Bt toxins
Crystal pesticide 1Ab ( Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki ) | ||
---|---|---|
Mass / length primary structure | 1155 amino acids | |
Identifier | ||
Gene name (s) | cry1A (b) | |
External IDs | ||
Transporter classification | ||
TCDB | 1.C.78 | |
designation | Crystal Protein Family |
Cytolytic δ-endotoxin ( Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis ) | ||
---|---|---|
Mass / length primary structure | 249 amino acids | |
Identifier | ||
Gene name (s) | cytA | |
External IDs | ||
Transporter classification | ||
TCDB | 1.C.71 | |
designation | Cytolytic δ-endotoxins |
Bt toxins (from Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins ) are toxins that can be produced by the bacterial species Bacillus thuringiensis . They are among the proteins and, depending on their mechanism of action, are divided into the three groups of cry toxins ( English crystal toxins , collectively also referred to as parasporin ), cyt toxins ( English cytolytic toxins ) and VIP toxins .
properties
Many Bacillus thuringiensis strains (Bt) produce these endotoxins as preproteins that accumulate in crystalline inclusions during the sporulation of the bacteria. In the intestine of the host organism , these crystals are dissolved and the preproteins cut. This creates functional proteins that only intervene in the metabolism of the target organism and thus act as an insecticide . The effectiveness and specificity of the Bt- Cry toxin have made it a widely used agent in agriculture. It is considered non-toxic for non-insects, such as humans, and is therefore also a certified product in organic farming, for example. So -called Bt plants , which synthesize Bt toxins , were also produced with the help of genetic engineering . Bt toxins have been used as insecticides since 1938.
Cry toxins
Cry toxins are formed as prototoxins and develop their effect under certain influences in the insect body . The preprotein of the toxin can only dissolve in an alkaline environment, such as in the digestive tract of insects. Species-specific proteases then cut free the active toxic center, which until then was hanging on the N-terminus of the prototoxin. The toxin recognizes certain hydrocarbon structures on the surface of cells in the digestive tract of the insect larvae and, as a pore-forming toxin, causes the formation of pores there, which destroy the osmotic potential of the cell and thus cause cytolysis .
construction
Cry toxins consist of three domains . One domain consists largely of α-helices , the other two of β-sheet structures . Homologies between the individual cry toxins can only be found in five structure-maintaining areas inside the protein, while all others are tailored differently to the specific host conditions.
The α-helix domain (I) consists of seven helices that are responsible for the formation of the membrane pores . While the central helix is hydrophobic , i.e. water-repellent, all the others are amphipathic: the outer areas are hydrophilic and the inner areas are hydrophobic. Five of the external helices are long enough to span a 30 ‰ membrane. This results in an inversion of the hydrophobic / hydrophilic areas, so that the lipids of the membrane adjoin the hydrophobic areas of the helices.
The second domain is responsible for binding to the cell receptor. It consists of three antiparallel β-faces that form a so-called β-prism structure. Each of the surfaces forms a loop on one side of the prism which, as a functional lectin, can recognize and bind glycosylations on the membrane surface .
The third domain consists of two intertwined β-sheet structures that form a so-called jelly-roll surface. Its function has not yet been fully researched, but it is certain that it has a stabilizing effect on the protein. The domain closes a hole between the other two domains and protects the toxin from proteases . On the other hand, this domain contains at least two binding sites which - it is assumed - can bind not only specific hydrocarbons , like lectin , but also peptides .
Use in seeds
The first generation of Bt maize varieties came onto the market in 1997. These included MON 810 with the cry1Ab gene for toxicity against European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis , short name ECB for European Corn Borer) and MON 863 with resistance to the western corn rootworm ( Diabrotica virgifera , short name CRW for corn rootworm ). The breakthrough for the commercial success of these plants came with stacked traits , i.e. stacked properties with more than one resistance gene. These include MON 89034 , which combines glyphosate tolerance with the proteins Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 (against ECB), and MON 88017 , which combines glyphosate tolerance with the CRW resistance of MON 863. The last step in this development was SmartStax (MON 89034 × TC1507 × MON 88017 × DAS-59122-7), which contains two toxins against CRW ( Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1 and Cry3Bb1 ), three against ECB and other pests ( Cry 1A.105 , Cry2Ab2 , Cry1F ) as well as glyphosate and glufosinate tolerance.
Resistance from insect pests
Various insect pests that are resistant to individual Bt toxins have been found in the past. Resistance to Cry3Bb1 in the western corn rootworm was discovered in Iowa in the summer of 2009 . The probable reason is mostly a non-recessive inheritance as well as insufficient adherence to refuge areas (areas on which non-transgenic plants are planted). In order to counteract the build-up of resistance in target insects, a gene and the Bt toxin it produced were modified for the first time in 2007 at the University of Mexico (UNAM) so that it became effective again. Building on this research and with the help of findings on the mechanism of resistance development in pests, an international research group presented the modified proteins Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod in 2011 . The new toxins proved to be very effective against pests that had acquired resistance due to various mutations. Further research aims at the suitability for agriculture in order to guarantee a safe action against pests.
List of δ-endotoxins
Surname | sequence | NCBI | Descriptor | year | Original stem |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cry1Aa1 | AAA22353 | 142765 | Schnepf et al. | 1985 | Bt kurstaki HD1 |
Cry1Aa2 | AAA22552 | 551713 | Shibano et al. | 1985 | Bt sotto |
Cry1Aa3 | BAA00257 | 216284 | Shimizu et al. | 1988 | Bt aizawai IPL7 |
Cry1Aa4 | CAA31886 | 40267 | Masson et al. | 1989 | Bt entomocidus |
Cry1Aa5 | BAA04468 | 535781 | Udayasuriyan et al. | 1994 | Bt Fu-2-7 |
Cry1Aa6 | AAA86265 | 1171233 | Masson et al. | 1994 | Bt kurstaki NRD-12 |
Cry1Aa7 | AAD46139 | 5669035 | Osman et al. | 1999 | Bt C12 |
Cry1Aa9 | BAA77213 | 4666284 | Nagamatsu et al. | 1999 | Bt dendrolimus T84A1 |
Cry1Aa10 | AAD55382 | 5901703 | Hou and Chen | 1999 | BT kurstaki HD-1-02 |
Cry1Aa11 | CAA70856 | 6687073 | Tounsi et al. | 1999 | Bt kurstaki |
Cry1Aa12 | AAP80146 | 32344731 | Yao et al. | 2001 | Bt Ly30 |
Cry1Aa13 | AAM44305 | 21239436 | Zhong et al. | 2002 | Bt sotto |
Cry1Aa14 | AAP40639 | 37781497 | Ren et al. | 2002 | unpublished |
Cry1Aa15 | AAY66993 | 67089177 | Sauka et al. | 2005 | Bt INTA Mol-12 |
Cry1Aa16 | HQ439776 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt Ps9-E2 | |
Cry1Aa17 | HQ439788 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt PS9-C12 | |
Cry1Aa18 | HQ439790 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt PS9-D12 | |
