Bonifati Mikhailovich Kedrov

Bonifatij Mikhailovich Kedrov ( Russian Бонифатий Михайлович Кедров ; born November 27 ^{. Jul} / 10. December 1903 ^greg. In Yaroslavl , † 10. September 1985 in Moscow ) was a Russian philosopher and historian of science . His studies in the history of chemistry have received worldwide recognition and have been translated into numerous languages.

Life

Kedrow came from a humble background from a family close to the Bolsheviks , and in his youth he mostly encountered the romantic side of the revolution. He read Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and worked for the newspaper Pravda while studying . Despite his political convictions, he chose research and not a career in the party. From 1922 he taught chemistry and especially physical chemistry. In 1930 and 1931 he was the executive director of the Institute of Chemistry at Moscow State University. During this time he also attended lectures on philosophy. 1935 defended his thesis on Gibbs Paradox .

From 1935 he was a scientific advisor to the Central Committee of the KPDSU . In 1938, Kedrow experimented and conducted a study on the viscosity of rubber solutions. From 1938, this led him to work as a chemist in his hometown of Jaroslaw in the local tire factory, which later became important for armaments in World War II, in which he only actively participated until 1941 and was postponed due to injuries and a lung disease.

From 1945 he was deputy director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . In 1946 he defended his doctoral thesis in philosophy with the title The Atomistics of Daltons and their Philosophical Significance . From 1946 to 1958, Kedrov worked as a professor of dialectical and historical materialism at the Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences of Moscow State University. From 1947 he published the magazine philosophy . From 1962 to 1974 he was director of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences and Technology at MSU. 1960 to 1970 he was involved as editor of the Soviet encyclopedia of philosophy . Kedrov died after a long illness on September 10, 1985 and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

In 1960 he became a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . Kedrow was also a member of numerous foreign academies and scientific societies, such as the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (each appointed in 1972).

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In addition to general Marxist-philosophical studies of the sciences and their classification, he dealt with the history of chemistry in particular with Dalton and Josiah Willard Gibbs and especially the Gibbs paradox about entropy of mixed gases, with which Max Planck , Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , Van der Waals, Erwin Schrödinger , Albert Einstein . Kedrow himself approached the problem philosophically.

Since 1930, Kedrov also dealt with Engels' dialectic of nature . His collected writings were published in 1973.

Fonts

Three Aspects of Atoms (1969).
- The first part of the trilogy deals with the "Gibbs Paradox". Here Kedrow tries to solve the paradox he showed the possibility of the revocation rule on the "phases" Gibbs and formulated from it a general law about the variability of thermodynamic systems.
- The second part of the trilogy deals with The Teachings of Dalton . This historical perspective includes not only his own articles on Dalton's atomistics and Kedrov's diploma and doctoral theses, but also approaches from the then current research and their predecessors: Lomonossov or Lavoisier .
- Finally, the third part of the trilogy is an examination of Mendeleev from logical and historical aspects. The volume contains analyzes, especially on the way in which the periodic table of the elements was created .
Atomchemie , Atomiedat Publishing House, Moscow, 1977

Classification of the sciences . German by Lili Keith and L. Pudenkowa. Two volumes.

I .: Investigations of pre-Marxist conceptions on the problem of science classification from antiquity to Engels.
II .: History of the problems of the classification of the sciences since the middle of the previous century. Published by Moscow: Verlag Progress, 1975.
In German Classification of the Sciences (Akademie-Verlag) 1976

About Engels' work "Dialekitik der Natur" Berlin. Dietz, 1954

Connection of Angel's work on natural dialectics with Hegel's natural philosophy and logic , in: Hegel-Jahrbuch, 1976, pp. 437–451.

Changing knowledge organization, decimal classification, thesaurus questions

with MA Dynnik, MT Jowtschuk (editor): History of Philosophy . Berlin. German publishing house of the sciences 1959.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME	Kedrow, Bonifati Mikhailovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Kedrow, Bonifatij Michailowitsch; Кедров, Бонифатий Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Russian philosopher and historian of science
DATE OF BIRTH	December 10, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH	Yaroslavl
DATE OF DEATH	September 10, 1985
Place of death	Moscow