16, 1897.

On June 26, 1897, the tower construction commission asked Mr. Lucca and Mr. Griebel to submit a shell of a tower with clinker facing within the cost margin of 10,000 Marks in drawing and cost accounting, while Mr. Schneider invited Mr. Hugo Groothoff to submit a cost estimate and a drawing of a tower according to the above Condition to deliver free of charge; Appointment 14 days. On October 4, 1897, the Hamburg architect Hugo Groothoff was returned the drawing and asked to produce a simpler drawing and a cost estimate.

On March 19, 1898, the General Assembly decided to carry out the architect's project, to start immediately with the tendering to local craftsmen and to set the completion date Pentecost of the year d. H. May 30, 1898 given. On June 21, 1898 it was decided to extend the 64 cm too narrow tour on the tower from to 90. A two to three week extension of the construction period and additional costs are approved. On July 13, 1898, the general assembly gave the master mason W. Lucca the building contract. On July 22nd, 1898 the committee decided that the leaseholder of the restaurant had to manage the tower, to keep it open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. from May 15 to October 15, and to take 10 pfennigs for every climb. On August 5, 1898 - six days after the death of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck - the final building decisions were made, such as installing shutters in the tower, a buffet for the inn, then a flag. The plan and cost estimate for the installation of a toilet still had to be submitted for approval. The tenant had to provide the inventory himself.

On August 23, 1898, the three bids for the lease of the inn were compared and the inn, which had to be furnished by the tower itself, was added to the highest bidder innkeeper A Hamm. He offered 850 marks for the period from completion to December 31, 1899 and 750 marks annually from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 1903. On August 27, 1898 we read: The construction of the tower on our Vogelberg will be completed by the end of this month be. The tower is 20 meters high. The lower part of the wall consists of rocks and the upper part of bricks. A hall is built on the east side, in which a bar will be built. The tavern is given to the innkeeper Hamm himself. The tenant also pays the entrance fee from the tower climbers (10 pfennigs per person)

On August 29, 1989, the tower construction committee decided to start the inauguration ceremony on September 2 in the afternoon at 5 a.m., and for this purpose the Mayor Ronneberg for the necessary opening speech, the innkeeper A. Hamm for the opening of the economy and music and the master saddler Adler for making one 4 m long flag to ask for the tower.

On Friday, September 2, 1898, Sedan Day, the tower was inaugurated and "was given the name Bismarck Tower in honor of the now immortalized great Chancellor." At around 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the gentlemen of the building committee, the shareholders and another audience gathered, including many women at the foot of the tower. The celebration was opened with a music lecture. The inauguration speech was given by the Mayor of Lütjenburg, Hermann Ronneberg (1893–1919): He thanked everyone who contributed to the creation of this beautiful building, especially the master builder Mr. Lucca, as well as the other builders and craftsmen, who were all guided by the endeavor to create a structure. That our city and its surroundings would be an ornament and that, as was to be expected, it would also lead to increased tourism and thus also serve the city to its material advantage.

The celebration of the actual Sedan Festival of the comrades-in-arms from 1870/71 had been postponed to September 4th. Their pageant started at 2 o'clock from Carl Riemenschneider's Hotel Stadt Kiel on the market in the direction of Vogelberg, near the double oak with the stone " Up eternally ungedled ", which was planted on March 24, 1898 for the 50th anniversary .

The name "Bismarck Thurm" for the observation tower can first be identified on a lithographic postcard from the publishing house of HO Schmidt Lütjenburg, which was posted in Lütjenburg on December 30, 1898 and arrived in Kiel on December 31, 1898 by post. According to the vegetation shown, its creation can be dated to September 1898 and shows the tower from the west and the city and the tower from the Michaeliskirche in the south.

On May 18, 1900, the general assembly of the Citizens' Association at Riemenschneider in the Hotel Stadt Kiel decided that the name “Bismarck Thurm” (in honor of Otto von Bismarck ) should be affixed “with iron letters” at the exit of the platform , for which the board made cost estimates to submit to the next General Assembly for a final decision. At the meeting on May 23, 1901, it was stated under point 6: The name Bismarck Tower is to be affixed to the tower in metal letters, the construction will be carried out by the master carpenter Griebel and master mason Lucca. Then on May 10, 1902 it was decided to refrain from affixing the inscription “Bismarck Thurm” in bronze letters to the tower itself. Instead, a Bismarck medallion should be placed over the entrance door. On May 19, 1903 we read "the purchased Bismarck bust in the amount of 29 marks is to be paid for from the cash register."

