Bvistrizi

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Bvistrizi was the name of Castle Ward and possibly a castle in Gau Nisan (i) that in a royal charter of Emperor Henry IV is mentioned in pago Nisani in burchwardo Bvistrizi . The certificate is dated October 28, 1068, and Rochlitz is mentioned as the place of issue . It is not free from doubts, since this diploma could possibly also belong to the forgery complex of documents in favor of the Meissen Monastery from the 10th and 11th centuries. In this case, a forgery from the middle of the 12th century or from around 1200 would be conceivable.

Content of the diploma

According to the Regesta Imperii (RI), the document essentially reads:

Heinrich gives the cathedral chapter of Meißen to his and his wife, Queen Bertha, salvation of the soul and, due to the intervention of the bishops Hermann von Bamberg, Gregor von Vercelli and Benno von Meißen, two Königshufen belonging to the Löbtau estate, which if necessary through well-cultivated lands in the Nearby Burgward Bvistrizi in the Nisani-Gau are to be added, along with all accessories and all income.

The carte blanche in this diploma is completely unusual and outside the normal norm of comparable royal certificates :

Königshufen, which should be supplemented if necessary by well-cultivated land in the nearby Burgward Bvistrizi in the Nisani district.

Obviously, this was the wish of the father of the diploma, since it gave the diocese of Meissen universal access to the entire area of ​​the Weißeritz. It could therefore even have played a decisive role in the disputes with the Burgraves of Dohna in the Weißeritz area and around Thorun Castle in 1206, if not at that point in time (a whole series from 968 and 971 documents produced in favor of the demarcation in the sense of the diocese of Meissen actually only date from the year 1250).

The fact that the intervention Benno von Meißen is also the beneficiary of the document is also completely outside of the norm for royal documents from the year 1068 and before and after that . The usual formula for the favored cleric (even for archbishops) was in all other documents of Henry IV around 1068: as well as in view of the loyal service .

  • Diploma dated May 14, 1068 (Dortmund): and in view of the loyal service of Bishop Burchard (von Halberstadt, Bishop 1059 to 1085) in favor of Halberstadt (market law)
  • Diploma dated May 29, 1068 (Soest): at the request of Archbishop Annos of Cologne (from 1056 to 1075 Archbishop) and in view of the loyal services Archbishop Annos did , Heinrich favors his establishment (from 1064) Siegburg Monastery (later the Imperial Abbey )
  • Diploma of August 5, 1068 (Goslar) in favor of the Diocese of Hildesheim: as well as in consideration of the faithful service of Bishop Hezilo (of Hildesheim, from 1054 to 1079 bishop)
  • Diploma dated August 12, 1068 (Berstadt): as well as in view of the loyal services of Bishop Hermann = Hermann I of Bamberg (Bishop from 1065 to 1075; died on June 26, 1084 in Münsterschwarzach ) in favor of the Episcopal Church in Bamberg
  • Diploma of October 18, 1068 (Meißen): and in view of the faithful service of Bishop Eberhard (from 1045 to 1079 Bishop of Naumburg) in favor of the Episcopal Church in Naumburg
    • 2. Diploma from October 18, 1068 (Meißen): as well as in view of the faithful service of Bishop Eberhard (from 1045 to 1079 Bishop of Naumburg) in favor of the Episcopal Church in Naumburg

From this it can be concluded that at the time the certificate was drawn up, the formula and form of diplomas from 1068 were no longer sufficiently known, which could apply to the middle of the 12th century as well as to the period around 1200. Apparently, the emperor's stay in Meißen on October 18, 1068 was still known, from which a document of October 28, 1068 in Rochlitz was derived. Here, too, the question arises why the emperor had not already issued the document favoring the diocese of Meißen directly on October 18 in Meißen, as was so often the case. The documents from October 18, 1068 were apparently not available when the document issued on October 28, 1068 was issued. They were and are kept in the monastery archive in Naumburg.

It is also unusual that no Burgward is mentioned at Löbtau, but the nearby Burgward Bvistrizi in the Nisani district . This speaks on the one hand for a missing German Burgward structure in the west of the Gau Nisan and for the lack of German rule up to the time of the burgraviate, on the other hand for a diploma after the Burgward period around 1150.

