Longuemare sun nymph

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Longuemare sun nymph
Heliangelus clarisse painted by John Gould

Heliangelus clarisse painted by John Gould

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Sun Angel ( Heliangelus )
Type : Longuemare sun nymph
Scientific name
Heliangelus clarisse
( Longuemare , 1841)

The Longuemare sun nymph ( Heliangelus clarisse ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). Some authors will also be a subspecies ( Heliangelus amethysticollis clarisse ) of amethyst-throated sunangel classified. The distribution area of ​​the species includes the South American countries Venezuela and Colombia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The Longuemare sun nymph reaches a body length of about 9.4 cm. The straight, black beak becomes approx. 18 mm long. The plumage leaves a rather dark impression. The upper part of the male is dark green. If you follow the definition of the Handbook of Birds of the World , the subspecies spencei has a velvety black crown. It is purple in the violiceps subspecies and dull green in clarisse . All of them have a small sparkling blue part over their beak. Postocular (behind the eyes) there is a white spot. The throat is purple-violet, delimited below by a sickle-like green line. The rest of the lower part is shimmering dark green and streaked with gray. The lower ridge (crissum) is white and yellow-brown only in spencei . The tail feathers are bronze green to black in color. The outer control springs have white spots. The female resembles the male, but is slightly darker. In addition, the throat can have white feathers.

Habitat

You can see the bird at the edge of the forest with a high density of flowers such as B. Psammisia or heather- like plants. It moves at altitudes between 1800 and 3100 meters.

behavior

The hummingbird flies and rests relatively close to the ground. The bird behaves territorially . He flies specific and regular forage plants such as climbing plants , epiphytes or bushes z. B. Palicourea . He gets his nectar by hovering and by clinging. It also feeds on flying insects that it prey on in flight. You can also see him in mixed groups. The breeding season is from May to August.

Subspecies

If you follow the Handbook of Birds of the World , Heliangelus clarisse has the following three subspecies.

  • Heliangelus clarisse violiceps Phelps & Phelps, Jr. , 1953
  • Heliangelus clarisse spencei ( Bourcier , 1847)
  • Heliangelus clarisse clarisse ( Longuemare , 1841)

The subspecies violiceps occurs in the Sierra de Perijá on the Colombian-Venezuelan border. Only in the state of Mérida in the Andes of northwest Venezuela is spencei found . The east of Colombia, in the provinces of Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca , as well as the adjacent western Venezuela is the home of the ssp. clarisse .

The subspecies Heliangelus clarisse verdiscutatus ( Phelps & Phelps Jr. , 1955) is generally considered a synonym for the nominate form .

The South American Check-list Committee of the American Ornithologists' Union still sees Heliangelus clarisse as a subspecies. More data is expected here for a clear delimitation.

In addition, some authors are of the opinion that the merida sun nymph ( Heliangelus spencei ) is a species of its own and not a subspecies.

Etymology and history of research

Agathe François Gouÿe de Longuemare described the species under the name Ornismya clarisse . The type specimen was collected in the area of Santa Fé de Bogotá . It was later assigned to the genus Heliangelus . This name is derived from the Greek words "hēlios ἥλιος " for "sun" and "angelos ἄγγελος " for "angel, messenger, messenger". The specific epithet is Clarisse Parzudaki (1807-1884) b. Dedicated to Moreuil, the wife of Charles Parzudaki (1806–1889) and the mother of François Charles Émile Fauqueux-Parzudaki (1829–1899). "Spencei" is dedicated to the entomologist William Spence (1783–1860). "Violiceps" is made up of the Latin words "viola" for "violet-colored" and "-ceps, caput", "-krönt, head".

literature

  • Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, ISBN 978-0691083728 , p. 287.
  • Steven L. Hilty: Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0691092508 , pp. 426ff.
  • Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal : Handbook of the Birds of the World: Barn Owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, 1999, ISBN 978-8487334252 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Agathe François Gouÿe de Longuemare: Oiseaux-mouche nouveau . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 4 , 1841, p. 306 ( online [accessed May 12, 2014]).
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loggiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 42-47 ( online [accessed May 12, 2014]).
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perija Mountains, Venezuela . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 66 , 1953, pp. 1–12 ( online [accessed May 12, 2014]).
  • William H. Phelps, William H. Phelps Jr .: Five new Venezuelan birds and nine extensions of ranges to Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 68 , May 20, 1955, pp. 47-58 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans von Berlepsch: Critical overview of the so-called Bogota collections (SO Colombia) occurring Colibri species and description . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 35 , no. 3 , 1887, p. 313–336 ( online [accessed May 12, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Longuemare Sun Nymph  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ William Henry Phelps (1953) and a., p. 2
  2. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 46
  3. ↑ a b c Agathe François Gouÿe de Longuemare, p. 306
  4. ^ William Henry Phelps (1955) and a., p. 48
  5. ↑ Proposal (# 142) to the South American Check-list Committee ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 187
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 361
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 402