Efferen Castle
| Efferen Castle | ||
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 Access to the castle courtyard |
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| Castle type : | Niederungsburg, location | |
| Conservation status: | Preserved essential parts | |
| Standing position : | Count | |
| Construction: | Field fire stone | |
| Place: | Huerth - Efferen | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 53 '42 " N , 6 ° 53' 43.8" E | |
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The castle Efferen in the district Efferen the city Huerth is one of the nation historically important castles on the outskirts of Cologne . Its medieval gate tower of Effern's landmark is the oldest building in the city.
location
The former moated castle is located directly on the eastern edge of the now piped Duffesbach , from which it once fed its moat , and the Bachstrasse leading along the stream towards Cologne. The Duffesbach originated from and next to the decaying Roman Eifel aqueduct to Roman Cologne , whose pillar foundations can still be found in the ground along the creek. Possibly spolia of the line were used for the foundation of the castle. The former main street (today Ritterstraße and Kaulardstraße) connects this location to today's Luxemburger Straße / B 265 (formerly Agrippa Straße Köln – Trier , Zülpicherstraße or Trierer Straße), which has existed since Roman times . The castle courtyard was formerly surrounded by seven other estate, some of which were even larger than the castle estate. The place was also grouped around the stream and this triangle and only got a little further.
history
The creation of the first castle complex is still completely in the dark. The landlady in Efferen was the convent of St. Maria in the Capitol , founded by Queen Plectrudis , the widow of Pippin the Middle , around 696 , who received the royal estate from her for founding and furnishing. However, the certificate is lost. To Reeves about the pen and thus also over Fronhof were Counts of Jülich determines the Cologne with the Good nobles mortgaged . The Cologne Overstolzes are attested as the first lord of the castle at the end of the 14th century , later called Overstolz von Efferen and then only von Efferen, also a sign of the importance of the castle. The people of Cologne built the castle in 1391/93 with the people of Jülich as an outpost against the claims of the Archbishop of Cologne, Friedrich III. from Saar become defensible. The gate tower probably dates from this time. On a landscape drawing by the Walloon artist Renier Roidkin († 1741) further towers of the former complex can be seen. The other owners who took over the castle through inheritance or purchase are as follows:
- In 1439, the mayor of Cologne, Rüttgers von der Weyden, was enfeoffed with the estate that owned it
- Sold to Johann Rauftesch in 1461.
- Johann von Diepenbroich, his son, was properly enfeoffed with the estate in 1477.
- From 1535 to 1635 the respected Cologne patrician family Orsbeck owned the castle.
- The Freiherrn von Bourtscheid followed for two centuries until 1836.
- The Counts of Schaesberg owned the castle until 1870 . They then sold them on
- the Counts of Fürstenberg-Stammheim from Bonn, which they passed on to their tenants in 1894
- Matthias Koch sold. His descendants (today Schmitt) are still in possession of the property.
Many of these names can be found as street names around the castle.
In 1769 Carl Franz von Bourscheidt rebuilt the castle on the old foundations into a "contemporary" baroque complex by the builder Christian Birkenhus - a small street was also named after him . The name of the builder is on a stone by the former bridge.
Building description
The current state of the castle is as follows after the war damage and renovations to preserve historical monuments:
Green spaces
A small meadow in front of the left wing is all that remains of the formerly larger park, which is bordered on the left by an avenue leading to the archway. In the course of the new construction of the Bachstraße that ran past, the moat, which had already fallen dry due to the piping of the brook, was filled in in 1961 and only indicated by a small depression towards the street.
Gate tower
The formerly tinned gate tower made of field fire bricks (based on the model of the Landesburg Lechenich ) has had a baroque Welsche hood since the castle was renovated , crowned with a weather vane with the coat of arms of Baron von Fürstenberg, the last noble owner. The gate tower is passed through Gothic arches, on which you can still see the guides for the drawbridge chain. The bridge over the filled-in moat has also been preserved. The three floors above the gate are divided by two windows in trachyte (from the Drachenfels ). Above the second floor collar still on three sides corbels out who formerly either bay or even machicolated contributed. A polygonal spiral staircase tower is attached to the crossbar to the manor house.
Mansion
The manor house is also built from field fire bricks on two floors with a broken hip roof and a row of dormer windows in each of the two attic floors. It connects to the gate tower with a short, four-window side wing of equal height. The front to Bachstrasse is symmetrical on seven axes. The central projection bears the Bourscheidts' coat of arms in the pointed gable. Below, on the first floor, a rococo grille on the balcony bears the Fürstenberg coat of arms, surrounded by three water lilies. The monogram of the first bourgeois owner, MK , was added later. Esserstraße leads exactly to the middle of the manor house and thus enables long eye contact.
Farm buildings
The low farm buildings surround the paved castle courtyard in a rectangular shape on the sides opposite the tower and manor house and with a short bar adjoining the tower. They are still used for agriculture today.
literature
- Hans Duell: 2000 years of Efferen through the ages , Hürth o. J. (1990)
- Henriette Meynen: Moated castles, palaces and country estates in the Erftkreis , edited by vom Erftkreis, Cologne 1980, p. 28
- Clemens Klug: Hürth - how it was, how it was , Steimel Verlag, Cologne, undated (1962)
- Clemens Klug: Hürth - Art Treasures and Monuments , Hürth 1978
- Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz (Hrsg.): Stadt Hürth by Manfred Faust, 3rd completely revised edition, Cologne 1993, Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 36, ISBN 3-88094-726-0 . RK issue No. 36 (1st edition, issue 3–4, 1968, 2nd 1981)
Web links
- Entry by Jens Friedhoff on Efferen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute