Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)
| Drachenfels | |
|---|---|
 View from the left bank of the Rhine |
|
| height | 320.7 m above sea level NHN |
| location | Königswinter , partly also Bad Honnef , North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Mountains | Siebengebirge |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 39 '55 " N , 7 ° 12' 35" E |
 |
|
| Type | Spring tip |
| rock | Trachyte |
| Age of the rock | Oligocene |
| Development | Rack railway , access road |
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The Drachenfels is a mountain in the Siebengebirge on the Rhine between Königswinter and Bad Honnef . Due to its prominent location above the Rhine Valley, the ruins of Drachenfels Castle , its use as a subject for Rhine romanticism and its early tourist development, it gained wide recognition in the 19th century. With a height of 321 m above sea level. NHN , the summit is around 270 m above the Rhine.
The Drachenfels was created by rising magma that could not break through to the surface of the earth, but solidified beneath it like a dome; Volcanologists call this the spring dome . Quarries (quartz trachyte ) on the Drachenfels are documented as early as Roman times . Especially in the Middle Ages, the Drachenfels trachyte was a widely used building block downstream from the Rhine. B. in the construction of Cologne Cathedral .
On the northern slope above the town of Königswinter is the Drachenburg Castle , built in the historicist style in 1882-84 . A specialty is the cog railway ( Drachenfelsbahn ) leading from Königswinter to the Drachenfels plateau .
geography
Among the mountains of the Siebengebirge, the Drachenfels reaches the closest to the Rhine, where it delimits the Honnef valley widening of the Middle Rhine and thus marks its transition to the Lower Rhine (Cologne) Bay . To the west and south, i.e. towards the banks of the Rhine and Rhöndorf , it drops off steeply, while to the north and northwest it loses height much more slowly. In the east it is only by a slight dip from the 324 m above sea level. NHN nowadays almost equally high cloud castle separated. The Nachtigallental , through which the Hitelbach flows, separates it from the Hirschberg , located to the northeast ( 256 m above sea level ). The north-western slope of the Drachenfels directly above the old town of Königswinter was previously designated as a separate elevation with the name Hardberg . The west- north-western ridge facing the Rhine is named Rüdenet after the historical location of a quarry , the ridge sloping to the north along the nightingale valley has the name Saurenberg or Saurer Berg , which was mentioned in 1715 and comes from a field name . The Königswinter outdoor pool is also located there. The continuation of the Drachenfels in the Rhine as the so-called Drachenfelsgrund between Rhöndorf in the south and Königswinter in the north represents a shoal for Rhine shipping that bears the historical name of Reih .
The Drachenfels plateau with hotel and restaurant building as well as the terminus of the Drachenfels railway is 30 meters below the castle ruins at around 290 m above sea level. NHN .
history
Drachenfels Castle
The ruin of the three-story keep on the Drachenfels is the landmark of the Siebengebirge. The castle was by 1138 the Cologne archbishop Arnold started and completed in about 1167th Apart from the keep of the castle originally consisted of Palas , chapel and servants apartments. It served to secure the Cologne area to the south.
During the Thirty Years War , the castle was razed by the Elector of Cologne in 1634 and then not rebuilt. Only a section of the wall with a window opening ("Cologne Window") remains of the Palas. One of the last of the line of burgraves from Drachenfels died in 1530. Count Heinrich was buried in the monastery church of Heisterbach in the family crypt there. His tombstone was saved during the destruction of the Heisterbach monastery and can be seen today at the Church of St. Mary's Visitation in Rhöndorf, which was built in 1903 .
Then as now there are few families who carry on the name of Drachenfels and the noble family.
Removal of trachyte and protection
Quarries (of quartz trachyte ) on the Drachenfels are documented as early as Roman times . The good properties of the stone and the ease of transport by ships on the Rhine made the site ideal for mining. There were various Roman quarries on the mountain, the traces can still be seen today, for example, in the so-called sea of rocks in the castle park of Schloss Drachenburg . The large boulders are evidence of the typical remains of Roman work techniques. The stones were mainly used in Roman locations such as Cologne or Xanten .
