Brandvorwerk

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The Brandvorwerk around 1850, on the right the Gosenthal restaurant, on the left the Feldschlößchen

The Brandvorwerk was a hamlet one and a half kilometers south of old Leipzig . In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was known beyond Leipzig for its popular excursion restaurants. Brandvorwerkstrasse and Brandstrasse in Leipzig are still reminiscent of the place.

history

In the Middle Ages, the village of Lusitz existed south of Leipzig, whose mill was transferred by the sovereign to the nuns of the Cistercian convent of St. Georg in Leipzig in 1241 . In 1248 those other 16 Hufen received land and thus probably the entire district of the place where they have exercised the manorial rule since then. At the end of the 14th century Lusitz fell in desolation . As a replacement, the monastery installed a yard : "the nuns' sheepfold". Parts of the field were leased to Leipzig farmers . The Vorwerk was about one and a half kilometers south of Leipzig's Peterstor east of the old raft ditch on what was then Brandweg in the direction of Connewitz and spread out roughly on the square between today's Mahlmannstrasse, August-Bebel-Strasse, Arndtstrasse and Schlegelstrasse.

After the dissolution of the nunnery as a result of the Reformation , the city of Leipzig acquired its property in 1543. The Barbican has since had a special legal status: Outside the urban soft image (the city right border) area, it occupied while the district of a village, but was de jure not complete. So its residents were legally subordinated to the Leipziger Landstube. However, the Leipzig council sold the property, including the corridor, as a fiefdom to wealthy townspeople, who were able to control and rule on it like manor owners.

The Vorwerk was initially called Berger, Thoming or Roth after its owners, before it was given its final name due to religious conflicts: at the end of the 16th century there were clashes with the Calvinists in Leipzig . These had the somewhat remote Vorwerk, which has meanwhile been given to the Calvin supporter Dr. Peter Roth belonged, used as a meeting place. On June 27, 1593, the Lutherans set the property to rubble and ashes by arson after disputes between the two parties had taken place on May 14. The estate was soon rebuilt, but was now popularly known as the fire vorwerk or, for short, the fire .

In 1594 the estate came into the possession of the Wirth family for six decades. Due to financial difficulties as a result of the 30 Years War , this sold a place next to the fire works in 1643. Another economy arose there , from which parts of the Leipzig city hall were cultivated. Since then, a distinction has been made between the front and rear fire. Another property built with two tenement houses in 1701 was the Drechsler Wiesengrundstück - the former nun's garden. The Gutsweiler Brandvorwerk consisted of these three parts until 1800.

The main property, the front fire, was acquired in 1655 by the university rector, professor of medicine and co-founder of German forensic medicine Gottfried Welsch (1618–1690). He had a tavern set up in 1679 to improve his income. When, at the beginning of the 18th century, walks in nature became fashionable among the bourgeois public, his daughter-in-law Catharina Magdalena Welsch financed a representative, large new building next to the farmyard in 1723, which better met the high demands of the townspeople. This excursion restaurant with concerts, beer garden, bowling alley, beer bars, dance hall and booths was a great success. It attracted so much audience that it was worthwhile for the owner of the rear brand to open a bar there too. In the 18th century, the Brandvorwerk was one of the most popular establishments in Leipzig. It was described in the books as a "Pleasant pastime of great and varied pleasure in the world-famous pleasure hall of the so-called Brandtvorwergs ohnweit Leipzig" (1745) and "Curieuse and very funny supplements of pleasant pastime and diverse pleasures in the famous pleasure hall of the so-called Brandtvorwergs ohnweit Leipzig ”(1749) extensively celebrated.

In 1775 the main estate passed to a distant relative of the Welschs: Johann Joachim Hennig. He succeeded in acquiring Drechsler's meadow property in 1789 and the rear fire in 1800, thus reuniting the fire front and corridor in one hand. In 1815 the Leipzig poet and publisher Siegfried August Mahlmann (1771–1826) bought the Brandvorwerk, in the agricultural part of which he tried out new cultivation methods to increase farm yields.

