Bitter herbs

Bitter herbs
	Common bitter herb ( Picris hieracioides ), illustration
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Cichorioideae
Tribe :	Cichorieae
Genre :	Bitter herbs
Scientific name
	Picris
	L.

The bitter herbs ( Picris ) form a genus of plants in the subfamily of the Cichorioideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

Illustration of common bitter herb ( Picris hieracioides ) from storm

Vegetative characteristics

The bitter herb species are annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 10 to 100 centimeters. They have rough, sometimes barbed hair. Some species form rhizomes .

Generative characteristics

The flower heads stand in gold-like inflorescences . The flower heads contain only 30 to 100 (or more) zygomorphic ray florets . The five mostly yellow petals are fused to form a tube at the base. The tongue ends in five corolla lobes.

The five to ten-ribbed achenes are 2.5 to 5 millimeters long and slightly curved. The pappus has two rows of feathery, snow-white pappus hairs.

Picris asplenioides , illustration

Picris burbidgeae

Common bitter herb ( Picris hieracioides )

Systematics

The genus Picris belongs to the subtribe Hypochaeridinae from the tribe Cichorieae in the subfamily Cichorioideae within the family Asteraceae . Synonyms for Picris are: Apargia , Microderis . The botanical genus name Picris is derived from the Greek word pikros for bitter (taste).

Types and distribution

The genus Picris is distributed almost worldwide. The main area of distribution is in the Mediterranean area . In Central Europe only the species common bitter herb , hawkweed bitter herb ( Picris hieracioides L. ) is found.

There are around 40 species of Picris (selection):

Picris amalecitana (Boiss.) Eig : It occurs in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Egypt.
Picris asplenioides L .: It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, on the Sinai Peninsula, in Israel and Jordan.
Picris bracteata Losa : It occurs in Spain.
Picris burbidgeae S. Holzapfel : It was first described from Australia.
Picris campylocarpa Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey.
Picris cupuligera (Durieu) Walp. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Spain.
Picris cyprica lacquer : It occurs in Cyprus and Turkey.
Picris cyrenaica (Pamp.) Lack : It occurs in Libya.
Common bitterweed , hawkweed bitterwort ( Picris hieracioides L. ): With several subspecies.
Picris hispanica (Willd.) PDSell : It occurs in Spain and North Africa.
Picris hispidissima (Bartl.) WDJKoch : It occurs in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and possibly also in Greece.
Picris mauginiana Pamp. : It occurs in Libya.
Picris olympica Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Picris pauciflora Willd. : She comes u. a. in Europe in southeastern France, on the Balkan Peninsula, on the Aegean islands, in Turkey and in the Crimea.
High bitter herb ( Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf. , Syn .: Picris altissima Delile , Picris sprengeriana auct.): It occurs in North Africa, South Europe, Southeast Europe and the Middle East.
Picris rivularis Pau : It occurs in Spain.
Picris scaberrima cast. : It only occurs in Italy.
Picris sinuata (Lam.) Lack : It occurs only in Algeria and Tunisia.
Picris sulphurea Delile : It occurs in Egypt and on the Sinai Peninsula.
Picris willkommii (Schultz Bip.) Nyman : It only occurs in southwestern Spain and Portugal.

The species of the genus Helminthotheca are no longer included in the genus Picris , including:

Helminthotheca comosa (Boiss.) Holub (Syn .: Picris comosa (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook. F. Ex BDJacks. , Helminthia comosa Boiss. )

Adderhead bitter herb , worm lettuce ( Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub , Syn .: Picris echioides L. , Helminthia echioides (L.) Juss. )

swell

John L. Strother: Picris. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 302 (English). , online. (engl.)
HH Allan: Flora of New Zealand. Volume I: Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons. Owen, Wellington 1961, reprinted 1982. ISBN 0-477-01056-3 . Picris online .

Individual evidence

↑ Picris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Picris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Bitter Herbs ( Picris ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

The genus Picris in the flora of Baden-Württemberg .

[GRIN-1] Picris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Euro+Med-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Picris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.