Bruehl Palace (Młociny)
| Bruehl Palace | ||
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 Front view |
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| Creation time : | 1752 | |
| Castle type : | palace | |
| Conservation status: | Reconstructed | |
| Place: | Warsaw | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 18 ′ 31 ″ N , 20 ° 56 ′ 14 ″ E | |
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The Brühl Palace in today's Warsaw district of Młociny is a rural castle on the embankment of the Vistula . It is located about 15 kilometers north of the city center, the address is Ulica Muzealna 1. The palace was built for Heinrich von Brühl and later also served as his son's residence. Together with the surrounding park, it was placed under monument protection on July 1, 1965 (No. 646/1 and 646/2). The property is now in private hands, is not used and is in great need of renovation.
history
The late baroque palace was one of several residences of the Saxon minister Heinrich von Brühl, who was the most influential advisor to the Saxon-Polish kings in Warsaw . The property, located outside Warsaw at the time, with its surrounding forests, was used by Brühl as a weekend and hunting home.
Construction and heyday
The area was acquired by Brühl in 1748. The Saxon Prime Minister had the castle built by Johann Friedrich Knöbel near the Vistula between 1752 and 1758 . Since the property was surrounded by a spacious French-style park, also created by Knöbel , it was soon referred to as the “Wilanów of the North” with reference to Wilanów Castle, which is located on the Vistula south of the city . The palace, now forgotten, was a well-known location for big balls and hunts in the second half of the 18th century. Bison, wild boar, roe deer and fallow deer were kept in enclosures for hunting. There was also a pheasantry .
After his wedding in 1760, Brühl's son, the Warsaw Starost Alois Friedrich von Brühl , moved into the building with his wife Marianna Klementyna Potocka. In 1781 the park was redesigned by Johann Christian Schuch in the English landscape style and in 1786 the palace was rebuilt by Szymon Bogumil Zug . Various pavilions were also built in the park at that time. At the time of the Brühls, many high-ranking personalities were always guests in the property, including the kings August III of Saxony and Stanislaw August Poniatowski . In addition to many other festivities, a glamorous banquet was given in the Brühl Palace on August 27, 1765 on the anniversary of the coronation of Stanislaus II and in 1768 the Masonic Lodge held its midsummer festival here with fireworks.
The time after Count Brühl
Because Alois von Brühl moved to his Saxon property, Pförten , the facility was sold to Michał Starzeński in 1790. From 1820 the property belonged to the Poths family from Württemberg. Due to the high maintenance costs for the complex, the family was forced to sell the palace to two Warsaw entrepreneurs, philanthropists and bank partners, Hipolit Wawelberg and Stanisław Rotwand in 1876 . For the next twenty years, the palace served the owner families as a holiday resort. In 1891 the family member Henryk Wawelberg died in the palace.
From 1896 to 1906 the palace changed hands several times. In 1898 there were major structural changes that incorporated classicist forms. The roofs were redesigned, additional windows and a garden terrace were installed. The park was redesigned several times in the 19th century and was not preserved. At the beginning of the 20th century it was reorganized - presumably by Stanisław Rutkowski .
In 1906 the castle in Młociny was bought by three partners. One of them was Antoni Stefan Grodzicki. He died in 1919 and his property passed to his two children, Irena Żeglińska and Stefan Kazimierz Grodzicki. Under them the palace was rented. Presumably from this time a restaurant was set up here, which is said to have been in operation until 1939. Guests arrived on a boat that could moor on its own dock.
post war period
The palace was destroyed during the Second World War and rebuilt between 1947 and 1949. As a result, the Ethnological Museum (then called Muzeum Kultur Ludowych ) was housed here until it was given a new domicile in the early 1960s. The palace remained in the possession of the Polish Academy of Sciences until the 1990s . After the heirs had received the property back, they sold it to Sławomir Tomaszewski, the honorary president of the Austrian forum "Polonia". The new owner planned an urgently needed renovation of the palace in connection with the construction of nine modern apartment buildings in the park. The corresponding building application was initially approved by the building authority. After the newspaper Rzeczpospolita broached the issue of the controversial building permit at the beginning of 2006, the licensing officer in the building office was dismissed and the permit was revoked. Both the building authority and the town hall declined further discussions with the owner.