Cry1Aa19 | HQ685121 | 337732098 | Li & Luo | 2011 | Bt LS-R-21 |
Cry1Aa20 | JF340156 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-798 | |
Cry1Aa21 | JN651496 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-209 | |
Cry1Aa22 | KC158223 | El Khoury et al. | 2013 | Bt Lip | |
Cry1Aa23 | KJ125392 | Padaria et al. | 2014 | Bt | |
Cry1Aa24 | AGH68331 | Ravi Charan et al. | 2013 | Btk NAIMCC-B-00167 | |
Cry1Ab1 | AAA22330 | 142720 | Wabiko et al. | 1986 | Bt berliner 1715 |
Cry1Ab2 | AAA22613 | 143227 | Thorne et al. | 1986 | Bt kurstaki |
Cry1Ab3 | AAA22561 | 143124 | Geiser et al. | 1986 | Bt kurstaki HD1 |
Cry1Ab4 | BAA00071 | 216280 | Kondo et al. | 1987 | Bt kurstaki HD1 |
Cry1Ab5 | CAA28405 | 40255 | Hofte et al. | 1986 | Bt berliner 1715 |
Cry1Ab6 | AAA22420 | 142886 | Hefford et al. | 1987 | Bt kurstaki NRD-12 |
Cry1Ab7 | CAA31620 | 40278 | Haider & Ellar | 1988 | Bt aizawai IC1 |
Cry1Ab8 | AAA22551 | 143099 | Oeda et al. | 1987 | Bt aizawai IPL7 |
Cry1Ab9 | CAA38701 | 40273 | Chak & Jen | 1993 | Bt aizawai HD133 |
Cry1Ab10 | A29125 | Fischhoff et al. | 1987 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry1Ab12 | AAC64003 | 3746545 | Silva-Werneck et al. | 1998 | Bt kurstaki S93 |
Cry1Ab13 | AAN76494 | 25990352 | Tan et al. | 2002 | Bt c005 |
Cry1Ab14 | AAG16877 | 10440886 | Meza-Basso & Theoduloz | 2000 | Native Chilean Bt |
Cry1Ab15 | AAO13302 | 27436100 | Li et al. | 2001 | Bt B-Hm-16 |
Cry1Ab16 | AAK55546 | 14190061 | Yu et al. | 2002 | Bt AC-11 |
Cry1Ab17 | AAT46415 | 48734426 | Huang et al. | 2004 | Bt WB9 |
Cry1Ab18 | AAQ88259 | 37048803 | Stobdan et al. | 2004 | Bt |
Cry1Ab19 | AAW31761 | 56900936 | Zhong et al. | 2005 | Bt X-2 |
Cry1Ab20 | ABB72460 | 82395049 | Liu et al. | 2006 | BtC008 |
Cry1Ab21 | ABS18384 | 151655610 | Swiecicka et al. | 2007 | Bt IS5056 |
Cry1Ab22 | ABW87320 | 159024156 | Wu and Feng | 2008 | BtS2491 Fig |
Cry1Ab23 | HQ439777 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt N32-2-2 | |
Cry1Ab24 | HQ439778 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Ab25 | HQ685122 | 337732100 | Li & Luo | 2011 | Bt LS-R-30 |
Cry1Ab26 | HQ847729 | 320090245 | Prathap Reddy et al. | 2011 | DOR BT-1 |
Cry1Ab27 | JN135249 | Ammouneh et al. ( doi : 10.3906 / tar-1007-1117 ) | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab28 | JN135250 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab29 | JN135251 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab30 | JN135252 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab31 | JN135253 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab32 | JN135254 | Ammouneh et al. | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ab34 | KC156668 | Sampson et al. | 2012 | ARP102 | |
Cry1Ac1 | AAA22331 | Adang et al. | 1985 | Bt kurstaki HD73 | |
Cry1Ac2 | AAA22338 | From Tersch et al. | 1991 | Bt kenyae | |
Cry1Ac3 | CAA38098 | Dardenne et al. | 1990 | Bt BTS89A | |
Cry1Ac4 | AAA73077 | Feitelson | 1991 | Bt kurstaki PS85A1 | |
Cry1Ac5 | AAA22339 | Feitelson | 1992 | Bt kurstaki PS81GG | |
Cry1Ac6 | AAA86266 | Masson et al. | 1994 | Bt kurstaki NRD-12 | |
Cry1Ac7 | AAB46989 | Herrera et al. | 1994 | Bt kurstaki HD73 | |
Cry1Ac8 | AAC44841 | Omolo et al. | 1997 | Bt kurstaki HD73 | |
Cry1Ac9 | AAB49768 | Gleave et al. | 1992 | Bt DSIR732 | |
Cry1Ac10 | CAA05505 | Sun | 1997 | Bt kurstaki YBT-1520 | |
Cry1Ac11 | CAA10270 | Makhdoom & Riazuddin | 1998 | ||
Cry1Ac13 | AAD38701 | Qiao et al. | 1999 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry1Ac14 | AAQ06607 | Yao et al. | 2002 | Bt Ly30 | |
Cry1Ac15 | AAN07788 | Tzeng et al. | 2001 | Bt from Taiwan | |
Cry1Ac16 | AAU87037 | Zhao et al. | 2005 | Bt H3 | |
Cry1Ac17 | AAX18704 | Hire et al. | 2005 | Bt kenyae HD549 | |
Cry1Ac18 | AAY88347 | Kaur & Allam | 2005 | Bt SK-729 | |
Cry1Ac19 | ABD37053 | Gao et al. | 2005 | Bt C-33 | |
Cry1Ac20 | ABB89046 | Tan et al. | 2005 | ||
Cry1Ac21 | AAY66992 | Sauka et al. | 2005 | INTA Mol-12 | |
Cry1Ac22 | ABZ01836 | Zhang & Fang | 2008 | Bt W015-1 | |
Cry1Ac23 | CAQ30431 | Kashyap et al. | 2008 | Bt | |
Cry1Ac24 | ABL01535 | Arango et al. | 2008 | Bt 146-158-01 | |
Cry1Ac25 | FJ513324 | 237688242 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt Tm37-6 |
Cry1Ac26 | FJ617446 | 256003038 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt Tm41-4 |
Cry1Ac27 | FJ617447 | 256003040 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt Tm44-1B |
Cry1Ac28 | ACM90319 | Li et al. | 2009 | Bt Q-12 | |
Cry1Ac29 | DQ438941 | Diego Sauka | 2009 | INTA TA24-6 | |
Cry1Ac30 | GQ227507 | Zhang et al. | 2010 | Bt S1478-1 | |
Cry1Ac31 | GU446674 | 319433505 | Zhao et al. | 2010 | Bt S3299-1 |
Cry1Ac32 | HM061081 | Lu et al. | 2010 | Bt ZQ-89 | |
Cry1Ac33 | GQ866913 | 306977639 | Kaur & Meena | 2011 | Bt SK-711 |
Cry1Ac34 | HQ230364 | 314906994 | Kaur & Kumari | 2010 | Bt SK-783 |
Cry1Ac35 | JF340157 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-784 | |
Cry1Ac36 | JN387137 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-958 | |
Cry1Ac37 | JQ317685 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-793 | |
Cry1Ac38 | ACC86135 | Lin et al. | 2008 | Bt LSZ9408 | |
Cry1Ad1 | AAA22340 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81I | |
Cry1Ad2 | CAA01880 | Anonymous | 1995 | Bt PS81RR1 | |
Cry1Ae1 | AAA22410 | Lee & Aronson | 1991 | Bt alesti | |
Cry1Af1 | AAB82749 | Kang et al. | 1997 | Bt NT0423 | |
Cry1Ag1 | AAD46137 | Mustafa | 1999 | ||
Cry1Ah1 | AAQ14326 | Tan et al. | 2000 | ||
Cry1Ah2 | ABB76664 | Qi et al. | 2005 | Bt alesti | |
Cry1Ah3 | HQ439779 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt S6 | |
Cry1Ai1 | AAO39719 | Wang et al. | 2002 | ||
Cry1Ai2 | HQ439780 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt SC6H8 | |
Cry1Aj1 | KJ28846 | Zonglan Yu | 2014 | ||
Cry1Ba1 | CAA29898 | Brizzard & Whiteley | 1988 | Bt thuringiensis HD2 | |
Cry1Ba2 | CAA65003 | Soetaert | 1996 | Bt entomocidus HD110 | |
Cry1Ba3 | AAK63251 | Zhang et al. | 2001 | ||
Cry1Ba4 | AAK51084 | Nathan et al. | 2001 | Bt entomocidus HD9 | |
Cry1Ba5 | ABO20894 | Song et al. | 2007 | Bt SFW-12 | |
Cry1Ba6 | ABL60921 | Martins et al. | 2006 | Bt S601 | |
Cry1Ba7 | HQ439781 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt N17-37 | |
Cry1Ba8 | KJ868173 | Palma et al. | 2014 | Bt Na205-3 | |
Cry1Bb1 | AAA22344 | Donovan et al. | 1994 | Bt EG5847 | |
Cry1Bb2 | HQ439782 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt WBT-2 | |
Cry1Bb3 | KJ619659 | Baonan et al. | 2014 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Bc1 | CAA86568 | Bishop et al. | 1994 | Bt morrisoni | |
Cry1Bd1 | AAD10292 | Kuo et al. | 2000 | Bt wuhanensis HD525 | |
Cry1Bd2 | AAM93496 | Isakova et al. | 2002 | Bt 834 | |
Cry1Be1 | AAC32850 | Payne et al. | 1998 | Bt PS158C2 | |
Cry1Be2 | AAQ52387 | Baum et al. | 2003 | ||
Cry1Be3 | ACV96720 | 259156864 | Sun et al. | 2010 | Bt g9 |
Cry1Be4 | HM070026 | Liu et al. | 2010 | ||
Cry1Bf1 | CAC50778 | Arnaut et al. | 2001 | ||
Cry1Bf2 | AAQ52380 | Baum et al. | 2003 | ||
Cry1Bg1 | AAO39720 | Wang et al. | 2002 | ||
Cry1Bh1 | HQ589331 | 315076091 | Lira et al. | 2010 | Bt PS46L |
Cry1Bi1 | KC156700 | Sampson et al. | 2012 | ARP260 | |
Cry1Ca1 | CAA30396 | Honee et al. | 1988 | Bt entomocidus 60.5 | |
Cry1Ca2 | CAA31951 | Sanchis et al. | 1989 | Bt aizawai 7.29 | |
Cry1Ca3 | AAA22343 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81I | |
Cry1Ca4 | CAA01886 | Van Mellaert et al. | 1990 | Bt entomocidus HD110 | |