After the fall of the Roman Empire, it took several hundred years for stones to be mined again on a large scale from the Drachenfels. In the Middle Ages, the Drachenfels trachyte was a widely used building block downstream from the Rhine. Around the year 1000, stones from the Drachenfels were used to build the Church of St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne. The quarrying increased in the following decades; the biggest buyer of stones was the Cologne cathedral workshop which the stones for the 1248 started construction of the Cologne Cathedral used. The cavity of this quarry can still be seen today on the south side of the mountain. Stone quarrying declined from the 1530s due to a construction stop on Cologne Cathedral.
The mining of trachyte was completely stopped in 1836 by part of the purchase by the Prussian government. (This is often wrongly referred to as the first state conservation measure - the Bamberg grove, for example, was placed under state protection as early as 1824.) In 1836, the Prussian government acquired the Drachenfels quarry in order to shut it down immediately, making the silhouette of the mountain a natural beauty to secure. This saved the mountain and its picturesque castle ruins the fate of being used as a quarry for the further construction of Cologne Cathedral . For this part of the mountain including the castle ruins 10,000 thalers were paid.
In 1869 the Siebengebirge Beautification Association was established , with the aim of fully developing the area. In 1880, with the permission of the emperor, the association founded a state lottery , from whose income all other quarries were bought up in order to prevent the mountain from disappearing as the stones were further quarried. The legal basis for a nature reserve was not laid until 1922 with a corresponding police ordinance. It has been operating as a nature park since 1956 .
Origin of name
According to the most common etymology, the name “Drachenfels” is said to be derived from the quartz trachyte that was extracted from the mountain. However, since the name trachyte for this type of rock was only introduced into geology in 1813, but the name of the dragon rock is much older, this seems unlikely. A popular derivation comes from the legend about a dragon that is said to have lived on the mountain. A reference to the Nibelungen saga was made from this, but this has not been proven.
In fact, the name already appears in a document from Archbishop Arnold I of Cologne from 1149 about the detachment of Drachenfels Castle from Vogt Adalbert, in which the location of the castle is indicated in monte dracu - i.e. on the Drachenberg .
In 1176 Gottfried (I), the father of Heinrich (I) and grandfather of Gottfried (II) , was Lord of Drachenfels and used the silver dragon on the red field as his coat of arms.
tourism
history
With the end of Napoleonic rule and the beginning of Romanticism , there was heavy tourist traffic on the Rhine. The visit of George Gordon Byron in May 1816 made the Drachenfels ruin internationally known. His poem inspires his compatriots and the British were the first foreign tourists in the Siebengebirge.
The well-known donkeys from Drachenfels were then used to transport the stones from the quarry and were also important workhorses in viticulture. As more and more tourists visited the ruins, the possibilities were recognized, and in 1816 the visitors were transported to the summit with the help of gray animals, but horses were also used. When the rock fall occurred in 1967, the donkey transport ended at the entrance to Drachenburg Castle , the safety measures have not changed anything. The Drachenfelsbahn had only a minor influence on the number of animals used. 36 donkeys were used in 1900 and 29 donkeys in 1937. Today there is only one animal keeper with ten donkeys.
On May 1, 1827 Königswinter was approached by today's Cologne-Düsseldorfer (KD) company. The land was transported by barge , and the Kölnische Gesellschaft installed a landing bridge in May 1841. Today there are four moorings on Königswinterer Ufer, one for regular services from Cologne-Düsseldorf and one for their hotel ships. Two other bridges belong to the city and are used by other companies. All other berths are for ships that have their permanent berth here.
Another boost for tourism was the opening of the Bonn-Cölner Railway in 1844 and the improvement of general traffic conditions. On July 11, 1870, the Königswinterer train station was opened. Since 1872, travelers have been able to drive up to the Drachenfels in carriages on a road.