Financing and Ownership

The construction costs totaled 14,515.00 Reichsmarks, of which 640.00 RM went to the Hamburg architect Hugo Groothoff . On March 16, 1897, the Citizens' Association and Beautification Association founded a kind of stock corporation and had shares for 10 Reichsmark subscribed, which required payment when the tower was built and later had to be reimbursed from the proceeds and donations of the tower according to lot. While the meeting was still in progress, a sheet was circulated for drawing up the share certificates, and 221 notes at 10 marks were drawn. Then 2 citizens were elected for each of the four city quarters, who had to ask the citizens of their quarters to draw. On June 7th, 1898 the order was given to the printer JM Klopp to print 650 share certificates with serial numbers from 1-650 and to issue them against payment of the shares. 138 citizens of Lütjenburg and 1 resident of the Niedermühle bought shares. Noble representatives of the goods around Lütjenburg were not there. The income from climbing the tower and leasing the restaurant was so profitable that by January 24, 1899, the construction cost was paid up to RM 5,814 and by 1903 to RM 3,180.00.

On May 26, 1903, the shareholders applied for the building to be taken over by the city.

Description of the distance view

View over Lütjenburg
  • In 1898 Richter wrote in his tourist guide. “To the north, immediately above the city (Lütjenburg), the Vogelberg rises, which has recently been embellished by plantings. The view from here extends south over the city, east towards the train station, west towards the forests surrounding Lake Selenter and north towards the Baltic Sea. "
  • In 1904, the traffic indicator for Lütjenburg and the surrounding area reads: “In the north, fused with the city, the park-like, well-tended so-called Vogelberg rises with an 18 ½ meter high observation tower, which is named Bismarck Tower in honor of the former Chancellor, Prince Bismarck Has. From the tower you can enjoy a comprehensive, splendid view of the city surrounded by forests, the sea, livened up by ships, and the Wiesenthal of the Kossa River, criss-crossed by groups of trees. In the southeast you can see the distant, forest-covered ridge, crowned by the Bungsberg , which is 159 meters above sea level . You can also see the heights of the city of Oldenburg in Holstein and the island of Fehmarn . "

Public house

  • In 1898 an unheated dining room of around 20 m² was started in the tower. The rush of visitors was so great that beer tables soon had to be set up in front of the tower and awnings had to be added to protect them from the weather.
  • In 1913 the leaseholder H. Mathiesen had two glazed, flat and unheated verandas built, which tripled the number of guests inside.
  • In 1930, the tenant Heinrich Riemenschneider expanded the verandahs at his own expense for 30 years of lease freedom according to plans by the architect Ehmke-Kasch from Plön. The result was a “guest room for 100 people with large windows facing the southern slope, from where you have a wonderful view of the Ostholstein landscape and the inland lake and the Baltic Sea.” The installation of the heating system extended the opening times beyond the summer months. For a long time people talked about the "5 o'clock dance-tea-afternoons".
  • From 1947 the restaurant was expanded several times.
  • In 1964, the city representatives expanded the Bismarck Tower into a restaurant corresponding to the time with a guest room with 220 seats and a modern kitchen.
  • In 1976 the tower was repaired, some of the original neo-Gothic elements were lost.

Around the Bismarck Tower

  • Peace Oak :
    The Peace Oak
    To the southeast of the tower is a peace oak. The oak and the memorial stone with the inscription Friedens = Eiche 1871 are intended to commemorate the Franco-German War and the Peace of Frankfurt of May 10, 1871, in which Bismarck played an important role. The government vice-president in Schleswig, Karl Ludwig August Freiherr von Ende, propagated the planting of peace oaks in public papers and set stones with the inscription "Peace Oak 1870/71". Even before April 8, 1871, various places in Schleswig's Peace Oak were planted and stones were set. In the Plön district, the first plantings can be found in April in Ascheberg and Kleinmeinsdorf and in early May in Plön itself, Carpe, Dörnick and Hintere Wach. For Lütjenburg, the exact planting date and the origin of the oak are not yet documented.
  • Double oak with stone up eternally untangled 1848/98: On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the uprising against Denmark, the double oak donated by the Chamberlain von Buchwaldt Helmstorf was planted and the stone was set in the Tannenschlucht on March 24, 1898 .
  • Memorial :
  • Celtic tree circle from 2003 of the Gildemajestät on Vogelberg with the 22 different trees
  • Bird perch of the rifle guild