Cry1Ca5 | CAA65457 | Strizhov | 1996 | Bt aizawai 7.29 | |
Cry1Ca6 [1] | AAF37224 | Yu et al. | 2000 | Bt AF-2 | |
Cry1Ca7 | AAG50438 | Aixing et al. | 2000 | Bt J8 | |
Cry1Ca8 | AAM00264 | Chen et al. | 2001 | Bt c002 | |
Cry1Ca9 | AAL79362 | Kao et al. | 2003 | Bt G10-01A | |
Cry1Ca10 | AAN16462 | Lin et al. | 2003 | Bt E05-20a | |
Cry1Ca11 | AAX53094 | Cai et al. | 2005 | Bt C-33 | |
Cry1Ca12 | HM070027 | Liu et al. | 2010 | mo3-E7 | |
Cry1Ca13 | HQ412621 | 312192962 | Li & Luo | 2010 | Bt LB-R-78 |
Cry1Ca14 | JN651493 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-38 | |
Cry1Cb2 | AAG35409 | Song et al. | 2000 | Bt c001 | |
Cry1Cb3 | ACD50894 | Huang et al. | 2008 | Bt 087 | |
Cry1Da1 | CAA38099 | Hofte et al. | 1990 | Bt aizawai HD68 | |
Cry1Da3 | HQ439784 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Da4 | KJ619660 | Baonan et al. | 2014 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Db1 | CAA80234 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS00349A | |
Cry1Db2 | AAK48937 | Li et al. | 2001 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry1Dc1 | ABK35074 | Lertwiriyawong et al. | 2006 | Bt JC291 | |
Cry1Dd1 | KJ28844 | Zonglan Yu | 2014 | ||
Cry1Ea1 | CAA37933 | Visser et al. | 1990 | Bt kenyae 4F1 | |
Cry1Ea2 | CAA39609 | Bosse et al. | 1990 | Bt kenyae | |
Cry1Ea3 | AAA22345 | Feitelson | 1991 | Bt kenyae PS81F | |
Cry1Ea4 | AAD04732 | Barboza-Corona et al. | 1998 | Bt kenyae LBIT-147 | |
Cry1Ea6 | AAL50330 | Sun et al. | 1999 | Bt YBT-032 | |
Cry1Ea7 | AAW72936 | Huehne et al. | 2005 | Bt JC190 | |
Cry1Ea8 | ABX11258 | Huang et al. | 2007 | Bt HZM2 | |
Cry1Ea9 | HQ439785 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt S6 | |
Cry1Ea10 | ADR00398 | Goncalves et al. | 2010 | Bt BR64 | |
Cry1Ea11 | JQ652456 | Lin Qunxin et al. | 2012 | Bt | |
Cry1Ea12 | KF601559 | Baonan He | 2013 | Bt strain V4 | |
Cry1Eb1 | AAA22346 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81A2 | |
Cry1Fa1 | AAA22348 | Chambers et al. | 1991 | Bt aizawai EG6346 | |
Cry1Fa2 | AAA22347 | Feitelson | 1993 | Bt aizawai PS81I | |
Cry1Fa3 | HM070028 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt mo3-D8 | |
Cry1Fa4 | HM439638 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt mo3-D10 | |
Cry1Fb1 | CAA80235 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS00349A | |
Cry1Fb2 | BAA25298 | Masuda & Asano | 1998 | Bt morrisoni INA67 | |
Cry1Fb3 | AAF21767 | Song et al. | 1998 | Bt morrisoni | |
Cry1Fb4 | AAC10641 | Payne et al. | 1997 | ||
Cry1Fb5 | AAO13295 | Li et al. | 2001 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry1Fb6 | ACD50892 | Huang et al. | 2008 | Bt 012 | |
Cry1Fb7 | ACD50893 | Huang et al. | 2008 | Bt 087 | |
Cry1Ga1 | CAA80233 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS0349A | |
Cry1Ga2 | CAA70506 | Shevelev et al. | 1997 | Bt wuhanensis | |
Cry1Gb1 | AAD10291 | Kuo & Chak | 1999 | Bt wuhanensis HD525 | |
Cry1Gb2 | AAO13756 | Li et al. | 2000 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry1Gc1 | AAQ52381 | Baum et al. | 2003 | ||
Cry1Ha1 | CAA80236 | Lambert | 1993 | Bt BTS02069AA | |
Cry1Hb1 | AAA79694 | Koo et al. | 1995 | Bt morrisoni BF190 | |
Cry1Hb2 | HQ439786 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt WBT-2 | |
Cry1Hc1 | KJ28845 | Zonglan Yu | 2014 | ||
Cry1Ia1 | CAA44633 | Tailor et al. | 1992 | Bt kurstaki | |
Cry1Ia2 | AAA22354 | Gleave et al. | 1993 | Bt kurstaki | |
Cry1Ia3 | AAC36999 | Shin et al. | 1995 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry1Ia4 | AAB00958 | Kostichka et al. | 1996 | Bt AB88 | |
Cry1Ia5 | CAA70124 | Selvapandiyan | 1996 | Bt 61 | |
Cry1Ia6 | AAC26910 | Zhong et al. | 1998 | Bt kurstaki S101 | |
Cry1Ia7 | AAM73516 | Porcar et al. | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry1Ia8 | AAK66742 | Song et al. | 2001 | ||
Cry1Ia9 | AAQ08616 | Yao et al. | 2002 | Bt Ly30 | |
Cry1Ia10 | AAP86782 | Espindola et al. | 2003 | Bt thuringiensis | |
Cry1Ia11 | CAC85964 | Tounsi et al. | 2003 | Bt kurstaki BNS3 | |
Cry1Ia12 | AAV53390 | Grossi de Sa et al. | 2005 | Bt | |
Cry1Ia13 | ABF83202 | Martins et al. | 2006 | Bt | |
Cry1Ia14 | ACG63871 | Liu & Guo | 2008 | Bt11 | |
Cry1Ia15 | FJ617445 | 256003036 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt E-1B |
Cry1Ia16 | FJ617448 | 256003042 | Guan et al. | 2011 | Bt E-1A |
Cry1Ia17 | GU989199 | Li et al. | 2010 | Bt MX2 | |
Cry1Ia18 | ADK23801 | 300492624 | Li et al. | 2010 | Bt MX9 |
Cry1Ia19 | HQ439787 | Liu et al. | 2010 | Bt SC6H6 | |
Cry1Ia20 | JQ228426 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu1H-3 | |
Cry1Ia21 | JQ228424 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you1D-9 | |
Cry1Ia22 | JQ228427 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu1E-3 | |
Cry1Ia23 | JQ228428 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu1E-4 | |
Cry1Ia24 | JQ228429 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu2B-6 | |
Cry1Ia25 | JQ228430 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu2G-11 | |
Cry1Ia26 | JQ228431 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt wu2G-12 | |
Cry1Ia27 | JQ228432 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you2D-3 | |
Cry1Ia28 | JQ228433 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you2E-3 | |
Cry1Ia29 | JQ228434 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt you2F-3 | |
Cry1Ia30 | JQ317686 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt 4J4 | |
Cry1Ia31 | JX944038 | Song et al. | 2012 | Bt SC-7 | |
Cry1Ia32 | JX944039 | Song et al. | 2012 | Bt SC-13 | |
Cry1Ia33 | JX944040 | Song et al | 2012 | Bt SC-51 | |
Cry1Ia34 | KJ868171 | Palma et al | 2014 | Bt Na205-3 | |
Cry1Ia35 | KJ619662 | Baonan et al | 2014 | Bt V4 | |
Cry1Ib1 | AAA82114 | Shin et al | 1995 | Bt entomocidus BP465 | |
Cry1Ib2 | ABW88019 | Guan et al | 2007 | Bt PP61 | |
Cry1Ib3 | ACD75515 | Liu & Guo | 2008 | Bt GS8 | |
Cry1Ib4 | HM051227 | 301641366 | Zhao et al | 2010 | Bt BF-4 |
Cry1Ib5 | HM070028 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt mo3-D8 | |
Cry1Ib6 | ADK38579 | 300836937 | Li et al | 2010 | Bt LB52 |
Cry1Ib7 | JN571740 | Kumari & Kaur | 2011 | Bt SK-935 | |
Cry1Ib8 | JN675714 | Swamy et al | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ib9 | JN675715 | Swamy et al | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ib10 | JN675716 | Swamy et al | 2011 | ||
Cry1Ib11 | JQ228423 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Ic1 | AAC62933 | Osman et al | 1998 | Bt C18 | |
Cry1Ic2 | AAE71691 | Osman et al | 2001 | ||
Cry1Id1 | AAD44366 | Choi | 2000 | ||
Cry1Id2 | JQ228422 | Zhao Can | 2011 | Bt HD12 | |
Cry1Id3 | KJ619661 | Baonan et al | 2014 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Ie1 | AAG43526 | Song et al | 2000 | Bt BTC007 | |
Cry1Ie2 | HM439636 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt T03B001 | |
Cry1Ie3 | KC156647 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP058 | |
Cry1Ie4 | KC156681 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP131 | |
Cry1Ie5 | KJ710646 | Zonglan Yu et al | 2014 | BN23-5 | |
Cry1If1 | AAQ52382 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry1Ig1 | KC156701 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP166 | |
Cry1Yes1 | AAA22341 | Donovan | 1994 | Bt EG5847 | |
Cry1Yes2 | HM070030 | Liu et al | 2010 | WBT-1 | |
Cry1Yes3 | JQ228425 | Zhao Shiyuan | 2011 | Bt FH21 | |
Cry1Jb1 | AAA98959 | From Tersch & Gonzalez | 1994 | Bt EG5092 | |
Cry1Jc1 | AAC31092 | Payne et al | 1998 | ||