The Drachenfelsbahn, which opened on July 17, 1883, is the oldest cog railway in Germany. This marked the beginning of the age of mass tourism, as a result of which luxury hotels were built on the banks of the Rhine for wealthy guests, while accommodations for the less well-off were created in the city center. In 1892 the first motorboat was put into operation. In 1897 there were seven motorboats in Königswinter that could carry 20 to 35 passengers. In 1914 there were already 16 ships that were renewed until the 1930s. In the 1950s these were replaced by the large motor boats known today.
In 1964/65 the access to the B 42 was built, which is also connected to the A 3 in Ittenbach via the state road 331 .
Current developments
Until the late 1990s, the Drachenfels was the most important tourist attraction in Königswinter . It was particularly popular with visitors from the Netherlands , which has earned it the nickname “the highest mountain in Holland” in the area. Tourism was handled by a hotel completed in the 1930s and a restaurant building that was visible from afar and inaugurated in 1976. In the 1990s and 2000s, the number of visitors declined, some bars had to close, and the attractions were seeking sponsors. It is still considered to be the “most climbed mountain in Europe” - even if this is not proven by numbers and most visitors do not climb it on foot.
For several years now, great efforts have been made to improve the attractiveness of the Drachenfels tourist location : the new rack railway station with tourist information was opened in 2005, and Drachenburg Castle on the ascent to the Drachenfels was extensively renovated by 2010. In 2007 an extensive modernization of the now demolished Drachenfels restaurant on the summit took place. In addition, the Drachenfels is now used for commercial New Year's Eve celebrations .
With funds from the Regionale 2010 , the path from the banks of the Rhine to the plateau on the mountain top was made more appealing and the signage (especially the access to the castle ruins) improved. After preparatory work from November 2010, the demolition of the restaurant, which was built in the 1970s in the style of brutalism , began on January 11, 2011 , which ended in March of that year. From September 2011, the renovation of the old building from the 1930s and the new construction of the glass cube took place. The new restaurant in the completed cube was opened on November 30, 2012, the final completion of the plateau dragged on until the following spring - the official inauguration took place on June 2, 2013. At an estimated 9.2 million euros, the costs were significantly higher than budgeted.
From the so-called Siegfriedfelsen, a rock ledge belonging to the Drachenfels, on January 4, 2011 a rock fell through the vineyards in Rhöndorf . This led to the closure of popular vineyard paths by the responsible city administration of Bad Honnef, which led to lively discussions and ongoing protests in the population by the citizens' and local association Rhöndorf and the producers concerned about the proportionality of the measure and the submission of a petition to open the Ways at the North Rhine-Westphalian state parliament (May 24, 2013). A security fence was erected from August to November 2014, which enables the further cultivation of the vineyards. After the planned opening of the middle Weinbergweg at the height of the Domstein wine house failed for financial reasons, this section and the entire upper Weinbergweg will remain closed to the public until further notice.
Drachenfelsplateau (October 2009)
Drachenfelsplateau (March 2011)
Drachenfelsplateau (September 2011)
Drachenfels with a new restaurant (April 2013)
The Drachenfels is located on the Rheinsteig , a hiking trail on the right bank of the Rhine from Bonn to Wiesbaden .
Ascents
Eselsweg from Königswinter
The traditional ascent to the Drachenfels with the most beautiful view is the so-called Eselsweg . This steep path was probably used in sections by Roman stonemasons . Here children can ride donkeys, which are considered to be the hallmarks of the Drachenfels - a bronze memorial created by Ernemann Sander is dedicated to them on the Rheinallee in Königswinter .
The photographers also use the many tourists on the donkey path for their business. So began z. B. Johannes Oster (1862–1941), who was a trained master tailor, did quick photography around 1900 in front of the Nibelungenhalle. The people were approached, but to have a photo taken with the backdrop of the Drachenfels, on a donkey or later in an airplane or helicopter, which they could take home with them on the way back. Johannes Oster was the grandfather of Richard Kern, who - in the third generation after his father Hans Kern - gave up the business in 1989 as the last "Drachenfels photographer" .