In addition, the content is also ahistorical. The diploma states that Henry IV had free power of disposal over Burgward Bvistrizi in 1068. In fact, in 1068 the Duke (and later King) of Bohemia Vratislav II had Nisan, including the Weißeritz area. In 1085 his daughter Judith (Jutta) of Bohemia received Nisan and Budissin (the region around Bautzen ) as a dowry in the marriage with Wiprecht von Groitzsch . In addition, a Bohemian castle Gvozdec in the extreme northwest of Nisan near Meissen, which was destroyed in 1076 and immediately rebuilt, makes a simultaneous Meissen possession much further west of it near the Weißeritz questionable. In terms of historicity, Cosmas von Prag as an annalist (also on Gvosdec) is to be assessed more credibly than a document from the former monastery archive in Meißen in favor of the cathedral chapter in Meißen, which forged a large number of diplomas from the 10th and 11th centuries. Bohemia still had Nisan until 1142. The document was probably dated back more than 74 years.

For such considerations, the long-time director of the Regesta Imperii , Julius von Ficker , had already questioned the authenticity of the diploma. At the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH), these doubts were not shared:

Written and written by PA, who was unable to get along with the space available to him and therefore had to cram the escha protocol tightly together. Ficker's objections (additions and corrections to Stumpf Reg. 2720) to the originality are unfounded.

The efforts of the diplomats to keep their stock of usable diplomas as pure as possible, as well as a rivalry between the two institutions, also played a role in the negative attitude of the MGH towards the RI. The MGH's argumentation is weak because the content of the paragraph contradicts itself: a trained and royal scribe would have been able to get by with the space available. This representation is more of an argument for Ficker's objections . The processing period (from 1941) is likely to have influenced this representation of the MGH to a not insignificant extent, since at this time great efforts were made to give the German clear priority over Slavic , an effort that was carried out during Ficker's lifetime († July 10th 1902) was not so pronounced.

Localizations

Weißeritz

The Burgward Bvistrizi is named after its (partial) western border, the Weißeritz , which was called Bystrica in Old Sorbian (= torrent in Old Sorbian bystry = fast, wild, raging). The center of the castle is still not clearly localized and the subject of scientific controversy. After the firm assumption of a Burgward Pesterwitz ( Burgwartsberg ), the discussion initially leaned towards a Burgward Coschütz ( Heidenschanze ), only to be supplemented by a newly discovered Burgward Plauen ( Hoher Stein ) since 1995/98 . A sound decision is currently not possible. It is possible that a Burgward that has been considered or has not yet been discovered yet comes into question; in the case of the forgery of a document, this Burgward is also just a pure fiction, in order to give the diocese of Meißen, which is the beneficiary of this document, considerable advantages in the division of the Nisan district after 1142 To provide.

Hypothetical Burgwarde

Hypothetical Burgward Pesterwitz

In the 19th century the place name Pesterwitz was derived from Bvistrizi and the Burgward Bvistrizi was localized in Pesterwitz. This is how the Burgwartberg was named .

According to the map of Burgward center points and Young Slavic castle ramparts in the Upper Saxon-Meissnian area by Gerhard Billig , the following Burgward districts and corresponding castle ramparts were in Nisan:

  • " B 26 Niederwartha / Woz ( documented center of Burgward ; first mentioned in 1045 )
  • B 27 Dresden-Briesnitz ( documented center of Burgward ; first mentioned in 1071 )
  • B 28 Pesterwitz ( mentioned center of Burgward without secured fortifications ; first mentioned 1068 )
  • ... "

In 1989, Bvistrizi clearly identified Bvistrizi with the Burgwartsberg Pesterwitz . In his case, however, one can also notice the effort to push the sources as far back as possible into the past. Even in the event that one Gvozdec with Woz equates (which only likely, but is not unique), the year 1045 can be accepted only if then also Guodezi equal Gvozdec would (which is quite unlikely). And even the equation of Woz with Niederwartha is controversial and was already 1989. In 1989 it was known for a long time that the document made on 1071 belongs to the forgery complex of the 1140s. Overall, therefore, Cheap's efforts to identify and date clearly are to be described as not particularly successful.

However, local historians in particular, such as a local historian von Pesterwitz, are currently using this thesis:

  • Let us assume that the Burgwarde Bvistrizi stood on the Burgwartsberg in Pesterwitz at the beginning of the 11th century (1068). [...] The border was formed by the rivers Wiederitz and Weißeritz. The Zuchewidre, probably the Wiederitz, from the source to the confluence with the Weißeritz and from there to the confluence of the Weißeritz with the Elbe. [...] 1206 [...] The Burgward had fulfilled its task and the certainly wooden fortification with chapel fell into disrepair. Almost 140 years passed and no one observed what the burgrave Heinrich II von Dohna had secretly and illegally built on the Burgwartsberg near Pesterwitz. There is evidence that he built Thorun Castle on Burgwartsberg.