Cry1Jc2 | AAQ52372 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry1Jd1 | CAC50779 | Arnaut et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry1Ka1 | AAB00376 | Koo et al | 1995 | Bt morrisoni BF190 | |
Cry1Ka2 | HQ439783 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt WBT-2 | |
Cry1La1 | AAS60191 | Je et al | 2004 | Bt kurstaki K1 | |
Cry1La2 | HM070031 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt SC6H8 | |
Cry1Ma1 | FJ884067 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2010 | LBIT 1189 | |
Cry1Ma2 | KC156659 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP080 | |
Cry1Na1 | KC156648 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP009 | |
Cry1Nb1 | KC156678 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP146 | |
Cry2Aa1 | AAA22335 | Donovan et al | 1989 | Bt kurstaki | |
Cry2Aa2 | AAA83516 | Widner & Whiteley | 1989 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry2Aa4 | AAC04867 | Misra et al | 1998 | Bt kenyae HD549 | |
Cry2Aa5 | CAA10671 | Yu & Pang | 1999 | Bt SL39 | |
Cry2Aa6 | CAA10672 | Yu & Pang | 1999 | Bt YZ71 | |
Cry2Aa7 | CAA10670 | Yu & Pang | 1999 | Bt CY29 | |
Cry2Aa8 | AAO13734 | Wei et al | 2000 | Bt Dongbei 66 | |
Cry2Aa9 | AAO13750 | Zhang et al | 2000 | ||
Cry2Aa10 | AAQ04263 | Yao et al | 2001 | ||
Cry2Aa11 | AAQ52384 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry2Aa12 | ABI83671 | Tan et al | 2006 | Bt Rpp39 | |
Cry2Aa13 | ABL01536 | Arango et al | 2008 | Bt 146-158-01 | |
Cry2Aa14 | ACF04939 | Hire et al | 2008 | Bt HD-550 | |
Cry2Aa15 | JN426947 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | Bt SSy77 | |
Cry2Aa16 | KF667522 | Baonan He | 2013 | Bt V4 | |
Cry2Aa17 | KF860848 | Guihua Chen et al | 2013 | ||
Cry2Ab1 | AAA22342 | Widner & Whiteley | 1989 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry2Ab2 | CAA39075 | Dankocsik et al | 1990 | Bt kurstaki HD1 | |
Cry2Ab3 | AAG36762 | Chen et al | 1999 | Bt BTC002 | |
Cry2Ab4 | AAO13296 | Li et al | 2001 | Bt B-Pr-88 | |
Cry2Ab5 | AAQ04609 | Yao et al | 2001 | Bt ly30 | |
Cry2Ab6 | AAP59457 | Wang et al | 2003 | Bt WZ-7 | |
Cry2Ab7 | AAZ66347 | Udayasuriyan et al | 2005 | Bt 14-1 | |
Cry2Ab8 | ABC95996 | Huang et al | 2006 | Bt WB2 | |
Cry2Ab9 | ABC74968 | Zhang et al | 2005 | Bt LLB6 | |
Cry2Ab10 | ABM21766 | Lin et al | 2006 | Bt LyL | |
Cry2Ab11 | CAM84575 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT1 | |
Cry2Ab12 | ABM21764 | Lin et al | 2007 | Bt LyD | |
Cry2Ab13 | ACG76120 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt ywc5-4 | |
Cry2Ab14 | ACG76121 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt Bts | |
Cry2Ab15 | HM037126 | 302634222 | Zhao et al | 2011 | Bt BF-4 |
Cry2Ab16 | GQ866914 | 306977641 | Katara & Kaur | 2011 | SK-793 |
Cry2Ab17 | HQ439789 | Liu et al | 2010 | Bt PS9-C12 | |
Cry2Ab18 | JN135255 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab19 | JN135256 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab20 | JN135257 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab21 | JN135258 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab22 | JN135259 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab23 | JN135260 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab24 | JN135261 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | ||
Cry2Ab25 | JN415485 | Sevim et al | 2013 | Btk MnD | |
Cry2Ab26 | JN426946 | Ammouneh et al | 2011 | Bt SSy77 | |
Cry2Ab27 | JN415764 | 344055822 | Chankhamhaengdecha, et al | 2011 | |
Cry2Ab28 | JN651494 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-7 | |
Cry2Ab29 | KF860847 | Guihua Chen et al | 2013 | ||
Cry2Ab30 | EU623976 | Lin et al | 2008 | Bt LSZ9408 | |
Cry2Ab31 | AHM93475 | Xie et al | 2013 | Bt HTS-S-38 | |
Cry2Ab32 | KJ710647 | Zonglan Yu et al | 2014 | BN23-5 | |
Cry2Ac1 | CAA40536 | Aronson | 1991 | Bt shanghai s1 | |
Cry2Ac2 | AAG35410 | Song et al | 2000 | ||
Cry2Ac3 | AAQ52385 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry2Ac4 | ABC95997 | Huang et al | 2006 | Bt WB9 | |
Cry2Ac5 | ABC74969 | Zhang et al | 2005 | ||
Cry2Ac6 | ABC74793 | Xia et al | 2006 | Bt wuhanensis | |
Cry2Ac7 | CAL18690 | Saleem et al | 2008 | Bt SBSBT-1 | |
Cry2Ac8 | CAM09325 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT1 | |
Cry2Ac9 | CAM09326 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT2 | |
Cry2Ac10 | ABN15104 | Bai et al | 2007 | Bt QCL-1 | |
Cry2Ac11 | CAM83895 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt HD29 | |
Cry2Ac12 | CAM83896 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT3 | |
Cry2Ad1 | AAF09583 | Choi et al | 1999 | Bt BR30 | |
Cry2Ad2 | ABC86927 | Huang et al | 2006 | Bt WB10 | |
Cry2Ad3 | CAK29504 | Saleem et al | 2006 | Bt 5_2AcT (1) | |
Cry2Ad4 | CAM32331 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt CMBL-BT2 | |
Cry2Ad5 | CAO78739 | Saleem et al | 2007 | Bt HD29 | |
Cry2Ae1 | AAQ52362 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry2Af1 | ABO30519 | Beard et al | 2007 | Bt C81 | |
Cry2Af2 | GQ866915 | 306977643 | Katara & Kaur | 2011 | SK-758 |
Cry2Ag1 | ACH91610 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt JF19-2 | |
Cry2Ah1 | EU939453 | 218963751 | Zhang et al | 2011 | Bt SC6H8 |
Cry2Ah2 | ACL80665 | Zhang et al | 2009 | Bt BRC-ZQL3 | |
Cry2Ah3 | GU073380 | 309274394 | Lixin you | 2012 | HYW-8 |
Cry2Ah4 | KC156702 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP193 | |
Cry2Ai1 | FJ788388 | Udayasuriyan et al | 2009 | Bt | |
Cry2Aj1 | Zhicheng Shen | 2009 | |||
Cry2Ak1 | KC156660 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP067 | |
Cry2Al1 | KJ149819 | Indraarulselvi & Reyaz | 2014 | Bt SWK1 | |
Cry2Ba1 | KC156658 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP026 | |
Cry2Ba2 | KF014123 | Guihua Chen et al | 2013 | ||
Cry3Aa1 | AAA22336 | Herrnstadt et al | 1987 | Bt san diego | |
Cry3Aa2 | AAA22541 | Sekar et al | 1987 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Aa3 | CAA68482 | Hofte et al | 1987 | ||
Cry3Aa4 | AAA22542 | McPherson et al | 1988 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Aa5 | AAA50255 | Donovan et al | 1988 | Bt morrisoni EG2158 | |
Cry3Aa6 | AAC43266 | Adams et al | 1994 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Aa7 | CAB41411 | Zhang et al | 1999 | Bt 22 | |
Cry3Aa8 | AAS79487 | Gao and Cai | 2004 | Bt YM-03 | |
Cry3Aa9 | AAW05659 | Bulla and Candas | 2004 | Bt UTD-001 | |
Cry3Aa10 | AAU29411 | Chen et al | 2004 | Bt 886 | |
Cry3Aa11 | AAW82872 | Kurt et al | 2005 | Bt tenebrionis Mm2 | |
Cry3Aa12 | ABY49136 | Sezen et al | 2008 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cry3Ba1 | CAA34983 | Sick et al | 1990 | Bt tolworthi 43F | |
Cry3Ba2 | CAA00645 | Peferoen et al | 1990 | Bt PGSI208 | |
Cry3Ba3 | JQ397327 | Palma et al | 2011 | Bt | |
Cry3Bb1 | AAA22334 | Donovan et al | 1992 | Bt EG4961 | |
Cry3Bb2 | AAA74198 | Donovan et al | 1995 | Bt EG5144 | |
Cry3Ca1 | CAA42469 | Lambert et al | 1992 | Bt kurstaki BtI109P | |
Cry4Aa1 | CAA68485 | Ward & Ellar | 1987 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Aa2 | BAA00179 | Sen et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis HD522 | |
Cry4Aa3 | CAD30148 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Aa4 | AFB18317 | 376008213 | Li et al | 2012 | Bti BRC-LLP29 |
Cry4Ba1 | CAA30312 | Chungjatpornchai et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis 4Q2-72 | |
Cry4Ba2 | CAA30114 | Tungpradubkul, et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Ba3 | AAA22337 | Yamamoto et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Ba4 | BAA00178 | Sen et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis HD522 | |