After a rock fall - presumably caused by severe storms - on June 5, 2011, the Eselsweg on the upper section between Drachenburg and the summit plateau had to be closed for safety reasons. After the renovation and installation of a protective fence started in autumn 2013, the donkey path was opened again in April 2014. Due to the acute risk of falling rocks due to rock movements, the section was closed again from January 2017 to November 2019. After the renovation work on the rock massif was completed, Eselsweg was reopened on November 27, 2019.
Drachenfelsbahn
If the walk is too strenuous for you, you can use the Drachenfelsbahn , which commutes every 30 minutes in the main season. The valley station is on Drachenfelsstraße in Königswinter (under the bridge of the B 42), where the Eselsweg begins.
Attractions along the way
Halfway along is the Nibelungenhalle , built in 1913, with paintings by Hermann Hendrich (1854–1931) depicting scenes from operas by Richard Wagner . Attached is the Drachenhöhle , a rock grotto with a 15 m long stone sculpture of a reclining dragon by Franz Josef Krings , which was brought here in 1933 on the 50th anniversary of Richard Wagner's death.
A reptile zoo is home to arachnids, snakes, caimans, monitor lizards, iguanas, Gila crustaceans and two Mississippi alligators over three meters long .
A little above the middle station of the Drachenfelsbahn lies Drachenburg Castle , which a Bonn stockbroker and banker had built for himself in 1882. The museum for the history of nature conservation has been located in the outer bailey since 2002 . The park of the castle is included as worth seeing in the street of garden art between the Rhine and Maas .
A restaurant was opened on the Drachenfels plateau in the first half of the 19th century. In the course of time there was a hotel, a postal agency and a quick photographer here.
Alternative ways
At the middle station of the Drachenfelsbahn, pedestrians can turn left into a field path that leads past the Burghof , a former farmyard of the Burgrave of Drachenfels . At the end of this, you can switch to the paved supply road to the right, so that the second part of the ascent is no longer so difficult. On the other hand, if you follow the street in the opposite direction, after a few meters you will come across a monument from 1899, which is dedicated to Ernst Heinrich von Dechen , the first chairman of the Siebengebirge embellishment association . This supply road, which branches off north of Ferdinand-Mühlens-Straße (L331) and leads past the Villa Hirschburg , also offers ambitious cyclists the opportunity to climb the Drachenfels from Königswinter.
Another, as attractive existing and (unlike the donkey trail) less committed ascent leading from near Koenigswinter by the Nightingale , past the monument to the Cologne songwriter Willi Ostermann († 1936), of the valley in the song Where the seven mountains ... sung Has. The Nachtigallenweg joins the extension of the Obergartenweg north of Drachenburg Castle. The further ascent then takes place either on the Eselsweg or on a ravine to the west that leads to the supply road.
Several hiking trails, some of them narrow, lead from Rhöndorf up to the Drachenfels: the shortest one from Ziepchesplatz is pretty straightforward and correspondingly steep, or you first go through the Rhöndorfer Tal towards the Ölberg, climbing to the left leads across the forest cemetery or behind the cemetery up to the Sattel, where you meet the main path from Margarethenhöhe to Drachenfels near the milk house : follow this to the left. Since the hiking trails in the Siebengebirge are well marked, you can hardly miss the Drachenfels.
Finally, you can leave the car on the Margarethenhöhe between Königswinter and Ittenbach (Siebengebirge driveway of the A3) and hike in a good hour with little incline to the Drachenfels (to the right from Königswinter). There is also a good bus connection to Margarethenhöhe ( RSVG line 520/521 ).
