Great Mount of Olives
| Great Mount of Olives | |
|---|---|
 Great Mount of Olives |
|
| height | 460.7 m above sea level NHN |
| location | Königswinter - Ittenbach , North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Mountains | Siebengebirge |
| Dominance | 22.4 km → north (northeast) foothills of the house ( Eifel ) |
| Notch height | 220 m ↓ Buchholz |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 40 ′ 56 " N , 7 ° 14 ′ 54" E |
 |
|
| rock | Nepheline basanite |
| particularities | highest mountain in the Siebengebirge , transmitter Great Mount of Olives |
The Great Ölberg (also: Oelberg ) is 460.7 m above sea level. NHN the highest mountain in the Siebengebirge . It is located in the urban area of Königswinter near the district of Ittenbach and south of a secondary summit called the Kleiner Ölberg ( 331.7 m above sea level ).
Due to the transmitter mast on its summit, it can already be seen from a distance, for example from the federal motorway 3 , and can therefore be easily distinguished from the other mountains, also because of its height. On the summit there is a restaurant with a viewing terrace, which offers a very good view of the Siebengebirge and the Hocheifel with the Hohe Acht and towards the west.
history
Name story
The Great Mount of Olives was originally called Ma (e) lberg, whereby the e does not express an umlaut , but is an extension e . The summit was mentioned for the first time in a pledge protocol from 1407, in which the location “on the Maelberg geleygen” occurs. In descriptions of the Siebengebirge, the Ölberg was sometimes called "Ma (h) lberg" until the middle of the 19th century. In this context, “mark” means “noticeable sign” (as in “monument”, “birthmark”). The mountain is named after its function as a distinctive landmark , because it marked the border area between the Electoral Cologne and Löwenburg districts .
The name "Malberg" was pronounced in dialect like "Mohlberg". In addition, the mountain was mostly mentioned in connection with prepositions , so one said “am”, “beim” or “auf'm Mohlberg”. As a result, the “M” at the beginning of the name was no longer audible and the consonant was finally replaced with the wrong consonant “am / beim / auf'm Ohlberg”. Since the middle of the 17th century there has been talk of the "Ohleberg" or "Oelberg" and only since the end of the 18th century more often about the "Ölberg", ie. H. It was only at this time that one began to misunderstand the stretch-e as an umlaut. Today the spellings “Ölberg” and “Oelberg” are about equally common, even if “Oelberg” is more correct in terms of linguistic history.
Because the origin of the mountain's name was not always known, there were some false speculations. Ernst Moritz Arndt wrote in an essay in 1843 that he called the mountain "Auelberg" because he found the Auelgau here in the Middle Ages . This assertion still partly leads to the false claim that the Great Mount of Olives was previously called Auelberg, although this form of name, which was first invented in the 19th century, cannot be historically proven anywhere. The thesis was also put forward that Cistercian monks from Heisterbach had renamed Maelberg after the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem ; however, such a deliberate renaming cannot be proven either.
Inn
The first inn on the summit of the Mount of Olives was opened at Whitsun 1834, after a smaller number of guests had been entertained there in previous years. In September 1842, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia visited the mountaintop. In 1873 the Beautification Association for the Siebengebirge (VVS) acquired the summit and the inn. After the turn of the century, large numbers of young Social Democrats often gathered on the Mount of Olives on Sundays. In 1951/52 the main water line to the inn was built, which will have to be renewed by the VVS in the near future (status: 2018).
Mining
In the 19th century, most of the Ölberg and Lohrberg became the property of Franz Merkens (1823–1905), partner in the Cologne private bank Seydlitz & Merkens with summer residence in the Rhöndorfer Haus im Turm . In 1872 he started mining basalt stones on the southeast flank of the Mount of Olives . The quarry was leased to Christian Uhrmacher, who was also active on the Himberg, and employed up to 100 men. The broken material was transported away to the Königswinter train station by around 20 carts, each weighing 35 quintals . Various plans for small railways , which were supposed to facilitate transport, all failed between 1874 and 1897. Finally, the Beautification Association for the Siebengebirge (VVS) stopped the further destruction of the Mount of Olives by buying land, which was already evident on the summit area and in large spoil heaps below the quarry.
Channel
Due to its proximity to the federal city of Bonn, the Great Mount of Olives is used as a location for several multimedia transmission systems. Up until November 8, 2004, there were antennas on the north-west slope for the transmission of analog television signals ( ZDF , VOX and WDR television ). It was remarkable that these antennas were mounted on low scaffolding and not on a transmission tower. Since the switch to digital terrestrial television DVB-T , television coverage in the Bonn region has been guaranteed exclusively via the Bonn-Venusberg transmitter , which made the system on the Great Mount of Olives obsolete. A widely visible concrete mast on the mountain summit, which was operated by the former Deutsche Bundespost from 1970 on the basis of a lease agreement with the Beautification Association for the Siebengebirge (VVS) as the owner of the summit , houses a VHF radio station ( Radio Bonn / Rhein-Sieg ) and several mobile radio transmitters. On October 19, 2009, the transmission mast, which was no longer fully utilized, was shortened.