today
In the middle of 2008 the palace was sold to the Warsaw lawyer Sylwester Gardocki (partner of the law firm "Gardocki i Partnerzy"). The new owner plans to take up residence in the building. In mid-2009, he first had a stable fence built around the approximately 13,000 square meter property. This fence also encompasses the large castle park to the foot of the Vistula embankment and cuts through the bicycle and hiking trail that has previously run here. This makes it particularly difficult to access the summer ferry service to Łomianki . So far, no building application for a renovation of the building has been submitted. In the summer of 2010, archaeological excavations were carried out in the park at the behest of the city.
Architecture and condition
The building ensemble consists of the palatial main building and two side buildings facing each other. The arrangement creates a small court of honor . The buildings were erected at the same time. The three units each have a rectangular floor plan, the palace is provided with reliefs . The buildings are bricked and the roof structures are each made of wood. The sheet metal roof of the single-storey palace is worked out to form two lateral, tower-like pointed roofs. The side buildings have mansard roofs . The main entrance consists of a portico supported by six columns. The tympanum contains a crown-covered coat of arms and is also decorated with plant reliefs. The palace is adorned by a frieze surrounding the building, which is now badly damaged . A semicircular terrace extends to the slopes of the Vistula. The main river of the Vistula is about 200 meters away, but depending on the water level, side arms can form at a distance of 100 meters.
The palace bears two annual dates: MDCCXLVII (1747, the alleged start of construction) and MDCCCXCVIII (1898, the date of the major - classical - renovation). The front part of the palace has been partially restored, the back facing the Vistula is in urgent need of renovation. The condition of the two side buildings is average. The (southern) annex on the left has been preserved in its original form (the late Baroque style is interrupted here by subsequently added classicist elements); it is slightly larger than its counterpart to the north, which was destroyed in the war and reconstructed in a purely late baroque form.
Trivia
In a historical novel ( The Governor of Warsaw ) written by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski in the early 1880s , the life of Alois Friedrich von Brühl and his first wife Marianna Klementyna Potocka in the palace is described.
References and comments
- ↑ Zygmunt Vogel , original title: Widok Młocin , 1803, watercolor, 48 × 65.8 cm, National Museum Warsaw
- ↑ There are various details about the construction date, construction may have started as early as the end of the 1740s
- ↑ a b c d acc. Regionalne Stowarzyszenia Promocji Łomianek (ed.), Ewa Pustoły-Kozłowska (editorial director): Z Burakowa do pałacu w Młocinach ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Spacerownik po Łomiankach. (spacer 2), p. 20ff. (in Polish)
- ↑ Descendants of Jerzy Fryderyk Poths (1750–1806), a merchant and banker ennobled in 1790, according to Jerzy S. Majewski and Tomasz Ursykowski, Cmentarze ewangielickie ( Memento of the original from June 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.4 MB) in the series Spacerownik 2007 , serial no.28 at Gazeta.pl Warszawa
- ^ Hipolit Wawelberg (1843–1901) was a Polish banker of Jewish descent, partner in the Hipolit Wawelberg banking house on Warsaw's Ulica Fredry and in Petersburg
- ^ Stanisław Rotwand (1839-1916) was a Polish lawyer and entrepreneur
- ^ Henryk Wawelberg (1813-1891) was the Polish-Jewish founder of the Wawelberg banking empire
- ↑ a b according to Maciej Szczepaniuk: Pałac Brühla na Młocinach Pałacyk Brühla znalazł mecenasa . at ZycieWarszawy.pl from June 10, 2008 (in Polish)
- ↑ according to BF, Koparki przed Pałacem Brühla. “To tylko prace archeologiczne” ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at TvnWarszawa.pl from May 7, 2010 (in Polish)
- ^ The governor of Warsaw. German translation by Kristiane Lichtenfeld. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-7466-1311-6 . (Title of the original edition: Starosta Warszawski (obrazy historyczne z XVIII wieku). )
See also
literature
- Julius A. Chroscicki, Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw. 1st edition. Arkady, Warsaw 1978, pp. 174f.