Landsturm monument
At the southwestern vantage point of the Drachenfels plateau there has been a Landsturm memorial since 1814 with short interruptions to commemorate the wars of liberation from 1813–1815. When the allies occupied the right bank of the Rhine after the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , the voluntary Landsturm of the Siebengebirge formed in the villages of today's municipality of Königswinter to protect the villages and their inhabitants. After the Prussians under Blücher near Kaub had already crossed the French-occupied left bank of the Rhine on New Year's Eve 1814, the Prussian major Ferdinand von Boltenstern planned the crossing at Mülheim am Rhein with the help of the Landsturm . In a diversionary attack on January 3rd, starting from the previously captured French-occupied island of Nonnenwerth , master stone mason and commander of the outposts Johann Joseph Genger, tenant of the Wülsdorfer Hof, which was then located at the foot of the mountain, was seriously wounded. He passed away a few days later. Major von Boltenstern and at least ten other Prussian soldiers died in the unsuccessful attack in Mülheim. In memory of von Boltenstern and Genger , an 11-meter-high obelisk was erected on the platform, which was the work place of the stone carvers, as early as 1814 based on the design of the then building director of the Grand Duchy of Berg , Adolph von Vagedes . The unveiling of the monument took place during the celebrations of the anniversary of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig on October 18th. As early as 1837, the obelisk was in irreparable condition due to poor building material, so that it collapsed in the following years and was completely removed in 1843.
The design of the Cologne cathedral builder Ernst Friedrich Zwirner of a 14.40 meter high neo-Gothic pinnacle selected by a committee to replace the ruined monument was erected and inaugurated in 1857 thanks to voluntary donations and grants from the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV . The inscription does not mention the names of the two fallen soldiers and is rather dedicated to the “memory of the patriotic devotion of the Rhenish people and the establishment of the voluntary Landsturm vom Siebengebirge in 1813, 1814 and 1815” . The name of the Prussian king can also be found on the obelisk.
Today's Landsturm monument on the Drachenfels plateau is a reconstruction of the pinnacle from 1876, the construction of which was financed by the first German Emperor Wilhelm I and which has a further dedication to him. The top of the obelisk is no longer preserved today due to damage sustained in World War II.
In 1914, at the insistence of von Boltenstern's descendants, in the course of the centenary of the wars of liberation, an approximately 5-meter-high replica of the Landsturm monument from 1814 was erected in the square below the Cologne window on the north side of the castle ruins.
Agricultural importance
The vineyards of the Drachenfels between Königswinter and Rhöndorf represent one of the most northerly wine-growing areas on the Rhine, only 5–10 kilometers to the north, wine is still grown in Oberdollendorf and Bonn- Limperich . Three wineries are active in the region. The grape variety Riesling dominates, but also Gewürztraminer , Rivaner , Scheurebe , Pinot Gris , Pinot Blanc , Dornfelder , Kerner and Pinot Noir are grown. On the steep slopes , the grapes are still picked entirely by hand. Many of the wines have already received awards.
View from the Drachenfels to the south (Bad Honnef)
View to the north (Königswinter and Bonn)
View of Bad Honnef
View from Petersberg at dawn, to the left the Drachenfels
Panoramic view from Drachenfels Castle
Poems and songs about the Drachenfels
George Gordon Byron left London on April 23, 1816 and crossed over at Dover on the 26th . He should never see his home again. His destination was Lake Geneva . At the time, the British were enthusiastic about the romanticism of the Rhine , which is why Byron's route led along this river. On May 11, 1816, his carriage reached the small town of Mehlem . The view of the Drachenfels gave him the opportunity to put the problematic love for his half-sister Augusta Leigh into words (letter from January 1817 to Augusta: "the Drachenfels lines originally addressed to you"). The combination of landscapes with emotional life became a benchmark in poetry for many years . The ambiguity of these lines was clearly visible to the British and generated a great deal of interest in this place. The poem is originally part of the lyrical cycle Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and is there in III. Singing between verse LV and LVI.