Cry4Ba5 | CAD30095 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry4Ca1 | EU646202 | 194396263 | Shu et al | 2011 | Bt Y41 |
Cry4Cb1 | FJ403208 | 234203282 | Zhu et al | 2010 | Bt HS18-1 |
Cry4Cb2 | FJ597622 | 256033943 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt Ywc2-8 |
Cry4Cb3 | AHG25301 | Zhang et al | 2014 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry4Cc1 | FJ403207 | 234203244 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt MC28 |
Cry5Aa1 | AAA67694 | Narva et al | 1994 | Bt darmstadiensis PS17 | |
Cry5Ab1 | AAA67693 | Narva et al | 1991 | Bt darmstadiensis PS17 | |
Cry5Ad1 | ABQ82087 | Lenane et al | 2007 | Bt L366 | |
Cry5Ba1 | AAA68598 | Foncerrada & Narva | 1997 | Bt PS86Q3 | |
Cry5Ba2 | ABW88931 | Guo et al | 2008 | YBT 1518 | |
Cry5Ba3 | AFJ04417 | 386277681 | Wang et al | 2012 | Bt zjfc85 |
Cry5Ca1 | HM461869 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt003 | |
Cry5Ca2 | ZP_04123426 | 228961871 | Read et al | 2010 | Bt T13001 |
Cry5Da1 | HM461870 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt003 | |
Cry5Da2 | ZP_04123980 | 228962686 | Read et al | 2010 | Bt T13001 |
Cry5Ea1 | HM485580 | Sun et al | 2010 | Sbt003 | |
Cry5Ea2 | ZP_04124038 | 228962776 | Read et al | 2010 | Bt T13001 |
Cry6Aa1 | AAA22357 | Narva et al | 1993 | Bt PS52A1 | |
Cry6Aa2 | AAM46849 | Bai et al | 2001 | YBT 1518 | |
Cry6Aa3 | ABH03377 | Jia et al | 2006 | Bt 96418 | |
Cry6Ba1 | AAA22358 | Narva et al | 1991 | Bt PS69D1 | |
Cry7Aa1 | AAA22351 | Lambert et al | 1992 | Bt galleriae PGSI245 | |
Cry7Ab1 | AAA21120 | Narva & Fu | 1994 | BT Dakota HD511 | |
Cry7Ab2 | AAA21121 | Narva & Fu | 1994 | Bt kumamotoensis 867 | |
Cry7Ab3 | ABX24522 | Song et al | 2008 | Bt WZ-9 | |
Cry7Ab4 | EU380678 | 170877973 | Deng et al | 2011 | Bt HQ122 |
Cry7Ab5 | ABX79555 | Aguirre-Arzola, et al | 2008 | Bt monterrey GM-33 | |
Cry7Ab6 | ACI44005 | Deng et al | 2008 | Bt HQ122 | |
Cry7Ab7 | ADB89216 | Wang et al | 2010 | Bt GW6 | |
Cry7Ab8 | GU145299 | Feng & Guo | 2009 | ||
Cry7Ab9 | ADD92572 | Li et al | 2010 | Bt QG-121 | |
Cry7Ac1 | KJ789922 | Sun et al | 2014 | ||
Cry7Ba1 | ABB70817 | Zhang et al | 2006 | Bt huazhongensis | |
Cry7Bb1 | KC156653 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP013 | |
Cry7Ca1 | ABR67863 | Gao et al | 2007 | Bt BTH-13 | |
Cry7Cb1 | KC156698 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP269 | |
Cry7Da1 | ACQ99547 | Yi et al | 2009 | Bt LH-2 | |
Cry7Da2 | HM572236 | Shu et al | 2010 | ||
Cry7Da3 | KC156679 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP140 | |
Cry7Ea1 | HM035086 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt009 | |
Cry7Ea2 | HM132124 | Mao et al | 2010 | HD868 (D8) | |
Cry7Ea3 | EEM19403 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 | |
Cry7Fa1 | HM035088 | Geng et al | 2010 | SBt009 | |
Cry7Fa2 | EEM19090 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 | |
Cry7Fb1 | HM572235 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt | |
Cry7Fb2 | KC156682 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP162 | |
Cry7Fb3 | KF672184 | Qiao Li et al | 2014 | ||
Cry7Ga1 | HM572237 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt | |
Cry7Ga2 | KC156669 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP103 | |
Cry7Gb1 | KC156650 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP011 | |
Cry7Gc1 | KC156654 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP012 | |
Cry7Gd1 | KC156697 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP271 | |
Cry7Ha1 | KC156651 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP021 | |
Cry7Ia1 | KC156665 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP112 | |
Cry7Yes1 | KC156671 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP114 | |
Cry7Ka1 | KC156680 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP171 | |
Cry7Kb1 | BAM99306 | Takebe & Azuma | 2013 | Bt dakota | |
Cry7La1 | BAM99307 | Takebe & Azuma | 2013 | Bt dakota | |
Cry8Aa1 | AAA21117 | Narva & Fu | 1992 | Bt kumamotoensis | |
Cry8Ab1 | EU044830 | Cheng et al | 2007 | Bt B-JJX | |
Cry8Ac1 | KC156662 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP068 | |
Cry8Ad1 | KC156684 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP215 | |
Cry8Ba1 | AAA21118 | Narva & Fu | 1993 | Bt kumamotoensis | |
Cry8Bb1 | CAD57542 | Abad et al | 2002 | ||
Cry8Bc1 | CAD57543 | Abad et al | 2002 | ||
Cry8Ca1 | AAA21119 | Sato et al. | 1995 | Bt japonensis Buibui | |
Cry8Ca2 | AAR98783 | Shu et al | 2004 | Bt HBF-1 | |
Cry8Ca3 | EU625349 | 194272339 | Du et al | 2011 | Bt FTL-23 |
Cry8Ca4 | ADB54826 | Li et al | 2010 | Bt S185 | |
Cry8Da1 | BAC07226 | Asano et al | 2002 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry8Db1 | BAF93483 | Yamaguchi et al | 2007 | Bt BBT2-5 | |
Cry8Ea1 | AAQ73470 | Fuping et al | 2003 | Bt 185 | |
Cry8Ea2 | EU047597 | Liu et al | 2007 | Bt B DLL | |
Cry8Ea3 | KC855216 | Wei Wang | 2013 | ||
Cry8Ea4 | AGM16383 | Sun et al | 2013 | QZL144-1 | |
Cry8Ea5 | AGM16384 | Sun et al | 2013 | QZL144-4 | |
Cry8Fa1 | AAT48690 | Shu et al | 2004 | Bt 185 | |
Cry8Fa2 | HQ174208 | 307697880 | Zang et al | 2010 | Bt DLL |
Cry8Fa3 | AFH78109 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt L-27 | |
Cry8Fa4 | AGM16382 | Sun et al | 2013 | QHW7-2 | |
Cry8Ga1 | AAT46073 | Shu et al | 2004 | Bt HBF-18 | |
Cry8Ga2 | ABC42043 | Yan et al | 2008 | Bt 145 | |
Cry8Ga3 | FJ198072 | Sun et al | 2010 | Bt FCD114 | |
Cry8Ha1 | AAW81032 | Fuping et al | 2011 | Bt 185 | |
Cry8Ia1 | EU381044 | 170317962 | Yan et al | 2008 | Bt su4 |
Cry8Ia2 | GU073381 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt HW-11 | |
Cry8Ia3 | HM044664 | Ming Sun | 2010 | Sbt030 | |
Cry8Ia4 | KC156674 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP124 | |
Cry8Ib1 | GU325772 | Ming Sun | 2012 | Bt F4 | |
Cry8Ib2 | KC156677 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP135 | |
Cry8Ib3 | AHG25076 | Li et al | 2014 | Bt TS3 | |
Cry8Yes1 | EU625348 | 194272337 | Du et al | 2011 | Bt FPT-2 |
Cry8Ka1 | FJ422558 | 237506871 | Oliveira et al | 2011 | |
Cry8Ka2 | ACN87262 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt kenyae | |
Cry8Ka3 | AGM16381 | Sun et al | 2013 | QHW7-2 | |
Cry8Kb1 | HM123758 | Jun Zhu et al | 2010 | ST8 | |
Cry8Kb2 | KC156675 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP158 | |
Cry8Kb3 | KJ123823 | Navas et al | 2014 | INTA Fr7-4 | |
Cry8La1 | GU325771 | 314998608 | Ming Sun et al | 2012 | Bt F4 |
Cry8Ma1 | HM044665? | Ming Sun et al | 2010 | Sbt016 | |
Cry8Ma2 | EEM86551 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4CC1 | |
Cry8Ma3 | HM210574 | Mao et al | 2010 | NARC Bt17 (C6) | |
Cry8Na1 | HM640939 | 302141260 | Li et al | 2011 | BtQ52-7 |
Cry8Pa1 | HQ388415 | Qiao Li | 2010 | Bt ST8 | |
Cry8Pa2 | HQ413324 | Mao et al | 2013 | Bt QCM (T1) | |
Cry8Pa3 | KJ123823 | Navas et al | 2014 | INTA Fr7-4 | |
Cry8Qa1 | HQ441166 | Liang et al | 2010 | Bt ST8 | |
Cry8Qa2 | KC152468 | Amadio et al | 2012 | Bt INTA Fr7-4 | |
Cry8Ra1 | AFP87548 | 400653691 | Ben-Dov et al | 2012 | Bt R36 |
Cry8Sa1 | JQ740599 | Singaravelu, et al | 2012 | Bt strain 62 | |
Cry8Ta1 | KC156673 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP110 | |
Cry8-like | ABS53003 | Mangena et al | 2007 | Bt | |
Cry9Aa1 | CAA41122 | Shevelev et al | 1991 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry9Aa2 | CAA41425 | Gleave et al | 1992 | Bt DSIR517 | |
Cry9Aa3 | GQ249293 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt SC5 (D2) | |
Cry9Aa4 | GQ249294 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt T03C001 | |
Cry9Aa5 | JX174110 | Naimov et al | 2012 | BGSN1 | |
Cry9Ba1 | CAA52927 | Shevelev et al | 1993 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry9Ba2 | GU299522 | Zhao et al | 2010 | Bt B-SC5 | |
Cry9Bb1 | AAV28716 | Silva-Werneck et al | 2004 | Bt japonensis | |
Cry9Ca1 | CAA85764 | Lambert et al | 1996 | Bt tolworthi | |
Cry9Ca2 | AAQ52375 | Baum et al | 2003 | ||
Cry9Da1 | BAA19948 | Asano | 1997 | Bt japonensis N141 | |
Cry9Da2 | AAB97923 | Wasano & Ohba | 1998 | Bt japonensis | |
Cry9Da3 | GQ249293 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt SC5 (D2) | |
Cry9Da4 | GQ249297 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt T03B001 | |
Cry9Db1 | AAX78439 | Flannagan & Abad | 2005 | Bt kurstaki DP1019 | |
Cry9Dc1 | KC156683 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP168 | |
Cry9Ea1 | BAA34908 | Midoh & Oyama | 1998 | Bt aizawai SSK-10 | |
Cry9Ea2 | AAO12908 | Li et al | 2001 | Bt B-Hm-16 | |
Cry9Ea3 | ABM21765 | Lin et al | 2006 | Bt lyA | |
Cry9Ea4 | ACE88267 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt ywc5-4 | |
Cry9Ea5 | ACF04743 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bts | |
Cry9Ea6 | ACG63872 | Liu & Guo | 2008 | Bt 11 | |
Cry9Ea7 | FJ380927 | Sun et al | 2009 | Bt 4 | |
Cry9Ea8 | GQ249292 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt SC5 (E8) | |
Cry9Ea9 | JN651495 | Li Yuhong | 2011 | Bt LTS-7 | |
Cry9Eb1 | CAC50780 | Arnaut et al | 2001 | ||
Cry9Eb2 | GQ249298 | Su et al | 2012 | Bt T23001 | |
Cry9Eb3 | KC156646 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP057 | |
Cry9Ec1 | AAC63366 | Wasano et al | 2003 | Bt galleriae | |
Cry9Ed1 | AAX78440 | Flannagan & Abad | 2005 | Bt kurstaki DP1019 | |
Cry9Ee1 | GQ249296 | Su et al | 2009 | Bt T03B001 | |
Cry9Ee2 | KC156664 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP095 | |
Cry9Fa1 | KC156692 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP212 | |
Cry9Ga1 | KC156699 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP188 | |
Cry10Aa1 | AAA22614 | Thorne et al | 1986 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry10Aa3 | CAD30098 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry10Aa4 | AFB18318 | Li et al | 2012 | Bti BRC-LLP29 | |
Cry11Aa1 | AAA22352 | Donovan et al | 1988 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry11Aa2 | AAA22611 | Adams et al | 1989 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry11Aa3 | CAD30081 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry11Aa4 | AFB18319 | Li et al | 2012 | Bti BRC-LLP29 | |
Cry11Ba1 | CAA60504 | Delecluse et al | 1995 | Bt Jedathesan 367 | |
Cry11Bb1 | AAC97162 | Orduz et al | 1998 | Bt medellin | |
Cry11Bb2 | HM068615 | Melnikov et al | 2010 | Bt K34 | |
Cry12Aa1 | AAA22355 | Narva et al | 1991 | Bt PS33F2 | |
Cry13Aa1 | AAA22356 | Narva et al | 1992 | Bt PS63B | |
Cry14Aa1 | AAA21516 | Narva et al | 1994 | Bt sotto PS80JJ1 | |
Cry14Ab1 | KC156652 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP001 | |
Cry15Aa1 | AAA22333 | Brown & Whiteley | 1992 | Bt thompsoni | |
Cry16Aa1 | CAA63860 | Barloy et al | 1996 | CB malaysia CH18 | |
Cry17Aa1 | CAA67841 | Barloy et al | 1998 | CB malaysia CH18 | |
Cry18Aa1 | CAA67506 | Zhang et al | 1997 | Paenibacillus popilliae | |
Cry18Ba1 | AAF89667 | Patel et al | 1999 | Paenibacillus popilliae | |
Cry18Ca1 | AAF89668 | Patel et al | 1999 | Paenibacillus popilliae | |
Cry19Aa1 | CAA68875 | Rosso & Delecluse | 1996 | Bt Jedathesan 367 | |
Cry19Ba1 | BAA32397 | Hwang et al | 1998 | Bt higo | |
Cry19Ca1 | AFM37572 | Soufiane & Cote | 2012 | BGSC 4CE1 | |
Cry20Aa1 | AAB93476 | Lee & Gill | 1997 | Bt fukuokaensis | |
Cry20Ba1 | ACS93601 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt higo LBIT-976 | |
Cry20Ba2 | KC156694 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP192 | |
Cry21Ba1 | BAC06484 | Sato & Asano | 2002 | Bt roskildiensis | |
Cry21Ca1 | JF521577 | Liu et al | 2013 | ||
Cry21Ca2 | KC156687 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP258 | |
Cry21Da1 | JF521578 | Liu et al | 2011 | Sbt072 | |
Cry21Ea1 | KC865049 | Ming Sun | 2013 | ||
Cry21Fa1 | KF701307 | Iatsenko et al | 2013 | DB27 | |
Cry21Ga1 | KF771885 | Iatsenko et al | 2013 | DB27 | |
Cry21Ha1 | KF771886 | Iatsenko et al | 2013 | DB27 | |
Cry22Aa2 | CAD43579 | Isaac et al | 2002 | Bt | |
Cry22Aa3 | ACD93211 | Du et al | 2008 | Bt FZ-4 | |
Cry22Ab1 | AAK50456 | Baum et al | 2000 | Bt EG4140 | |
Cry22Ab2 | CAD43577 | Isaac et al | 2002 | Bt | |
Cry22Ba1 | CAD43578 | Isaac et al | 2002 | Bt | |
Cry22Bb1 | KC156672 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP148 | |
Cry23Aa1 | AAF76375 | Donovan et al | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry24Aa1 | AAC61891 | Kawalek and Gill | 1998 | Bt jedathesan | |
Cry24Ba1 | BAD32657 | Ohgushi et al | 2004 | Bt sotto | |
Cry24Ca1 | CAJ43600 | Beron & Salerno | 2005 | Bt FCC-41 | |
Cry25Aa1 | AAC61892 | Kawalek and Gill | 1998 | Bt jedathesan | |
Cry26Aa1 | AAD25075 | Wojciechowska, et al | 1999 | Bt finitimus B-1166 | |
Cry27Aa1 | BAA82796 | Saitoh | 1999 | Bt higo | |
Cry28Aa1 | AAD24189 | Wojciechowska, et al | 1999 | Bt finitimus B-1161 | |
Cry28Aa2 | AAG00235 | Moore and Debro | 2000 | Bt finitimus | |
Cry29Aa1 | CAC80985 | Delecluse et al | 2000 | Bt medellin | |
Cry29Ba1 | KC865046 | Ming Sun | 2013 | ||
Cry30Aa1 | CAC80986 | Delecluse et al | 2000 | Bt medellin | |
Cry30Ba1 | BAD00052 | Ito et al | 2003 | Bt entomocidus | |
Cry30Ca1 | BAD67157 | Ohgushi et al | 2004 | Bt sotto | |
Cry30Ca2 | ACU24781 | Sun and Park | 2009 | Bt Jedathesan 367 | |
Cry30Da1 | EF095955 | Shu et al | 2006 | Bt Y41 | |
Cry30Db1 | BAE80088 | Kishida et al | 2006 | Bt aizawai BUN1-14 | |
Cry30Ea1 | ACC95445 | Fang et al | 2007 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry30Ea2 | FJ499389 | 237688240 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt Ywc2-8 |
Cry30Ea3 | FJ527836 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt Hs18-1 | |
Cry30Ea4 | KJ740649 | Yu et al | 2014 | BN15-6 | |
Cry30Fa1 | ACI22625 | Tan et al | 2008 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry30Ga1 | ACG60020 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt HS18-1 | |
Cry30Ga2 | HQ638217 | 320383831 | Tian et al | 2010 | Bt S2160-1 |
Cry31Aa1 | BAB11757 | Saitoh & Mizuki | 2000 | Bt 84-HS-1-11 | |
Cry31Aa2 | AAL87458 | Jung and Cote | 2000 | Bt M15 | |
Cry31Aa3 | BAE79808 | Uemori et al | 2006 | Bt B0195 | |
Cry31Aa4 | BAF32571 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 79-25 | |
Cry31Aa5 | BAF32572 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 92-10 | |
Cry31Aa6 | BAI44026 | Nagamatsu et al | 2010 | M019 | |
Cry31Ab1 | BAE79809 | Uemori et al | 2006 | Bt B0195 | |
Cry31Ab2 | BAF32570 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 31-5 | |
Cry31Ac1 | BAF34368 | Yasutake et al | 2006 | Bt 87-29 | |
Cry31Ac2 | AB731600 | Hayakawa et al | 2012 | Bt B0462 | |
Cry31Ad1 | BAI44022 | Nagamatsu et al | 2010 | Bt MO19 | |
Cry32Aa1 | AAG36711 | Balasubramanian, et al | 2001 | Bt yunnanensis | |
Cry32Aa2 | GU063849 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt FBG-1 | |
Cry32Ab1 | GU063850 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt FZ-2 | |
Cry32Ba1 | BAB78601 | Takebe et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry32Ca1 | BAB78602 | Takebe et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry32Cb1 | KC156708 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP227 | |