Owner or lessee of the inn

  • August Hamm. Innkeeper at Hamm's Gasthof, September 2, 1898 to December 31, 1903
  • Heinrich Matthiessen. Innkeeper from the Kaisersaal. December 1, 1904–1914, 1919 (?)
  • Fritz Wegner, son of a baker from Luetjenburg. Innkeeper from the Kaisersaal, 1919-1929
  • Heinrich Riemenschneider. Innkeeper at the Hotel Stadt Kiel am Markt, 1930-1939 and 1947-1951
  • Karl Heinz Riemenschneider (son of Heinrich Riemenschneider) runs the business from 1947 to 1951
  • The Sankowski couple, 1951–1964
  • Nico Johannsen from Kiel, 1964–1999
  • Anke and Christian Boll, 1999 – today

Significant visitors

swell

  • Jack Reese: Lookout and monument towers in Schleswig-Holstein. Ascheberg (Holstein) 2008. ( Information on the height ).
  • Friedrich Stender: The Bismarck Tower on the Vogelberg in Lütjenburg. In: Yearbook for local history in the Plön district. 18th year, 1988, pp. 31-42.

Web links

Commons : Bismarck Tower  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Trede: Chronicle of the city of Lütjenburg in Ostholstein. 1960, manuscript of the Lütjenburg City Archives.
  2. ↑ Friedrich Stender: The Bismarck Tower on the Vogelberg in Lütjenburg. In: Yearbook for local history in the Plön district. 18th year, 1988, p. 31.
  3. ↑ Ernst Willkomm: Hike on the Baltic Sea. Leipzig 1850.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Friedrich Stender. The Bismarck Tower on the Vogelberg in Lütjenburg. In: Yearbook for local history in the Plön district. 18th year, 1988, p. 33.
  5. ↑ J. Gottheil: Schleswig-Holstein. Album of the most excellent villages in the two duchies. Drawn from nature by J. Gottheil. Altona 1864, Lütjenburg .
  6. ↑ a b Olaf Klose, Lilli Martius: local views and city maps of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Neumünster 1862 text volume 7, p. 23; Photo book 8, pp. 292-294.
  7. ^ Gustav Adolf von Varendorff. Topographical military chart of the Duchy of Holstein (1789–1796) , sheet Lütjenburg-Selent / 23.
  8. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 1.
  9. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 9.
  10. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 12b.
  11. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 15.
  12. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 14.
  13. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 21.
  14. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 32.
  15. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt. August 27, 1898, Plön district archive.
  16. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 35.
  17. ↑ a b Plöner Wochenblatt. September 6, 1898, Plön district archive.
  18. ↑ from which Friedrich Stender erroneously concluded that the tower was officially named Bismarck tower only in the spring of 1900 and erroneously concluded: “Even after the establishment of the empire in Lütjenburg, because of the annexation of the country by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1867, the veneration of Bismarck was probably still quite restrained . ".
  19. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt. May 22, 1900, Plön district archive.
  20. ↑ Friedrich Stender: The Bismarck Tower on the Vogelberg in Lütjenburg. In: Yearbook for local history in the Plön district. 18th year, 1988, p. 34.
  21. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 38.
  22. ↑ a b City Archives Lütjenburg. File B3, sheet 40.
  23. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 41.
  24. ↑ a b City Archives Lütjenburg. File B3, sheet 36.
  25. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 1, 2.
  26. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 18.
  27. ^ Lütjenburg City Archives. File B3, sheet 3.
  28. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l DEHOGA-Lütjenburg-Hohwachter Bucht: On the trail of gastronomy in and around Lütjenburg. 1998, p. 6 u. 53-56.
  29. ^ FJ Richter: East Holstein. Tourist guide through eastern Holstein, the principality of Lübeck and the cities of Lübeck and Kiel. (= Judge's guide ). Hamburg 1898, p. 45.
  30. ^ Helmut Schultz: 80 years of the Lütjenburg-Hohwachter Bucht Hotel and Restaurant Association. 1989.
  31. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt. April 8, 1871, Plön district archive.
  32. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt. May 3, 6 and 10, 1871, Plön district archive.
  33. ↑ Plöner Wochenblatt. March 29, 1898, Plön district archive.

Coordinates: 54 ° 17 ′ 44.3 "  N , 10 ° 35 ′ 24.4"  E