"The castled crag of Drachenfels"
(1818; German: "The tower-crowned Drachenfels", August Mommsen , 1885)
|
The castle crag of Drachenfels |
Far into the open Rhine area threatens the |
"Pilgrims of the Rhine" (excerpt)
Byron's poem was the basis for many more reflections on the Drachenfels. Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton was one of them:
“ However, the actual character of the river does not emerge until the Seven Mountains with the 'castled crag of Drachenfels' appear above all of them. [...] Mountain and city, the lonely island, the castle-crowned rock, suddenly appear like imaginative dreams, become proud and large, and become smaller and disappear. [...] "
“ The ship now glided next to the Siebengebirge and the Drachenfels. The slowly setting sun cast yellowish rays over the smooth water. At the foot of the mountains a village lay deep in shadow; but above, the ruins of the Drachenfels caught the thickest rays of the sun. Already so lonely, but proudly, the beam did not dispel the melancholy that lay over the huge rock: the ruins stood on the heights like a great personality on whom the light of fame rests, but who is accompanied by a certain melancholy, the the lonely bearer is condemned to carry because of his great distance from the crowd. "
"The night on the Drachenfels"
Heinrich Heine wrote the following poem in May 1820 about his fraternity excursion to the Drachenfels with Bonn students:
To Fritz vB
At midnight the castle had already climbed,
the pile of wood flared up at the foot of the walls,
And as the boys
crouch down merrily, the song of Germany's holy victories rang out.
We drank Germany's well-being from Rhine wine
jugs , We saw the castle spirit lurking on the tower,
A lot of dark knight
shadows shudder around us, A lot of foggy women fly past us.
And from the rubble rises a deep moan,
It rattles and rattles, and the owls croak;
In between, the northern storm howls anger. -
Look now, my friend, I
woke up one night like that on the high Drachenfels, but unfortunately I brought
the cold and the cough home with me .
"Where the seven mountains"
( Willi Ostermann )
You are certainly familiar with the wonderful, most beautiful place on the Rhine,
where the fabulous seven mountains invite you to admire.
Where happy people move around, where loud laughter sounds from the girl,
where the echo of all paths comes to your ears like mermaids' song.
The symphony, the melody, once there, you never forget it:
where the seven mountains stand on the Rhine beach,
you can see the blond girls with blue eyes.
And then you think a thousand times of the beautiful hours,
where they marched happily through the nightingale valley,
where they marched happily through the nightingale valley.
Go, you sad fellow, to the dream of your childhood.
The Drachenfels in any case, takes away your whole heartache.
The eye sees the sky open, the splendor of the castles gives new pleasure,
and new life, fresh hope, flows through the happily moved chest.
When, deep in the valley, the nightingale suddenly sings its song:
There, where the seven mountains stand on the Rhine beach ...
If you want to be happy for hours with your sweetheart,
then choose the spot on the Rhine that will return to your heart Spring a.
Where bright girls' voices sing and in the evening
the full glasses ring in the tavern , the ships pass colorfully by.
You feel young, you get going, and you live in memory:
There where the seven mountains on the Rhine beach stand ...
literature
- Georg Cover: The Drachenfels and its immediate surroundings are presented historically: together with some romantic legends from pagan prehistoric times and from the heyday of the knightly era; according to the best sources, with a family table of all burgraves of Drachenfels, from the year 1455 to 1817 . Habicht in Komm., Bonn 1835 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
- Heinrich Neu: The Drachenfels. History and description of a Rhenish castle. Cologne 1949 (3rd, presumably edition, Königswinter 1972).
- Winfried Biesing: Drachenfelser Chronik. Cologne 1980.
- Rheinreise 2002. The Drachenfels as a romantic travel destination. Red. V. Elmar Scheuren and Helga Stoverock with the participation of Thilo Nowack, Bonn 2002.
- Imperial weather on the Siebengebirge. Red. V. Karl Josef Klöhs, Bonn 2003.
- Friedemann Schmoll : Memory of nature. The history of nature conservation in the German Empire. Frankfurt a. M. 2004, pp. 132–138 (Schmoll provides a small digression on the protection of the Drachenfelsen and its mythologization as a constituent of the German environmental movements.)
- Angelika Schyma : City of Königswinter. (= Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , monuments in the Rhineland , volume 23.5.) Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1200-8 , pp. 117–127.
- Detlev Arens : Kulturführer Drachenfels. Regionalia Verlag, Rheinbach 2015, ISBN 3-95540-187-1
Web links
- Framework plan for the preparatory renovation investigation from the old town to the Drachenfels ( Memento from April 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 991 kB)
- Pictures and historical postcards about Drachenfels, Drachenfelsbahn, Drachenburg etc.
- Fast photography on the Drachenfels in Königswinter from 1900 to 1989
- Webcam on the Drachenfels
Individual evidence
- ^ GeoServer NRW, Cologne District Government, GEObasis NRW department
- ↑ Height according to the digital terrain model (available in the TIM-online map service ): 321.48 m
- ↑ Topographic map Königswinter, 1: 25,000, 1977
- ^ Ferdinand Schmitz ; Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (Ed.): Document book of Heisterbach Abbey , In: Collection of the document books of the Lower Rhine , Bonn 1908
- ↑ General-Anzeiger of September 18, 2009 ( Memento of the original of September 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Elmar Scheuren: Drachenburg Castle: historicist castle romance on the Rhine . Ed .: North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation. German Kunstverlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-422-02241-6 .
- ^ Chronicle Königswinter , Heimatverein Siebengebirge e. V.
- ^ Friedrich K. Rumpf: Siebengebirge: Riviera on the Rhine. In: Spiegel Online . April 11, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2018 .
- ↑ The first glass cube visitors enjoyed the view , General-Anzeiger , December 2, 2012
- ↑ Costs expected to be higher - plateau finished later , General-Anzeiger, February 1, 2013
- ↑ The year 2012 in the Siebengebirge. Some construction sites remain , General-Anzeiger , December 29, 2012
- ↑ The Drachenfels experienced a rush of visitors , General-Anzeiger, June 2, 2013.
- ↑ Weinbergweg on Siegfriedfelsen remains closed , General-Anzeiger, March 23, 2013
- ↑ Citizens and local association Rhöndorf is considering petition to the state parliament , General-Anzeiger, April 23, 2013
- ^ 'Fences or nets on the Siegfriedfelsen ', Bonner Rundschau, April 23, 2013
- ↑ “ Drachenfels: Landtag should finally fix it ”, Express, Bonn edition, May 29, 2013
- ↑ Work on the security fence started , General-Anzeiger , August 21, 2014
- ↑ Risk of falling rocks averted - Siegfriedfelsen still has to be secured , General-Anzeiger , November 12, 2014.
- ↑ Claudia Sülzen: Hiking trail on Siegfriedfelsen: Weinbergweg in Rhöndorf remains closed. General-Anzeiger, January 28, 2018, accessed June 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Rheinsteig.de - Siebengebirge ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 17, 2012
- ↑ Directions for car
- ↑ [1] , General-Anzeiger, March 27, 2012
- ↑ Crumbling rocks on the Drachenfels - Eselsweg remains closed until 2014 , General-Anzeiger, June 8, 2013
- ↑ The Eselsweg is finally free again after almost three years , General-Anzeiger , April 19, 2014
- ↑ Eselsweg must be closed again , General-Anzeiger, January 26, 2017.
- ↑ Am Drachenfels: Eselsweg is free again after being closed for years. General-Anzeiger, November 27, 2019, accessed December 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Roswitha Oschmann: "Battle for the Rhine" 200 years ago. General-Anzeiger, January 2, 2014, accessed July 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Drachenfelsplateau: Obelisk commemorates the fighters against Napoleon. General-Anzeiger, October 17, 2014, accessed July 8, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d Bettina Oesl: "... the future centuries as a speaking witness" - The Drachenfels as a patriotic place . In: Prof. Rhein-Stiftung (Hrsg.): Rheinreise 2002. The Drachenfels as a romantic travel destination . Edition Lempertz, 2002, ISBN 978-3-933070-23-4 , pp. 162-169 .
