Gieboldehausen Castle
| Gieboldehausen Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
| Creation time : | Medieval | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Place: | Gieboldehausen | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 36 '46.5 " N , 10 ° 12' 59.5" E | |
| Height: | 150 m above sea level NN | |
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The Gieboldehausen Castle is an abandoned medieval low castle in Gieboldehausen in the Untereichsfeld in southern Lower Saxony .
location
Gieboldehausen is located in the northern part of the Golden Mark at the confluence of the Hahle and Rhume rivers , which delimit the location in the southwest, west and north. The former castle area is located on the northern edge of the historical center of Gieboldehausen in the Rhumen lowlands at an altitude of about 150 meters.
history
The area around Gieboldehausen belonged to the Saxon Liesgau in the early and high Middle Ages . There is no direct evidence for the castle of Count Biso in Gieboldehausen, which he handed over to the Gandersheim monastery and whose stones he used for the construction of the first church in the village, only mentioning it in a duplicate customer from 1256. The closest count's seat was located in nearby Katlenburg .
A manorial court in Gieboldehausen is assumed for the early to high Middle Ages, where exactly it was located is not known, probably in the area of the slightly higher church in Gieboldehausen. This manor was assigned to a refuge in what is now the south of Gieboldehausen on the Vogelsburg elevation, the area is still called “on the castle” today. King Heinrich II stayed in Gieboldehausen on a trip south in 1003, this reference is considered to be the first written mention of Gieboldehausen. A royal palace was not located here, however, the place was possibly a royal estate and came to a spiritual or monastic institution in 919 (probably to the Gandersheim monastery and not to the long suspected Quedlinburg monastery ).
When the castle was built is not known exactly, probably in the 13th century by the dukes of Braunschweig or the bishops of Hildesheim. It was built as a moated castle in the Rhumen lowlands and had a diameter of 70 meters. Close to the castle was a ford through the Rhume, where several trade and travel routes from different directions met. The castle was first mentioned in writing in 1291 when it was damaged in the Herlingsberg War , a feud between Bishop Siegfried II of Hildesheim and the dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg. The castle was the administrative seat of the officials or bailiffs for the judicial district (later office), which also included the district court in Bernshausen .
From 1342 the castle and the office gradually became the property of the Archbishops of Mainz . In 1377 Adolf von Mainz allowed Burchard von Medem to spend money on the construction of the castle, with the knowledge of Siegfried von Bültzingsleben, Heinrich Knorre , Hildebrand von Uslar and the city council of Duderstadt .
In 1403 the castle and village were besieged by the Dukes of Braunschweig and partially destroyed, in a peace treaty the castle returned to Kurmainz in 1405. According to a document from 1418, Adolf von Nassau, a brother of the Elector, was supposed to restore the castle. In an inventory of the castle in 1485, among other things, the armament, household appliances, livestock and the associated mill and a brewery are named.
The castle was badly damaged in the Thirty Years' War , but was still used as an official residence afterwards. In 1806 the remains of the castle were finally completely demolished. After the old office building was destroyed by fire, the Hanoverian office building was built on the former castle grounds in 1854 , which was later used as the Prussian district court. There are no more building remains of the castle and only a few archaeological finds have been secured (filled moat, some shards). However, since there was no further development of the area, the round castle area is still clearly recognizable in the village.
Burgmanns seats and village fortifications
Several castle men were responsible for securing the castle and office . Up to eight Burgmann seats are known in Gieboldehausen. These were probably not all resident at the castle, but had their own fortified courtyards or houses. These were laid out around the village in such a way that they formed a defense system together with the village fortifications, consisting of a moat and wall with a hedge or bend. The two rivers Hahle and Rhume, whose water was used for the ditch, were integrated into this village fortification. There were fortified gates, such as the upper gate, on the access roads to the village. The Eulenburg and the house on the wall are still known by name of the Burgmannsitz. The house on the wall was converted into today's castle at the beginning of the 16th century by Hans von Minnigerode . In the 13th and 14th centuries, castle men from the following noble families were mentioned: Kerstlingerode , Seulingen , Bültzingslöwen , Desingerode , Hagen and Gieboldehausen . The official seat and the castle mansion included lands that were given as fiefdoms. After the noble family died out at the beginning of the 17th century, the Eulenburg castle feud from Lake Constance fell to that of Kerstlingerode.