There are also platforms for directional antennas distributed around the mountain top . The Mount of Olives is also of great importance for amateur radio , the relay stations DB0SG (analog radio ), DB0DBN (digital radio) and DB0VVS ( HAMNET data radio) are located there. Due to their exposed location, these relays have a large catchment area that extends far beyond Cologne. According to the VVS from November 2016, the radio antenna of an energy supply company supplied the Rhine shipping industry until it was shut down in March 2016. At the end of 2016, the radio antenna of the motorway police, which covered the motorway network as far as Aachen, was switched off. These two antennas were mounted on the west gable of the restaurant and were dismantled by the operators in July 2017.
Current usage
The following radio programs are broadcast: (as of December 2018)
|
Frequency (in MHz) |
program | RDS PS | RDS PI | Regionalization |
ERP (in kW) |
Antenna pattern round (ND) / directional (D) |
Polarization horizontal (H) / vertical (V) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99.9 | Radio Bonn / Rhein-Sieg | _BONN / SU | D47C | - | 0.5 | D. | H |
Previous use
Before that, in the days of analog TV, the following TV channels were broadcast for a long time:
| channel |
Frequency (MHz) |
program |
ERP (kW) |
Transmission diagram round (ND) / directional (D) |
Polarization horizontal (H) / vertical (V) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26th | 511.25 | ZDF | 81 | D. | H |
| 34 | 575.25 | VOX | 1.6 | D. | H |
| 49 | 695.25 | WDR television (Cologne) | 65 | D. | H |
They were switched off in connection with the introduction of DVB-T in the greater Cologne / Bonn area and in the Ruhr area on November 8, 2004. The channel for ZDF was switched off on May 24, 2004.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information according to the digital terrain model and digital topographic map 1: 25,000, 1: 50,000 and 1: 100,000 (available in the TIM-online map service )
- ↑ dominance and prominence according to TK 25; Scharte along the Sieg -Rhein-, then Sieg- Wied -Wasserscheide
- ^ Geological State Office North Rhine-Westphalia (ed.); Gangolf Knapp, Klaus Vieten: Geological map of North Rhine-Westphalia 1: 25,000. Explanations for sheet 5309 Königswinter . 3rd, revised edition, Krefeld 1995, p. 33.
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Rüdiger Franz: Mount of Olives or Mount of Olives? Opinions differ on the spelling of the highest Siebengebirge summit - five centuries ago the elevation was still called Mahlberg . Article in the Bonner Generalanzeiger from January 5, 2007, online here or here ( Memento from March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Theo Hardenberg: On the history of the Mount of Olives and its quarries . In: Streiflichter from the Siebengebirge. Heimatbuch - Festschrift. Königswinter 1986, pp. 173–195, here p. 179.
- ↑ Hardenberg: Zur Geschichte des Ölberg , as above, p. 177. Another example of such a wrong consonant replacement is the word “otter” (as in adder ) for the viper (not for the mammal); Originally this type of snake was called "Notter" (etymologically related to " Natter "), but over time "a Notter" was split up into "an Otter", cf. Kluge, Etymological Dictionary of the German Language , 23rd edition. by Elmar Seebold, Berlin 1995, p. 606.
- ↑ Hardenberg: On the history of the Mount of Olives , as above, p. 176.
- ↑ Ernst Moritz Arndt: The Aulberg, what should it be called? . In: Niederrheinisches Jahrbuch, edited by L. Lersch, Bonn 1843.
- ↑ Hardenberg: Zur Geschichte des Ölberg , as above, p. 175. The first known evidence for the interpretation of the name "Oelberg" as "Auelberg" can be found in Bernhard Hundeshagen: The city and university of Bonn on the Rhine with its surroundings , Bonn 1832, p. 235.
- ↑ So archive link ( memento of February 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) and archive link ( memento of January 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) with an imprecise reference to Hermann Müller-Karpe : The Mount of Olives in the Siebengebirge as a Christian symbol , Siegburg 2006, because actually leaves Müller-Karpe (p. 14) is open as to whether the Mount of Olives is named after the Jerusalem Mount of Olives and would primarily like to relate the name to the Christian symbol only according to the nomen-est-omen principle.
- ↑ Karl Josef Klöhs: glorious weather on Seven Mountains . Edition Loge 7, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-00-012113-7 , p. 151 .
- ↑ NRW Foundation does not buy Königswinterer Burghof , General-Anzeiger , October 13, 2018
- ↑ Karl Josef Klöhs: glorious weather on Seven Mountains . Edition Loge 7, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-00-012113-7 , p. 52-53 .
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from November 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Description of the radio systems on the Great Mount of Olives by Patrick Breloehr.
- ↑ The source of money on the Oelberg has dried up , General-Anzeiger , July 1, 2009
- ↑ The Mount of Olives antenna is trimmed , Virtual Bridge Courtyard Museum
- ↑ IGFS eV: IGFS eV - DB0SG, DB0DBN, DB0VVS. Retrieved October 23, 2017 .
- ^ Beautification Association plans wilderness center ; General-Anzeiger Bonn from November 19, 2016
- ^ Sender table for North Rhine-Westphalia (UKW) from www.ukwtv.de .
- ↑ Reflexion - specialist journal for UKW / TV remote reception, issue No. 188, June 2004, p. 44.
- ^ Discussion in the forum on Digitalfernsehen.de ( Memento from May 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ DVB-T project office North Rhine-Westphalia technology group.
Web links
- Labeled panorama of the Great Mount of Olives on www.panorama-photo.net
