Brewcaria

Brewcaria
Systematics
Monocots Commelinids Order : Sweet grass (Poales) Family : Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) Subfamily : Navioideae Genre : Brewcaria
Scientific name
Brewcaria
LBSm. , Steyerm. & H.Rob.

Brewcaria is a genus of plants in the subfamily Navioideae withinthe bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). Previously they were classified in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae . The sixor sospecies are found in the Guiana Highlands in northeastern South America , only in the states of Colombia and Venezuela . It is not known to have been used by humans and even botanical gardens rarely have specimens in their collections.

description

In brewcaria TYPES concerns terrestrial or lithophytische something xerophytic , perennial herbaceous plants that can sometimes form by vegetative propagation stocks.

The stiff, stiff leaves stand together in basal rosettes . The leaf margins are prickly serrate. At least the underside of the leaf is scaly.

Brewcaria species form a more or less long, upright inflorescence stem. The ever simple, spiky , dense inflorescences have bracts . There are never flower stalks. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. The three sepals are not keeled. The three free petals have two transversely, horizontally inserted scales (ligules); Main distinguishing feature from the closely related Navia , which have no ligules, and from the Steyerbromelia , whose ligules are inserted vertically. There are two circles with three identical, free stamens each. Three fruit leaves are a half under constant ovary grown. The stylus ends in three narrow scar branches.

The flower formula is: or ${\displaystyle \star \;K_{3}\;C_{3}\;A_{3+3}}$ ${\displaystyle G_{\overline {(3)}}}$

There are fruit capsules formed. The seeds are at most very narrowly winged.

They show the photosynthesis type of the C3 plant .

Systematics

The genus Brewcaria was established in 1984 by Lyman B. Smith , Julian Alfred Steyermark and Harold E. Robinson in Acta Botanica Venezuelica , Volume 14, 3 with only two newly described species. Type species is Brewcaria duidensis L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. The generic name Brewcaria honors the Venezuelan explorer and natural scientist Charles Brewer-Carías (* 1938).

Since molecular genetic studies showed that the subfamily Pitcairnioideae was not monophyletic in its original extent, so it was divided into several subfamilies. The subfamily Navioideae was reactivated with the genera Navia , Cottendorfia , Sequencia , Steyerbromelia and Brewcaria . From the genus Navia , in 1997 Bruce K. Holst separated the species with spiked or panicle inflorescences into the genus Brewcaria and the species with appendages on the seeds into the genus Steyerbromelia . This brought four more species to the genus Brewcaria , all of which were previously described by Lyman B. Smith as Navia species.

There are six types of Brewcaria :

• Brewcaria brocchinioides (LBSm.) B.Holst (Syn .: Navia brocchinioides L.B.Sm. ): It thrives terrestrially along granite outcrops on the banks of flowing waters at altitudes of about 650 meters in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas.
• Brewcaria duidensis L.B.Sm., Steyermark & ​​H.Rob. : It thrives terrestrially or lithophytically on the marshy Gifelplateu of the Tepui Cerro Duida at altitudes of around 1500 meters in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas.
• Brewcaria hechtioides (LBSm.) B.Holst (Syn .: Navia hechtioides L.B.Sm. ): This endemic occurs only on Cerro Autana and Cerro Sipapo in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas. It thrives terrestrially in montane shrub savannas at altitudes of 1200 to 1500 meters.
• Brewcaria Hohenbergioides (LBSm.) B.Holst (Syn .: Navia Hohenbergioides L.B.Sm. ): It thrives terrestrially on lower areas of rocky slopes and in the savannahs at altitudes between 200 and 600 meters in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas and is relatively common locally.
• Brewcaria marahuacae L.B.Sm., Steyermark & ​​H.Rob. : This endemic occurs only on Cerro Marahuaka in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas. It thrives there as a dominant species on the open, rocky summit area of ​​this tepui at altitudes of 2500 to 2600 meters.
• Brewcaria reflexa (LBSm.) B. Holst (Syn .: Navia reflexa L.B.Sm. , Navia gracilis L.B.Sm. ): It thrives terrestrially at altitudes between 180 and 300 meters on the banks of running waters in Colombia only in Vaupes and Venezuela.

swell

• Lyman B. Smith , Julian Alfred Steyermark , Harold E. Robinson : Revision of the Guayana Highland Bromeliaceae. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 73, 1987, p. 714.
• The Bromeliaceae family on the AP website. (Section description)
• Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other bromeliads worthy of culture. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
• Thomas J. Givnish, Kendra C. Millam, Paul E. Berry, Kenneth J. Sytsma: Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography of Bromeliaceae inferred from ndhF sequence data. In: Aliso , Volume 23, 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, pp. 3-26: Online. (PDF; 2.1 MB)
• Lyman Bradford Smith , Julian Alfred Steyermark , Harold E. Robinson : Acta Botanica Venezuelica , Volume 14, 3, 1984.
• Bruce K. Holst: Bromeliaceae , pp. 548-676, In: Paul E. Berry, Bruce K. Holst, K. Yatskievych (editors): Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana , Volume 3, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA , 1997.
• Andreas Gröger: In the Venezuelan Guayana region: Brewcaria, Navia's big sister. In: Die Bromelie , 2007, number 3, pp. 134-138.
• Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae. 1998: Online - About the names of the genera of the Bromeliaceae. (Section systematics)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae , 1998: Online - About the names of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae.
2. ↑ On the names of the bromeliad genera at the Bromeliad Society International . ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 ( Memento from June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 321 kB) in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International. (PDF file; 314 kB)
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} In “Species Index” click on Brewcaria in Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 3, 2014

further reading

• TJ Givnish, JC Pires, SW Graham, MA McPherson, LM Prince, TB Patterson: Phylogeny, biogeography, and ecological evolution in Bromeliaceae: Insights from ndhF sequences. In: JT Columbus, EA Friar, JM Porter, LM Prince, MG Simpson: Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales , Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, 2006, 23, pp. 3-26.

Web links

• Images of several kinds.
• Illustration of plant details from Brewcaria duidensis of the collection number Steyermark et al. 124582, drawn by AR Tangerini, In: Act. Bot. Venezuelica , 14, 3, 1984, Fig. 1. and illustration of plant details from Brewcaria marahuacae of the collection number Steyermark et al. 126328, drawn by AR Tangerini, In: Ann. Mon. Bot. Gard. , Volume 73, 4, 1986, Fig. 31.