Buckwheat
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Atraphaxis billardieri, illustration |
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The atraphaxis ( Atraphaxis ) is a genus of about 25 species from the family of Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae), as shrubs growing. The range of the species extends from Central and West Asia over southern Russia to the Mediterranean Sea. Some species are used as ornamental plants in steppe and rock gardens.
description
The buckwheat species grow as deciduous, low and heavily branched shrubs with bare, thorny or unproven branches. The herbaceous, less than annual branches have leaves and flowers. The leaves are alternate or rarely arranged in clusters. They are almost sessile and have a simple leaf blade. The membranous joint sheaths are clearly formed, have two veins and are divided into two at the tip.
The flowers are hermaphroditic and grow loosely or densely in the leaf axils of racemose inflorescences at the ends or sides of the branches. The flower stalks are thin and articulated. The inflorescence is simple, clearly veined, four or five parts and arranged in two circles. The outer bracts are smaller than the inner ones and clearly turned back and free to the ground. The two to three inner bracts are straight and enclose the fruit. Six to eight stamens are formed. The stamens expand towards the base and unite in a glandular ring. The ovary is superordinate, compressed like a lens or has a triangular cross-section. The two to three styluses are short, the stigmas are arranged upside down. The fruits are 4 millimeters long, egg-shaped, two or three-edged, glossy brown nuts with almost wing-like edges.
distribution
The approximately 25 species grow in the steppes of Central, Southwest and North Asia and in the Mediterranean region in southern Europe and in northern Africa.
Systematics
Buckwheat ( Atraphaxis ) is a genus in the knotweed family (Polygonaceae). There it is assigned to the subfamily Polygonoideae of the tribe Polygoneae. The genus was first described by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 .
The following species are recognized in PlantList:
- Atraphaxis angustifolia Jaub. & Spach : It occurs in Azerbaijan.
- Atraphaxis aucheri Jaub. & Spach
- Atraphaxis avenia botsch.
- Atraphaxis badghysi cult.
- Atraphaxis billardieri Jaub. & Spach : It occurs in Greece, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Armenia, Georgia and Daghestan .
- Atraphaxis bracteata Losinsk. : It occurs in China and Mongolia.
- Atraphaxis canescens Bunge : It occurs in Kazakhstan and Xinjiang .
- Atraphaxis caucasica (Hoffm.) Pavlov : It occurs in Armenia and Georgia.
- Atraphaxis compacta Ledeb. : It occurs in Asiatic Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Xinjiang.
- Atraphaxis daghestanica (Lovelius) Lovelius : It occurs in the Caucasus.
- Atraphaxis decipiens Jaub. & Spach : It occurs in Kazakhstan and Xinjiang .
- Small shrubby buck wheat ( Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) K.Koch ): It occurs in European Russia, Siberia, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, China and Mongolia.
- Atraphaxis grandiflora Willd. : It occurs in Turkey.
- Atraphaxis intricata Mozaff.
- Atraphaxis irtyschensis Chang Y.Yang & YLHan : It occurs in northern Xinjiang.
- Atraphaxis karataviensis Pavlov & Lipsch.
- Atraphaxis kopetdagensis Kovalevsk.
- Atraphaxis laetevirens (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach : It occurs in Kazakhstan, Asian Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang and Mongolia.
- Atraphaxis macrocarpa Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika
- Atraphaxis manshurica Kitag. : It occurs in China.
- Atraphaxis muschketovii Krasn. : It occurs in Kazakhstan .
- Atraphaxis pungens (M.Bieb.) Jaub. & Spach : It occurs in Kazakhstan, Asian Russia, China, Mongolia and maybe also in India.
- Atraphaxis pyrifolia Bunge : It occurs in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Xinjiang .
- Atraphaxis rodinii message .
- Atraphaxis seravschanica Pavlov : It occurs in Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan .
- Thorny buckwheat ( Atraphaxis spinosa L. ): It occurs in southern European Russia, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey, in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Caucasus region, in Central Asia, Xinjiang and Mongolia.
- Atraphaxis suaedifolia Jaub. & Spach
- Atraphaxis teretifolia (Popov) Com.
- Atraphaxis virgata (rule) Krasn. : It occurs in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Xinjiang, Asian Russia and Mongolia.
use
The species are mostly only used as hobby plants in stone and steppe gardens. They are characterized by their long-lasting flowering.
proof
literature
- Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 328 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 120-121.
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 120
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bao Bojian, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina: Atraphaxis in Flora of China , Volume 5, p. 328
- ↑ a b c Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , p. 120
- ↑ a b c d e f g atraphaxis. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed August 10, 2017 .
- ↑ Atraphaxis. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 13, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d P. Uotila, 2017: Polygonaceae . Datasheet Atraphaxis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ a b German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 121
