Amethyst sun nymph

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Amethyst sun nymph
Heliangelus amethysticollis (male) -NBII Image Gallery-a00194.jpg

Amethyst sun nymph ( Heliangelus amethysticollis )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Sun Angel ( Heliangelus )
Type : Amethyst sun nymph
Scientific name
Heliangelus amethysticollis
( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838)

The amethyst-throated sunangel ( Heliangelus amethysticollis ) is a species of bird from the family of hummingbirds (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that covers about 202,000 square kilometers in the South American countries Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru, and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Amethyst sun nymph ( Heliangelus amethysticollis )

The amethyst sun nymph reaches a body length of about 10.5 to 11 centimeters. The straight, black beak is about 15 to 18 millimeters long. The top is sparkling green. Postocular (behind the eyes) the hummingbird has a rather inconspicuous white spot. Below the neck the hummingbird is gray. All subspecies have a white or yellowish brown collar. The male's throat is blue-violet . The vertex is glossy blue-green only in the subspecies laticavius , while the other subspecies have a green vertex. The females' necks are usually dull reddish brown. However, especially in the subspecies laticlavius , the throat is markedly changeable . The black-blue tail is fork-shaped in both sexes. The central control springs are bronze green.

Habitat

The bird can usually be found in areas with scrub near the edges of the forest. It shows up at altitudes between 1950 and 3700 meters. The climatic zone in which the bird can be found ranges from subtropical to colder zones on the eastern slopes of the Andes. In Peru, the bird is found north and west of the Marañón River. In Ecuador it is located on the Cordillera de Cutucú and in Zamora Chinchipe .

behavior

When the bird sits on the branch, it likes to raise its wings. It prefers to cling to plants to eat and spread its wings. He likes to peck insects out of the branches. Picking out insects can also be observed while hovering .

Subspecies

So far, seven subspecies of the species are known.

  • Heliangelus amethysticollis violiceps Phelps & Phelps Jr , 1953 - This subspecies occurs in the Sierra de Perijá in northeast Colombia and western Venezuela.
  • Heliangelus amethysticollis clarisse ( Longuemare , 1841) - This subspecies is found in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela.
  • Heliangelus amethysticollis spencei ( Bourcier , 1847) - This subspecies is only present in the state of Mérida in northwestern Venezuela.
  • Heliangelus amethysticollis laticlavius Salvin , 1891 - This subspecies is distributed from southern Ecuador to northern Peru.
  • Heliangelus amethysticollis decolor Zimmer, JT , 1951 - This subspecies occurs in central Peru.
  • Heliangelus amethysticollis apurimacensis Weller , 2009 - The newest known subspecies is found in southeastern Peru.
  • Heliangelus amethysticollis amethysticollis ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838) - The nominate form is widespread in southern Peru to northwestern Bolivia.

The South American Check-list Committee has so far refused to split the Longuemare sun nymph and the Merida sun nymph from Heliangelus amethysticollis .

Heliangelus dubius Hartert , 1897 and Heliangelus claudia Hartert , 1895 are considered dubious taxa . They are often classified as a subspecies of Heliangelus amethysticollis , if they find recognition in the literature at all .

Etymology and history of research

Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny and Frédéric de Lafresnaye described the species under the name Ornismya amethysticollis . The type specimen was collected in the area of ​​the Yuracaré . It was later assigned to the genus Heliangelus . This name is derived from the Greek words "hēlios ἥλιος " for "sun" and "angelos ἄγγελος " for "angel, messenger, messenger". The specific epithet "amethysticollis" is a Latin structure from "amethystus" for " amethyst " and "-collis, collum" for "-necked, neck, neck". "Clarisse" is Clarisse Parzudaki (1807–1884) born. Dedicated to Moreuil, the wife of Charles Parzudaki (1806–1889) and the mother of François Charles Émile Fauqueux-Parzudaki (1829–1899). "Spencei" is dedicated to the entomologist William Spence (1783–1860). "Violiceps" is made up of the Latin words "viola" for "violet-colored" and "-ceps, caput", "-krönt, head". The Latin "laticlavius" means "broad stripes". "Decolor" also comes from Latin and means "pale, faded". »Apurimacensis« stands for the valley of the Río Apurímac , the area in which this subspecies occurs mainly.

literature

  • Thomas Scott Schulenberg , Douglas Forrester Stotz , Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill , Theodore Albert Parker III : Birds of Peru . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 .
  • Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 , p. 371.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 278, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 42-47 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).
  • Gouye de Longuemare: Oiseaux-mouche nouveau . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 4 , 1845, p. 306 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).
  • William Henry Phelps, William Henry Phelps, Jr .: Eight new subspecies of birds from the Perija Mountains, Venezuela . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 66 , 1953, pp. 1–12 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).
  • Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny, Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Synopsis avium . In: Magasin de zoologie . tape 8 , Classe II, 1838, pp. 1-34 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).
  • Osbert Salvin: Description of new Species of Upupae and Trochili in the Collection of the British Museum . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History (=  6 ). tape 7 , 1891, p. 374–378 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1540 , 1951, pp. 374–378 ( online [PDF; 5.1 MB ; accessed on June 30, 2014]).
  • André-Alexander Weller : Revision of the Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus amethysticollis): A new subspecies from sounthern Peru . In: Ornitologia Neotropical . tape 20 , no. 4 , 2009, ISSN  1075-4377 , p. 609-618 .
  • Ernst Hartert: Description of a new humming bird . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 2 , 1895, p. 484-485 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).
  • Ernst Hartert: Various notes on Humming-birds . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 4 , no. 4 , 1895, p. 529-533 ( online [accessed June 30, 2014]).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ^ William Henry Phelps et al. a., p. 2
  3. ↑ a b Gouye de Longuemare, p. 306
  4. ↑ Jules Bourcier et al. a., p. 46
  5. ^ Osbert Salvin, p. 376
  6. ↑ John Todd Zimmer, p. 23
  7. ↑ a b André-Alexander Weller, p. 613
  8. ↑ a b Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny u. a., p. 31
  9. ↑ Proposal (# 142) to South American Check-list Committee Split Heliangelus clarisse from H. amethysticollis, lump H. spencei into H. clarisse ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  10. ↑ Ernst Hartert (1897), p. 532
  11. ↑ Ernst Hartert (1895), p. 484
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 187
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 45
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 361
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 402
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 220
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 131

Web links

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