Bladder stone castle (St. Thomas am bladder stone)
The bladder stone castle was located in the municipality of St. Thomas am bladder stone in the Perg district of Upper Austria . Two (possibly even three) castles were located here, which stood on the site of today's parish church and the rectory. The upper Burgstall or Kirchenburgstall is also called “Bäckerburgstall” because of its proximity to the earlier “ Bäck ” (1589 “Obertafern”, today Gasthaus Gebetsberger); it is located east of the church on the summit; the Lower Burgstall or Kreuz-Burgstall is located around the "Buckelwehlucka" stone; the "Pfarrerburgstall" (also called Pfarrhofburgstall) lies exactly in the middle between the other two.
history
In a Passau document from the 13th century, two castles in bladder stone of Otto et Walchunus nobiles dicte de Machlant are mentioned ( duo castra Plasenstein ), which should have existed in 1150. Due to the lack of further indications, it cannot be decided whether this is a double castle foundation or a building development. The exact founding time is also not known.
Bladder stone was the seat of the nobles of bladder stone. Otto von Machland and Bishop Reginbert von Passau donated the place to the Waldhausen monastery in 1146 . After Otto's death († 1149) his property passed to his brother Walchun von Klamm, who also referred to himself as "de Machlant" in some documents. When Walchun passed away around 1162, the inheritance came to the husband of his only daughter Adelheid, Count Hermann von Velburg, who lived in the Upper Palatinate. In 1183 he also called himself “Count von Blasenstein”. In 1190 a castle man named Wintherus de blasenstein appears, in 1218 and 1234 other servants of this name are known ( Wolfirius et Henricus frater eius de blasenstein ). For three generations, the Machländer property belonged to the Counts of Velburg-Klamm. When Count Ulrich von Velburg-Klamm died in 1218, his property in the Machland passed to the Babenbergs and later to the Habsburgs on the basis of inheritance contracts . The other owners are the Zelkingers (1410). In 1458 Peter Engelhartstetter vowed to Duke Albrecht II of Austria "to be obedient to him with the castle bladder stone (in Machlande)".
The upper castle, probably one of the mansions of the Lords of Machland , can be found on the rocky knoll above the parish church dedicated to St. Thomas the Apostle . The lower castle, possibly the seat of a ministerial , is located on the so-called bladder stone ("Buckelwehlucken" stone).
In 1967 Alfred Höllhuber discovered a number of cavities on the "Buckelwehlucka" stone in St. Thomas, which can be interpreted as wall coverings on sloping ground. According to local tradition, the stone massif in question is called the "lower castle stables". Also on the “upper Burgstall” on its north ramp and on the southern steep slope, bedding was found. This led to the assumption that one of the bubbles stone castle was on the hilltop above the church with an extension of about 30 by 18 m and the other about 180 m west of it on the rock of the "Buckelwehlucka" stone.
On the Lower Burgstall you could see the course of the wall for the hall and courtyard in the outer flight through the small but neatly chiseled out bedding steps on the outermost edge of the flat rock plateau. The superimposed on this almost horizontally flattened granite hump, 6-meter-high cliff with the "Buckelwehlucka" probably formed the foundation and the base of the erected about the keep . The floor plan of this facility was approx. 31.5 m by 15.5 m (largest width). This generally corresponds to the dimensions of the Romanesque stone castles found in the Mühlviertel at high altitude, which mostly consisted of a keep, a palas and one or two small courtyards. When the wall bedding on the northwest side of the plateau was exposed, small remains of the masonry with lime mortar were found, as well as a large number of ceramic shards, metal finds (keys, knife blades, horseshoes and nails) and other objects (spindle whorls, animal bones). On the other hand, only a few pot fragments could be secured on the Upper Burgstall.
From the archaeological finds it can be deduced with some certainty that the lower bladder stone castle was no longer inhabited at the turn of the Romanesque to the Gothic period (around 1300). In any case, around 1330 only the capella s. Thome and spoken by sant Thomas pharr in 1380 . Possibly the agreement between the two castles with the Interregnum in the middle of the 13th century and the disputes between Ottokar II Přemysl of Bohemia and the Habsburgs can be linked. It is unlikely that the disappearance of the castles had anything to do with the Hussite invasions of 1428 and 1432. It is also controversial whether the castle was converted into a rectory on the site of the Upper Castle in 1209. In 1331 St. Thomas is mentioned as a subsidiary church of Münzbach , it was not until 1347 that Duke Albrecht II founded a daily mass here and since 1359 St. Thomas has been documented as an independent parish. The oldest part of today's church, which was built on the site of the upper castle, is believed to date from this time, i.e. the first half of the 14th century.
Bubble stone castle today
The parish church of St. Thomas was built on or next to the site of the Upper Castle. In the passage through the church, features (Romanesque masonry) of the earlier fortress can still be seen. From the oldest masonry, a 1.70 m long and 1.65 m high section of the wall and a 4.50 m exposed wall bedding of this earlier wall have been preserved at the foot of the outer southern church wall.
As far as the lower castle is concerned, halfway up the ascent to the bladder stone there are still cavities in the rock, in which the gate walls of the first, not further protected entrance into a small, kennel-like forecourt may have been anchored. Halfway up the rock head lies the stepped mortise, which rises slightly at an angle to the top to the right, for the approach to the inner front wall of the keep; to the left pull up the bedding of the assumed eastern inner wall.
literature
- Georg Grüll : Castles and palaces in Upper Austria, Volume 1: Mühlviertel . Birken-Verlag, Vienna 1962.
- Oskar Hille: Castles and palaces in Upper Austria then and now . Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Sons, Horn 1975, ISBN 3-85028-023-3 .
- Alfred Höllhuber : ... duo castra Plasenstein ... - The two castles bubble stone. A contribution to determining their location, with a find report. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 124a, Linz 1979, pp. 67-104.
- Josef Reitinger: The prehistoric and early historical finds in Upper Austria . Oberösterreichischer Landesverlag (= publication series of the OÖ. Musealverein, Volume 3), Linz 1968.
- Christian K. Steingruber : A critical consideration of the historical-topographical manual of the fortifications and mansions of Upper Austria . Upper Austrian Provincial Archives , Linz 2013.
- Walter Neweklowsky: Founders of the castles - noble families from Upper Austria (II). In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Volume 27, Issue 1/2, Linz 1973, p. 46 (entire article p. 21–56, online (PDF; 1.9 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christian K. Steingruber , 2013, p. 264.
Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 45.6 " N , 14 ° 45 ′ 44.6" E