Buduma (people)

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The Buduma , also Boudouma , their own name Yedina , are an ethnic group on Lake Chad in West Africa .

They live on the islands and on the shores of the lake, whose neighboring countries are Cameroon , Niger , Nigeria and Chad . Their language is also called Buduma and is spoken by around 54,800 people.

history

The name Buduma is a foreign name from the Kanuri language . There budu means "grass" - ma is a noun agentis . Buduma literally means “grass people” or “grass people”. This corresponds to the tradition of the Buduma, according to which they are descended from Rige , a Kanuri man who hid in the swamps of Lake Chad from his older brother Mai Ali . Rige met the Sao there , who married him to a woman named Sado Saoram . From this Kanuri-Sao connection came Bulu , whose children are the ancestors of the Buduma.

Until the 19th century, the Buduma lived on the periphery of the Kanem-Bornu state , which did not succeed in gaining complete control over Lake Chad. The Buduma plundered Kanem-Bornu, and both sides tried to maintain trade relations. At the beginning of the French colonial era from 1900 onwards, there was ongoing fighting between Buduma, Kanembu and Tuareg , with entire villages being evacuated. When Buduma attacked French military posts in Chad, the French occupied the Lake Chad Islands in 1905. The direct rule of the French in the Buduma areas administered from Bol were noticeably limited due to a lack of infrastructure and personnel. During the Second World War, there was absolutely no French there. It was not until Lake Chad was opened up for traffic in 1950 that the Buduma was finally placed under state administration.

Social

The Buduma are organized into about 24 clans . The most important clans in the Lake Chad Archipelago are the Budja, Maibula, Dalla, Maiwadja, Guria, Kelea, Orsogana and Marengana clans. An elected clan chief is addressed as May . In addition, the ethnic group is not organized collectively. As religions, Islam and traditional religions are common. Polygamy is widespread, and spouses usually live virilocal . Transhumant cattle husbandry is of particular economic importance to the Buduma . In addition, fishing, agriculture and trade are practiced and transport services with pirogues and reed boats are offered. The Buduma are particularly known for their Kuri cattle , a subspecies of the taurine cattle, which have unusually large, sometimes onion-shaped horns in both sexes. The reed boats of the Buduma are called kadai in their language . The Buduma are considered to be experienced boat builders, so the Norwegian Thor Heyerdahl used this knowledge and the knowledge of three Buduma reed boat builders, namely Omar, Mussa and Abdullah, in the design and construction of the Ra I , which in 1969 was about 5000 km across the Atlantic Ocean sailed.

literature

  • Jan Patrick Heiß: A little known ethnic group: The Yedina of the Lake Chad Islands. Results of a discontinued research (=  working papers of the Institute for Ethnology and African Studies . No. 65 ). Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 2006 ( hbz-nrw.de [PDF; 2.0 MB ]).
  • Guy Immega: Ancient Egypt's Lost Legacy? The Buduma Culture of Lake Chad. Friends of Niger, 2012
  • Walter Konrad: People of the grasses Studies on the Buduma (Yedina) of Lake Chad (=  Borno Sahara and Sudan Studies. Studies in the Humanuties and Social Sciences University of Maiduguri ). Rüdiger Köppe Verlag Cologne, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89645-507-9 .
  • Adolf Overweg : Journey to the Buduma . In: Kurt Schleucher (Ed.): Early Paths to the Heart of Africa . tape 4 : Germans among other peoples. Turris, Darmstadt 1969, p. 176-206 .
  • Percy Amaury Talbot : The Buduma of Lake Chad . In: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland . No. 41 , 1911, pp. 245-259 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Buduma. In: Ethnologue: Languages ​​of the World. Seventeenth edition. SIL International, 2013, accessed August 5, 2013 .
  2. ↑ a b Elhadji Ari Awagana: Grammar of Buduma. Phonology, morphology, syntax (=  contributions to African studies . Volume 13 ). LIT, Münster / Hamburg / Berlin / London 2002, ISBN 3-8258-5644-5 , pp. 2 .
  3. ↑ Jan Patrick Heiss: A little known ethnic group: The Yedina of the Tschadseeinseln. Results of a discontinued research (=  working papers of the Institute for Ethnology and African Studies . No. 65 ). Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 2006, p. 113 . PDF file; 1.92 MB ( Memento from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 223-224 .
  5. ↑ Jan Patrick Heiss: A little known ethnic group: The Yedina of the Tschadseeinseln. Results of a discontinued research (=  working papers of the Institute for Ethnology and African Studies . No. 65 ). Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 2006, p. 125 . PDF file; 1.92 MB ( Memento from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Jan Patrick Heiss: A little known ethnic group: The Yedina of the Tschadseeinseln. Results of a discontinued research (=  working papers of the Institute for Ethnology and African Studies . No. 65 ). Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 2006, p. 131-133 . PDF file; 1.92 MB ( Memento from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Kuri publication of the FAO (PDF document) (English)
  8. ↑ Guy Immega: Ancient Egypt's Lost Legacy? The Buduma Culture of Lake Chad. 2012
  9. ↑ Thor Heyerdahl: Expedition Ra, in a papyrus boat across the Atlantic Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1973