Mahlmann's heirs decided in 1839 to divide the district, including the real estate, into 18 parts and auction them off individually. The Ökonomiehof went to a family rule. The "Lustsaal" was renovated and reopened in 1844 under the name Gosenthal . Now the Gose popular in Leipzig was poured out there too . The rear tavern was named Feldschlößchen. Located between the two, the Brandbäckerei was expanded and, with its cake garden, became a third popular restaurant on the Brandvorwerk.

In 1834 the Leipzig council was instructed by the Saxon authorities to include the location and the corridor in the Leipzig home district. This delayed the trade fair city for decades for financial and political reasons. It was not until July 1st, 1856, and with increasing pressure from above, that the suburbs were incorporated. Around 1810 the Vorwerk had 58 inhabitants, around 1845 there were 87 inhabitants in five residential buildings, and according to the census of 1855 the Brandvorwerk had seven buildings with 25 households in which 110 inhabitants lived.

In 1860, the merchant Bernhard Hüffer (1824–1904) financed a Hoffmann ring oven on the Brandvorwerk , the second worldwide based on the Scholwiner model. Such firing technology revolutionized the brick industry at the time and made the building boom of the early days possible in the first place through mass production. Hüffer, who has also owned the Ökonomiehof since 1862, gave the go-ahead for the urban expansion of the fire marking with his development plan submitted in 1863. A large part of the locks and houses of today's Leipziger Südvorstadt , the district that ultimately emerged from the former "fire fields" and southern "city fields", consists of its bricks .

Today nothing can be seen of the fire-front building. The Feldschlößchen burned down in 1866, and the farmyard and bakery gave way to new buildings at the end of the 1870s. The last property to be rebuilt in 1904 was Gosenthal, which in the meantime had also been called Schubert's Ballhaus from 1885–1890 . Apart from two street names, nothing today reminds of the former excursion destination. A street parallel to August-Bebel-Strasse, which completely cuts through the former Brandfelder, was named Brandvorwerkstrasse after a resolution of July 25, 1868 , and since October 29, 1908, a street in Connewitz that leads in the direction of the former Brandvorwerk has been called Brandstrasse. Mahlmannstrasse , which has been so named since 1863, also has an indirect reference to the Brandvorwerk .

  • The fire bakery around 1860

  • The cake garden

  • The Gosenthal restaurant

  • The Gosenthal before the demolition in 1904

literature

  • Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z . PRO LEIPZIG, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-936508-03-8 , pp. 63 and 374
  • Outer Südvorstadt - A historical and urban study . PRO LEIPZIG 1998
  • Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk. A forgotten place and the beginnings of Leipzig's southern suburb . PRO LEIPZIG, Leipzig 2012, ISBN 978-3-936508-84-0

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, p. 22 ff.
  2. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, p. 30 ff.
  3. ↑ Äußere Südvorstadt , Leipzig 1998, p. 4
  4. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, p. 57 ff.
  5. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, pp. 59 ff. And 77 ff.
  6. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, p. 138 f. and 151 ff.
  7. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, pp. 161 and 181 f.
  8. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, p. 183 ff.
  9. ↑ Brandvorwerk . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 1st volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1814, p. 479.
  10. ↑ Handbook of Geography, Statistics and Topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. Modifications made by Hugo von Bose. 2nd Edition. Adler and Dietze, Dresden 1847, VIII (place directory) p. 7 full text in the Google book search
  11. ↑ Directory of the entire localities of the Kingdom of Saxony. Edited u. edited by CFT Rudowsky. Dresden 1857, p. 7 full text in the Google book search
  12. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, pp. 198 ff. And 208 ff.
  13. ↑ Michael Liebmann: Brandvorwerk , Leipzig 2012, pp. 227, 232 f. and 243
  14. ^ Gina Klank, Gernot Griebsch: Lexikon Leipziger Straßeennamen , Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum Leipzig, 1995, ISBN 3-930433-09-5 , p. 40

Web links

  • Lusitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  • Brandvorwerk in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 29.7 ″  N , 12 ° 22 ′ 9 ″  E