Currently, the place first mentioned in 1311 as Besterwiz is traced back to the Old Sorbian personal name Bezstryj (= brother of the father ), Pesterwitz etymologically regarded as a settlement of the people of a Bezstryj . The etymological derivation can therefore no longer serve as evidence for a Burgward Pesterwitz . However, a reverse conclusion, as drawn by some historians, is not permissible. Just because Pesterwitz is not etymologically derived from Bvistrizi , this is by no means proof against a Burgward Pesterwitz . Also Coschuetz , Heidenschanze , Plauen and Tall stone can be etymologically not Bvistrizi derived. In addition, so far missing finds in the area of ​​the castle on the Burgwartsberg from the Burgward era are no evidence against a Burgward Pesterwitz . On the one hand, the terrain has still not been archaeologically developed, and on the other hand, castle ruins from the 12th century could also be assigned to the center of the castle , as the transition from the Burgward constitution to the Burgraviate of Dohna (first mentioned in 1156) in Gau Nisan as a result of the change of rule from Bohemia to the German king had apparently delayed.

Hypothetical Burgward Coschütz

Hypothetical Burgward Plauen

A manor had been in Plauen since the end of the 12th century at the latest.

Remarks

  1. ↑ MGH DD 6, 270 n ° 212: In nomine sanctae et individuae trinitatis. Heinricus divina favente clementia rex. Notem sit omnibus Christi nostrique fidelibus tam futuris quam presentibus, qualiter nos pro remedio animae nostrae parentumque nostrorum et ob delictae nobis contectalis nostrae regnique consortis videlicet Berhte reginae beatitudinem necisci non per interventum fidelisis epcellium epcellium nostrorum, Scanniis Bennopiens, epcellium epcellium nostrorum coeterorumque familiarium nostrorum ad altare Misni deo sanctoque suo Donato constructo fratribusque ibid servientibus deo duos regios mansos sitos in villa Livbitvwa et, si ibi aliquid defuerit in proximo cum bene aratis agris implendis in pago Nisani in burchwardo Bvistrizi cum omnibus appendiciis, id est utriusque sexus mancipiis terris cultis et incultis areis aedificiis pratis pascuis aquis piscationibus molis molendinis exitibus et reditibus quesitis et inquirendis silvis silvarumque utilitatibus et cum omni commoditate, que ullo modo inde provenire poterit, in proprium damus, ea videlicet ratione u t prepositus loci ipsius hoc predictum predium possideat et quamcumque utilitatem in eo elaborare poterit, per singulos annos fratribus fideliter administret. Et ut haec nostra regalis munificentia firma stabilisque omni permaneat aevo, hanc cartam inde conscriptam manuque nostra corroboratam sigilli nostri impressione iussimus insigniri. - Signum domni Heinrici regis quarti. - Pibo cancellarius vice Sigifridi archicancellarii recognovi. - Data est V. kal. novemb. anno dominice incarnationis MLXVIII, indictione VII, anno ordinationis domni Heinrici XVI, regni vero XII; actum Rochlezi; feliciter amen. H IV, 1: Heinrich IV. 1: 1056-1076 (DD H IV), The documents of Heinrich IV. 1056-1076 , p. 271 from the Monumenta Germaniae Historica .
  2. ^ A contemporary unit of measurement for real estate in the old settlements of 120 or 160 acres
  3. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n.503, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-10-28_1_0_3_2_3_503_503 (accessed on November 1, 2019).
  4. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n.491, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-05-14_1_0_3_2_3_491_491 (accessed on November 2, 2019).
  5. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n. 492, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-05-29_1_0_3_2_3_492_492 (accessed on November 2, 2019).
  6. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n.495, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-08-05_1_0_3_2_3_495_495 (accessed on November 2, 2019).
  7. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n.497, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-08-12_1_0_3_2_3_497_497 (accessed on November 2, 2019).
  8. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n.500, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-10-18_1_0_3_2_3_500_500 (accessed on November 2, 2019).
  9. ↑ RI III, 2,3 n.501, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1068-10-18_2_0_3_2_3_501_501 (accessed on November 2, 2019).
  10. ^ H IV, 1: Heinrich IV. 1: 1056-1076 (DD H IV), Die Urkunden Heinrichs IV. 1056-1076 , p. 271 (processing period 1941 to 1978).
  11. ^ Cheap: The Burgward organization in the Upper Saxon-Meissnian area. Appendix 2.
  12. ↑ 1206 on the website Chronik Pesterwitz of the Pesterwitzer Eberhard Kammer (accessed on November 7, 2019).
  13. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen , Berlin 2001, Volume II, P. 166, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 .