Bailiffs and officials
The castle was initially the seat of the Brunswick and later the Electorate of Mainz bailiffs and officials, from here the villages of the Gieboldehausen Office were administered. From 1521 to 1530 the house on the Wall was for a short time the Electorate of Mainz. Since the castle district had several owners at times, there were several lords at the same time. A clear separation of bailiff, officials and burghers is not always possible with certainty in the historical documents:
- 1315/16 ... von Medenheim and Burghard von Wildenstein (as Braunschweig officials)
- 1334 Otto von Rusteberg and Hartmann von Seulingen
- 1342 Count Otto von Lauterberg, Hartmann von Sulingen and the other Burgmannen
- 1346 Knight of Kerstlingerode
- 1347 Bertold v. Worbis and Johann v. Wintzingerode
- 1369 Eckbrecht of Desingerode
- 1373 Tile of Bodungen
- 1378 Herman von Gladebach, Siegried the Elder and the Younger von Bültzingslöwen for at least 5 years, Hans Otto and Henrich von Hagen
- 1392 Hans, Otto and Heinrich von Hagen (Westernhagen?)
- 1418 Adolf von Nassau (a brother of the Elector) is supposed to restore the castle
- 1449 Hans von Grona
- Hall from Germershausen
- 1462 Heinrich von Minnigerode
- Pledged to the cities of Duderstadt and Heiligenstadt in 1463
- 1442 Dietrich von Uslar, 1477 Henrich von Uslar
- 1479, 1493 Henrich and Kraft von Bodenhausen
- 1495 Johannes von Minnigerode (the elder)
- 1516 Henning bread vulture
- 1519 Herwig von Milliges / Amilii ?, Joachim von Bodensee, Hans von Grohne and others
- 1521–1532: Hans von Minnigerode (the younger)
- 1533–1555 Christoph Polle
- 1560–1574 Johann Joachim Selge
- approx. 1574–1592: Burchard von Bodungen
- 1604–1618 Small tapestry
- 1618–1635 Kilian Drippel
- 1633–1634 Georg Germer (as a Brunswick bailiff)
- 1642–1655 Johann Jagemann
- 1642–1649 Georg Polmann (official appointed by Könicksmarck)
- 1650–1656 Johann Jodocus Helmsdorf
- 1656–1703 Heinrich Wedekind
- 1703–1721 Diedrich von Kaiserberg
- 1722–1761 Philipp Valentin Spönla
- 1761–1767 Anselm David Valentin Spönla
- 1767–1774 Georg Philipp Teitzel
- 1774–1802 Daniel Klinckhardt
literature
- Gerhard Rexhausen: From the history of the Gieboldehausen patch up to the year 1500. Festschrift
- Lutz Fenske: Gieboldehausen. In: German royal palaces. Vol. 4 Lower Saxony, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2001
- Josef Koch: The old castles and palaces in Gieboldehausen. In: Heimatland: illustrated home pages for the southern foothills of the Harz, the Eichsfeldes and the adjacent areas. 1/1911 (pp. 1–2) and 2/1911 (pp. 9–11)
- Sabine Wehking : The history of the office of Gieboldehausen . Mecke, Duderstadt 1995
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The former castle in Gieboldehausen in: If stones could talk . Volume IV, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1998
- Johann Wolf: Memories of the market town Gieboldehausen in the Harz department, District Duderstadt. Göttingen 1813 (§11 Burgmänner zu Gieboldehausen p. 29–33; Gieboldehausen Castle I. (p. 0) to VIII. (P. 20))
- Klaus Grote, Sven Schütte (edit.): City and district of Göttingen. Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany 17. Stuttgart 1988
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Wolf: Memories of the market town Gieboldehausen in the Harz department, District Duderstadt. Göttingen 1813, IS 6
- ^ Lutz Fenske: Gieboldehausen. In: "German Royal Palaces." Vol. 4 Lower Saxony, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2001, p. 335 ff.
- ^ Lutz Fenske: "Gieboldehausen" In: "Deutsche Königspfalzen." Vol. 4 Lower Saxony, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen 2001, p. 357
- ↑ Erhard Kühlhorn: The castles in Gieboldehausen. In: Historical and regional excursion map of Lower Saxony. 1: 50000 sheets Osterode am Harz. Commission publisher August Lax Hildesheim 1970, p. 74
- ↑ StA Wü, MIB 9 fol. 003 [01], in: Die Regesten der Mainz Erzbischöfe, URI: [1] (accessed on December 12, 2018)
- ↑ in: The Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz
- ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,2 n.4799, in: Regesta Imperii Online, online (accessed on August 22, 2017)
- ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,2 n. 5567, in: Regesta Imperii Online, online (accessed on August 22, 2017)
- ↑ in: The Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz
- ↑ in: The Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz , accessed on April 18, 2017
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sabine Wehking: The history of the office of Gieboldehausen. Verlag Mecke, Duderstadt 1995
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Bernhard Opfermann : Gestalten des Eichsfeldes. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier, Heiligenstadt 1968
- ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Goettingen 1819