Bronze head amazily

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Bronze head amazily
Bronze head amazily

Bronze head amazily

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Amazilia hummingbirds ( Amazilia )
Type : Bronze head amazily
Scientific name
Amazilia candida
( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)

The bronze head amazilie ( Amazilia candida ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes the Central American countries Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , Honduras, and Nicaragua . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The bronze head amazilie reaches a body length of approx. 9 to 9.5 cm, whereby the males weigh approx. 3.8 g and the females 3.4 g. The short, straight bill consists of a black upper bill and a reddish lower bill with a black tip. The top of the head, the nape of the neck and the top are emerald green, whereby the coloring on the rump and the upper tail-coverts looks much more blunt. The ear covers are green with a postocular white spot. The throat and underside are white, with the side of the neck and chest flank being spotted green. The tail is gray-green to bronze in color, with the outer control feathers having a dark subterminal band with light gray speckles. There is no gender dimorphism .

behavior

They sit and look for their food in practically all strata . Often they fly to the same flowers of the lower strata that the brown- tailed macilia prefer as a source of nectar.

distribution and habitat

They live in moist evergreen to semi- evergreen forests and on their edges. They move at altitudes that range from sea level to 1500 meters. Usually these are the hills north of the isthmus . In winter they move to the Strait of Oaxaca and the western part of Chiapas .

Vocalizations

Their calls vary between high, thin and high- pitched chirping, which sounds like tsi'si-sit, tsi-tsin and is repeated up to four times in two phases. Occasionally they utter a repeating syikk, syik, siyk, syik or a monotonous high-pitched pipsy tsi-ip, tsi-ip . The call usually sounds like a rolling excited chirping that sounds like tsirr and ti-ti or ti-tsir and longer driii-ii-it or tsi-si-si-si-sit .

Reproduction

Their breeding season is from February to May.

Subspecies

Distribution area (green) of the bronze head amazilie

There are three known subspecies:

  • Amazilia candida genini ( titmouse , 1938) - This subspecies occurs on the Caribbean slopes in southeastern Mexico. In contrast to the nominate form, they have longer wings and the beak is also slightly larger.
  • Amazilia candida candida ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846) - The nominate form occurs on the Pacific slopes in southeastern Mexico as far as Nicaragua.
  • Amazilia candida pacifica ( Griscom , 1929) - This subspecies is distributed from the Yucatán Peninsula to southern Guatemala. A. c. pacifica is slightly larger than the nominate form . These sides and flanks are noticeably greener.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier and Étienne Mulsant described the bronze head amazily under the name Trochilus candidus . The type specimen came from Cobán in Guatemala. In 1843 René Primevère Lesson introduced the new genus name Amazilia for the cinnamon belly amazilie (Syn: Ornysmia cinnamomea). This name comes from a novella by Jean-François Marmontel , who reported in Les Incas, Ou La Destruction De L'empire Du Pérou, about an Inca heroine named Amazili. The epithet »candidus« is the Latin word for »glittering white«. »Genini« is dedicated to the French-Mexican entrepreneur, archaeologist , ethnographer and collector Auguste Génin (1862–1931). “Pacifica” is derived from the Latin “pacificus” for “peaceful”, a name Ferdinand Magellan used for the Pacific Ocean . Ludlow Griscom used the name because the subspecies occurs on the mountain slopes facing the Pacific.

literature

  • Steve NG Howell, Sophie Webb: A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-854012-4 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of vingt espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie . tape 9 , 1846, pp. 312-332 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 20, 2016]).
  • Wilhelm Meise: About some hummingbirds of the genus Agyrtrina Chubb . In: Bulletin du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique . tape 14 , no. 53 , 1938, ZDB -ID 215112-1 , p. 1-6 .
  • Ludlow Griscom: Studies from the Dwight collection of Guatemala birds. I . In: American Museum Novitates . No. 379 , 1929, pp. 1–13 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1,3 MB ; accessed on March 20, 2016]).
  • René Primevère Lesson : Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches . In: L'Echo du Monde Savant (=  2 ). tape 10 , no. 32 , 1843, pp. 755-758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 20, 2016]).
  • René Primevère Lesson, Prosper Garnot: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont- Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition . tape 1 : Zoology , No. 2 . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 20, 2016]).

Web links

Commons : Bronze Head Amazilie  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steve NG Howell et al. a., p. 408.
  2. ↑ a b c d Steve NG Howell u. a., p. 409.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Meise, p. 2.
  5. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 326.
  6. ↑ a b Ludlow Griscom, p. 10.
  7. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1843), column 757.
  8. ↑ René Primevère Lesson u. a. (1827), p. 683 (plate 3).
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 88.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 288.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lesson assigned the gold - masked hummingbird , the striped - tailed hummingbird , the cinnamon - bellied amazily (Sym. Ornysmia cinnamomea), the blue-throated star hummingbird (Syn: Ornymia rufula) and the Longuemare sun nymph to the genus Amazilia.