Düben Castle
| Düben Castle | ||
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 The Düben Castle in Bad Düben |
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| Alternative name (s): | Dibni | |
| Creation time : | around 981 | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved essential parts | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, counts | |
| Place: | Bad Düben | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 35 '31.6 " N , 12 ° 34' 50" E | |
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The castle Düben earlier, also Dibni , Devin , Diben , Dybin and Dewen called that rises on a small hill right dump directly to their bank. The castle is located directly at the bridge of the B 2 over the Mulde within the town of Bad Düben (Neuhofstrasse 3) in the district of North Saxony .
history
Düben Castle was first mentioned in 981 in the chronicle of Thietmar von Merseburg when the diocese of Merseburg was dissolved under the Slavic name "Dibni". The location for the construction of the castle was favorable because of the ford over the Mulde on an old trade route. This is how a Slavic settlement was built next to the castle.
In the course of the German colonization to the east , Flemish immigrants founded the Neumark community next to the castle around 1200, later Franconian and Saxon settlers took over the old Slavic homesteads and thus formed the town of Düben. In 1017, Düben Castle was owned by Count Albi, who was shortly followed by Count Friedrich von Eilenburg. In connection with the Battle of Welfesholz , Wiprecht von Groitzsch conquered the castle in 1115 and took several mansions in the area from here. Margrave Otto the Rich was also temporarily imprisoned here. In 1291 the castle came into the possession of the Thuringian landgraves through an inheritance contract, who gave it to their followers as a fief.
In 1450, the castle was completely destroyed during a noble feud between the brothers Friedrich and Wilhelm of Thuringia. Since 1530 the castle was the seat of the Electorate of Düben . The castle gained national fame during the Kohlhasesche Handel, which began in 1532 with the noble von Zaschwitz and the elector of Saxony, which lasted until 1540 (negotiation in Düben 1533). The most famous head of office is likely to have been Philipp Melanchthon junior in 1554. During the Thirty Years' War on September 15, 1631, the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf , the Brandenburg Elector Georg Wilhelm and the Saxon Elector Johann Georg I concluded an alliance against the Catholic Emperor Ferdinand II and then defeated the imperial troops of General Tilly in the battle of Breitenfeld . The alliance did not help the city of Düben, it was destroyed three more times (1631, 1637 and 1641) by mercenary armies passing by .
One of the last witch trials in Germany took place in Düben Castle. The tradition tells of a witch's cellar in the castle, torture (it was forbidden for Saxony in 1783), a witch's grave and a witches' dance area.
During the Seven Years' War , Prussian King Friedrich II stayed in the castle and set up the largest supply depot for his army in Saxony, which was guarded by 5,000 soldiers. As a result, the battle of Torgau took place on November 3, 1760 , which Frederick II was able to decide in his favor despite great losses.
During the Wars of Liberation from October 10, 1813 to October 14, 1813, Napoléon set up his headquarters in Düben Castle. Here he is said to have spent the most terrible days of his life due to the uncertainty of the military and political situation. After 1815 the castle, like Düben, became part of Prussia . The justice and rent office existing in the castle in 1780 was dissolved in 1942.
After the Second World War , a landscape and local history museum about the town of Bad Düben and the Dübener Heide was set up under the leadership of the local researcher Willy Winkler . You can see u. a. Exhibits on the history of the castle and town of Düben as well as the economic development of the region.
During renovation work in the castle tower in October 2017, a wall frieze by Paul Haffner (* 1874; † 1965) was discovered in the interior of the half-timbered floor behind loosened paint residues . In the early 1950s, Haffner played a key role in designing the exhibition at the landscape museum. In addition to numerous wall paintings and illustrations that served to better understand the museum's contents, Haffner, who worked in the printing shop for museum founder Willy Winkler, had drawn the inventory maps for the collection objects, made many drawings and preparatory work for the museum and worked on the backdrop painting for the Home stage with. Due to extensive renovation and renovation work, the landscape museum in the castle is currently closed and the gates are expected to reopen to visitors in April 2019. The area around the castle including the ship mill is still accessible.
construction
The keep is the oldest building (from 1206) in the castle area. The so-called witch's cellar is also located here. Behind it stands the main building, which was built as the official seat of the city of Düben and now houses the local history and landscape museum. Next to the main building is the so-called castle keeper's house, which now houses a small café. All buildings were extensively renovated in the years 1997–1999. At the foot of the castle is the also restored mountain ship mill .
Keep
Castle courtyard and keeper's house
Düben Castle from the southeast
Remembering the visit of Napoleon
Castle Park
Bergschiffmühle in the castle park
literature
- Hans and Doris Maresch: Saxony's palaces and castles. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 2004, ISBN 3-89876-159-2
- Willy Winkler : 1000 years of Düben Castle. Historical notes in the landscape museum of the Düben Heath, Düben Castle. Edited by the Landscape Museum of the Dübener Heide, Bad Düben (before 1990).
- Hans-Joachim Böttcher : Bad Düben - The violets smell in the moat ..., in: Quiet and full of bitter beauty ... Castles and their gardens in the Düben Heath, Bad Düben 2006, pp. 109–120, ISBN 978-3 -00-020880-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kathrin Kabelitz: Surprise in the Bad Dübener castle tower: wall frieze comes to light. Leipziger Volkszeitung, October 6, 2017, accessed on October 9, 2017 .