Cry32Da1 | BAB78603 | Takebe et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry32Ea1 | GU324274 | Du et al | 2010 | Bt HYD-3 | |
Cry32Ea2 | KC156686 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP239 | |
Cry32Eb1 | KC156663 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP092 | |
Cry32Fa1 | KC156656 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP055 | |
Cry32Ga1 | KC156657 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP052 | |
Cry32Ha1 | KC156661 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP076 | |
Cry32Hb1 | KC156666 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP096 | |
Cry32Ia1 | KC156667 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP104 | |
Cry32Yes1 | KC156685 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP262 | |
Cry32Ka1 | KC156688 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP259 | |
Cry32La1 | KC156689 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP203 | |
Cry32Ma1 | KC156690 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP256 | |
Cry32Mb1 | KC156704 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP242 | |
Cry32Na1 | KC156691 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP179 | |
Cry32Oa1 | KC156703 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP218 | |
Cry32Pa1 | KC156705 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP277 | |
Cry32Qa1 | KC156706 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP174 | |
Cry32Ra1 | KC156707 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP229 | |
Cry32Sa1 | KC156709 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP185 | |
Cry32Ta1 | KC156710 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP220 | |
Cry32Ua1 | KC156655 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP050 | |
Cry33Aa1 | AAL26871 | Kim et al | 2001 | Bt dakota | |
Cry34Aa1 | AAG50341 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS80JJ1 | |
Cry34Aa2 | AAK64560 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG5899 | |
Cry34Aa3 | AAT29032 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS69Q | |
Cry34Aa4 | AAT29030 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS185GG | |
Cry34Ab1 | AAG41671 | Moellenbeck et al | 2001 | Bt PS149B1 | |
Cry34Ac1 | AAG50118 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS167H2 | |
Cry34Ac2 | AAK64562 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG9444 | |
Cry34Ac3 | AAT29029 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt KR1369 | |
Cry34Ba1 | AAK64565 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG4851 | |
Cry34Ba2 | AAT29033 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201L3 | |
Cry34Ba3 | AAT29031 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201HH2 | |
Cry35Aa1 | AAG50342 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS80JJ1 | |
Cry35Aa2 | AAK64561 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG5899 | |
Cry35Aa3 | AAT29028 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS69Q | |
Cry35Aa4 | AAT29025 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS185GG | |
Cry35Ab1 | AAG41672 | Moellenbeck et al | 2001 | Bt PS149B1 | |
Cry35Ab2 | AAK64563 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG9444 | |
Cry35Ab3 | AY536891 | AAT29024 | 2004 | Bt KR1369 | |
Cry35Ac1 | AAG50117 | Ellis et al | 2001 | Bt PS167H2 | |
Cry35Ba1 | AAK64566 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt EG4851 | |
Cry35Ba2 | AAT29027 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201L3 | |
Cry35Ba3 | AAT29026 | Schnepf et al | 2004 | Bt PS201HH2 | |
Cry36Aa1 | AAK64558 | Rupar et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cry37Aa1 | AAF76376 | Donovan et al | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry38Aa1 | AAK64559 | Rupar et al | 2000 | Bt | |
Cry39Aa1 | BAB72016 | Ito et al | 2001 | Bt aizawai | |
Cry40Aa1 | BAB72018 | Ito et al | 2001 | Bt aizawai | |
Cry40Ba1 | BAC77648 | Ito et al | 2003 | Bun1-14 | |
Cry40Ca1 | EU381045 | 170317964 | Shu et al | 2011 | Bt Y41 |
Cry40Da1 | ACF15199 | Zhang et al | 2008 | Bt S2096-2 | |
Cry41Aa1 | BAD35157 | Yamashita et al | 2003 | Bt A1462 | |
Cry41Ab1 | BAD35163 | Yamashita et al | 2003 | Bt A1462 | |
Cry41Ba1 | HM461871 | Sun et al | 2010 | Sbt021 | |
Cry41Ba2 | ZP_04099652 | 228936898 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4AW1 |
Cry42Aa1 | BAD35166 | Yamashita et al | 2003 | Bt A1462 | |
Cry43Aa1 | BAD15301 | Yokoyama and Tanaka | 2003 | P. lentimorbus semadara | |
Cry43Aa2 | BAD95474 | Nozawa | 2004 | P. popilliae popilliae | |
Cry43Ba1 | BAD15303 | Yokoyama and Tanaka | 2003 | P. lentimorbus semadara | |
Cry43Ca1 | KC156676 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP132 | |
Cry43Cb1 | KC156695 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP252 | |
Cry43Cc1 | KC156696 | Sampson et al | 2012 | ARP191 | |
Cry43-like | BAD15305 | Yokoyama and Tanaka | 2003 | P. lentimorbus semadara | |
Cry44Aa | BAD08532 | Ito et al | 2004 | Bt entomocidus INA288 | |
Cry45Aa | BAD22577 | Okumura et al | 2004 | Bt 89-T-34-22 | |
Cry46Aa | BAC79010 | Ito et al | 2004 | Bt dakota | |
Cry46Aa2 | BAG68906 | Ishikawa et al | 2008 | Bt A1470 | |
Cry46 Fig | BAD35170 | Yamagiwa et al | 2004 | Bt | |
Cry47Aa | AAY24695 | Kongsuwan et al | 2005 | Bt CAA890 | |
Cry48Aa | CAJ18351 | Jones and Berry | 2005 | Bs IAB59 | |
Cry48Aa2 | CAJ86545 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 47-6B | |
Cry48Aa3 | CAJ86546 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs NHA15b | |
Cry48 Fig | CAJ86548 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs LP1G | |
Cry48Ab2 | CAJ86549 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 2173 | |
Cry49Aa | CAH56541 | Jones and Berry | 2005 | Bs IAB59 | |
Cry49Aa2 | CAJ86541 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 47-6B | |
Cry49Aa3 | CAJ86543 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | BsNHA15b | |
Cry49Aa4 | CAJ86544 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs 2173 | |
Cry49Ab1 | CAJ86542 | Jones and Berry | 2006 | Bs LP1G | |
Cry50Aa1 | BAE86999 | 89885725 | Ohgushi et al | 2006 | Bt sotto |
Cry50Ba1 | GU446675 | Zhang & Fang | 2011 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry50Ba2 | GU446676 | Zhang et al | 2011 | Bt S3161-3 | |
Cry51Aa1 | ABI14444 | 112253719 | Meng et al | 2006 | Bt F14-1 |
Cry51Aa2 | GU570697 | Baum et al | 2011 | EG2934 | |
Cry52Aa1 | EF613489 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt Y41 | |
Cry52Ba1 | FJ361760 | 227976386 | Zhu et al | 2010 | Bt BM59-2 |
Cry53Aa1 | EF633476 | Shu et al | 2010 | Bt Y41 | |
Cry53Ab1 | FJ361759 | 227976384 | Zhu et al | 2011 | Bt MC28 |
Cry54Aa1 | ACA52194 | 169261091 | Tan et al | 2009 | Bt MC28 |
Cry54Aa2 | GQ140349 | Lixin Du et al | 2012 | Bt FBG25 | |
Cry54Ab1 | JQ916908 | Guan Peng | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry54Ba1 | GU446677 | Zhang & Fang | 2010 | Bt S2160-1 | |
Cry54Ba2 | KJ740650 | Yu et al | 2014 | BN15-6 | |
Cry55Aa1 | ABW88932 | Guo et al | 2008 | YBT 1518 | |
Cry55Aa2 | AAE33526 | 10056620 | Bradfisch et al | 2000 | Bt Y41 |
Cry55Aa3 | HG764207 | Balasubramani, et al | 2013 | Bt T44 | |
Cry56Aa1 | ACU57499 | 256033941 | Zhu et al | 2010 | Bt Ywc2-8 |
Cry56Aa2 | GQ483512 | 300837105 | Guan et al | 2009 | Bt G7-1 |
Cry56Aa3 | JX025567 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt HS18-1 | |
Cry56Aa4 | KJ740651 | Yu et al | 2014 | BN7-5 | |
Cry57Aa1 | ANC87261 | 225348555 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt kim |
