Pale iris
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Dalmatian iris ( Iris pallida subsp. Pseudopallida ) with Petteria ramentacea in its natural habitat in the high karst of Montenegro |
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| Iris pallida | ||||||||||||
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The pale iris ( Iris pallida ), also known as pale iris or dalmatian iris , is an endemic bearded iris of the coastal highlands of Dalmatia in Slovenia , Croatia , Montenegro and Herzegovina .
description
Iris pallida is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 50 to 80 cm. The upright stem is round and not very branched. The leaves are riding in two lines. The perigone is creamy white, sometimes with irregular, small purple dots and veined brown at the base. The beard is yellow on the outer perigone, the stamens as long as the anthers . The bracts are dry-skinned at the edge.
The pale iris contains the bicyclic triterpene iripallidal , which belongs to the same family as paclitaxel . The compound induces in various tumor cell lines apoptosis , acts anti- proliferative and inhibits the AKT / mTOR - and STAT3 signaling pathway. Iripallidal therefore has a high pharmacological potential, especially as a possible therapeutic agent for glioblastomas .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24, less often 20.
Occurrence and distribution
Iris pallida comes from the summer dry karst areas in Dalmatia , Montenegro , Herzegovina , Slovenia and Albania . Individual populations were also described from the Croatian interior. Iris pallida agg grows in nature . from the coast and the offshore islands to higher levels of the mountains (Orjen, Lovčen, Prokletije). It colonizes dry grassland and rocky locations in a sunny location.
The pale iris is widely cultivated today, including for perfume production in Italy and France.
Systematics
There are several subspecies, but some authors consider them to be separate species. In addition to the nominate form, these are:
- Iris pallida subsp. illyrica (Tomm. ex Vis.) K. Richt: It occurs from north-eastern Italy to the north-western Balkan peninsula.
- Iris pallida subsp. cengialti (Ambrosi) Foster : It occurs in northern Italy.
- Iris pallida subsp. pallida : It occurs originally from northeastern Italy to the northwestern Balkan peninsula.
- Iris pallida subsp. pseudopallida : It is also used as a synonym for Iris pallida subsp. illyrica posed.
A closely related but independent species is the orjen iris ( Iris orjenii ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinz-Dieter Krausch : Imperial crown and peonies red ... Discovery and introduction of our garden flowers. Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-935549-23-7 .
- ↑ Bożena Mitić, Toni Nikolić, Zlatko Liber: Morphological and anatomical relationships in Alpine-Dinaric populations of the genus Iris L., Pallidae series (A. Kern.) Trinajstić (Iridaceae). In: Acta Soc. offered Poloniae. Volume 69, No. 4, 2000, pp. 285-291.
- ↑ N. Koul et al .: Bicyclic triterpenoid Iripallidal induces apoptosis and inhibits Akt / mTOR. (PDF; 2.1 MB). In: BMC Cancer . Volume 10, 2010, p. 328. doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2407-10-328 ( Open Access )
- ^ Tropicos. (tropicos.org)
- ^ B. Mitic: Karyological analysis of some populations of the species Iris pallida, I.illyrica and I.pseudopallida (Iridaceae). In: Acta Botanica Croatica. 1991, p. 50.
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Iris - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on October 5, 2016.
- ↑ C. Bräuchler, P. Cikovac: Iris orjenii (Iridaceae), a new species from the littoral Dinaric Alps. In: Willdenowia. Volume 37, No. 1, 2007, pp. 221-228. doi: 10.3372 / wi.37.37112