Cry57Ab1 | KF638650 | Guowang Zhou | 2013 | ||
Cry58Aa1 | ANC87260 | 225348553 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt entomocidus |
Cry59Ba1 | JN790647 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt Bm59-2 | |
Cry59Aa1 | ACR43758 | 239638225 | Noguera & Ibarra | 2009 | Bt kim LBIT-980 |
Cry60Aa1 | ACU24782 | 255653180 | Sun and Park | 2009 | Bt jedathesan |
Cry60Aa2 | EAO57254 | 74494162 | Anderson et al | 2005 | Bt israelensis |
Cry60Aa3 | EEM99278 | 228854669 | Read et al | 2009 | Bt IBL 4222 |
Cry60Ba1 | GU810818 | 292398077 | Sun and Park | 2009 | Bt malayensis |
Cry60Ba2 | EAO57253 | Anderson et al | 2005 | Bt israelensis | |
Cry60Ba3 | EEM99279 | Read et al | 2009 | Bt IBL 4222 | |
Cry61Aa1 | HM035087 | Geng et al | 2010 | Sbt009 | |
Cry61Aa2 | HM132125 | Mao et al | 2010 | HD868 (E5) | |
Cry61Aa3 | EEM19308 | 228770790 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 |
Cry62Aa1 | HM054509 | Zhu et al | 2010 | ST7 | |
Cry63Aa1 | BAI44028 | 260268375 | Nagamatsu et al | 2010 | MO19 |
Cry64Aa1 | BAJ05397 | 294661779 | Ekino et al | 2010 | Bt tohokuensis |
Cry65Aa1 | HM461868 | Geng et al | 2010 | SBt 003 | |
Cry65Aa2 | ZP_04123838 | 228962456 | Read et al | 2010 | T13001 |
Cry66Aa1 | HM485581 | Sun et al | 2010 | SBt 021 | |
Cry66Aa2 | ZP_04099945 | 228937265 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4AW1 |
Cry67Aa1 | HM485582 | Sun et al | 2010 | SBt 009 | |
Cry67Aa2 | ZP_04148882 | 228988817 | Read et al | 2010 | BGSC 4Y1 |
Cry68Aa1 | HQ113114 | Peng Guan et al | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry69Aa1 | HQ401006 | Peng Guan | 2011 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry69Aa2 | JQ821388 | Peng Guan | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cry69Ab1 | JN209957 | Yujie Tang | 2011 | Bt hs18-1 | |
Cry70Aa1 | JN646781 | Qiao Li | 2011 | Bt hs18-1 | |
Cry70Ba1 | ADO51070 | 308756031 | Guan et al | 2011 | Bt MC28 |
Cry70Bb1 | EEL67276 | 228715456 | Read et al | 2009 | Bc AH603 |
Cry71Aa1 | JX025568 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt Hs18-1 | |
Cry72Aa1 | JX025569 | Qiao Li et al | 2012 | Bt Hs18-1 | |
Cry73Aa | AEH76822 | Liu et al | 2013 | Sbt Sbt029 | |
Cyt1Aa1 | X03182 | Waalwijk et al | 1985 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt1Aa2 | X04338 | Ward & Ellar | 1986 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt1Aa3 | Y00135 | Earp & Ellar | 1987 | Bt morrisoni PG14 | |
Cyt1Aa4 | M35968 | Galjart et al | 1987 | Bt morrisoni PG14 | |
Cyt1Aa5 | AL731825 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt1Aa6 | ABC17640 | Zhang et al | 2005 | Bt LLP29 | |
Cyt1Aa7 | KF152888 | Qinyang Hong | 2013 | Bt BRC-HQY1 | |
Cyt1Aa-like | ABB01172 | Mahalakshmi | 2007 | Bt LDC-9 | |
Cyt1Ab1 | X98793 | Thiery et al | 1997 | Bt medellin | |
Cyt1Ba1 | U37196 | Payne et al | 1995 | Bt neoleoensis | |
Cyt1Da1 | HQ113115 | Peng Guan | 2012 | Bt MC28 | |
Cyt1Da2 | JN226105 | Yujie Tang | 2011 | hs18-1 | |
Cyt2Aa1 | Z14147 | Koni & Ellar | 1993 | Bt kyushuensis | |
Cyt2Aa2 | AF472606 | Promdonkoy & Panyim | 2001 | Bt gut stadiensis73E10 | |
Cyt2Aa3 | EU835185 | Zhu et al | 2008 | Bt MC28 | |
Cyt2Aa4 | AEG19547 | Guo et al | 2011 | Bt WFS-97 | |
Cyt2Ba1 | U52043 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt israelensis 4Q2 | |
Cyt2Ba2 | AF020789 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt israelensis PG14 | |
Cyt2Ba3 | AF022884 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt fuokukaensis | |
Cyt2Ba4 | AF022885 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | BT morrisoni HD12 | |
Cyt2Ba5 | AF022886 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | BT morrisoni HD518 | |
Cyt2Ba6 | AF034926 | Guerchicoff et al | 1997 | Bt tenebrionis | |
Cyt2Ba7 | AF215645 | Yu & Pang | 2000 | Bt T301 | |
Cyt2Ba8 | AF215646 | Yu & Pang | 2000 | Bt T36 | |
Cyt2Ba9 | AL731825 | Berry et al | 2002 | Bt israelensis | |
Cyt2Ba10 | ACX54358 | Sauka & Benintende | 2009 | Bti HD 567 | |
Cyt2Ba11 | ACX54359 | Sauka & Benintende | 2009 | Bti HD 522 | |
Cyt2Ba12 | ACX54360 | Sauka & Benintende | 2009 | Bti INTA H41-1 | |
Cyt2Ba13 | FJ205865 | 209168617 | Sauka & Benintende | 2009 | INTA 160-2 |
Cyt2Ba14 | FJ205866 | 209168619 | Sauka & Benintende | 2009 | Bti IPS82 |
Cyt2Ba15 | JF283552 | 342360662 | Zhang et al | 2011 | Bt LLP29 |
Cyt2Ba-like | ABE99695 | Mahalakshmi et al | 2007 | Bt LDC-9 | |
Cyt2Bb1 | U82519 | Cheong & Gill | 1997 | Bt jedathesan | |
Cyt2Bc1 | CAC80987 | Delecluse et al | 1999 | Bt medellin | |
Cyt2B-like | DQ341380 | Zhang et al | 2005 | ||
Cyt2Ca1 | AAK50455 | Baum et al | 2001 | Bt | |
Cyt3Aa1 | HM596591 | Zhu Jun | 2010 | Bt TD516 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Ohba, E. Mizuki, A. Uemori: Parasporin, a new anticancer protein group from Bacillus thuringiensis. In: Anticancer Research . Volume 29, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 427-433, ISSN 0250-7005 . PMID 19331182 . PDF .
- ↑ NP Chougule, BC Bonning: toxin for transgenic resistance to hemipteran pests. In: Toxins. Volume 4, Number 6, June 2012, pp. 405-429, ISSN 2072-6651 . doi : 10.3390 / toxins4060405 . PMID 22822455 . PMC 3398418 (free full text).
- ^ MA Ibrahim, N. Griko, M. Junker, LA Bulla: Bacillus thuringiensis: a genomics and proteomics perspective. In: Bioengineered bugs. Volume 1, Number 1, 2010 Jan-Feb, pp. 31-50, ISSN 1949-1026 . doi : 10.4161 / bbug.1.1.10519 . PMID 21327125 . PMC 3035146 (free full text).
- ↑ A. Bravo, S. Likitvivatanavong, SS Gill, M. Soberón: Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide. In: Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. Volume 41, Number 7, July 2011, pp. 423-431, ISSN 1879-0240 . doi : 10.1016 / j.ibmb.2011.02.006 . PMID 21376122 . PMC 3689885 (free full text).
- ↑ Monsanto: Safety Assessment of MON 89034 ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Monsanto: Safety Assessment of YieldGard VT Rootworm / RR2 TM, MON 88017 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ EPA: SmartStax Factsheet
- ↑ BE Tabashnik, JB Van Rensburg, Y. Carrière: Field-evolved insect resistance to Bt crops: definition, theory, and data. In: Journal of economic entomology. Volume 102, Number 6, December 2009, pp. 2011-2025, ISSN 0022-0493 . PMID 20069826 .
- ↑ BE Tabashnik, K. Wu, Y. Wu: Early detection of field-evolved resistance to Bt cotton in China: cotton bollworm and pink bollworm. In: Journal of invertebrate pathology. Volume 110, Number 3, July 2012, pp. 301-306, ISSN 1096-0805 . doi : 10.1016 / j.jip.2012.04.008 . PMID 22537835 .
- ↑ Aaron J. Gassmann, Jennifer L. Petzold-Maxwell et al. a .: Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm. In: PLoS ONE. 6, 2011, p. E22629, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0022629 .
- ↑ BMBF: No resistant pests ; GMO Safety, September 22, 2003 , last accessed May 26, 2019.
- ↑ New Designer Toxins Kill Bt-Resistant Insect Pests . sciencedaily.com, November 1, 2007, (accessed October 27, 2011)
- ↑ Jan-Wolfhard Kellmann: New bacterial toxins against resistant plant pests. Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, press release from October 19, 2011 from Informationsdienst Wissenschaft (idw-online.de), accessed on October 27, 2011.
- ↑ JW Kronstad, HE Schnepf, HR Whiteley: Diversity of locations for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes. In: Journal of Bacteriology . Volume 154, Number 1, April 1983, pp. 419-428, PMID 6833183 . PMC 217475 (free full text).