Bernshausen (Seeburg)
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Bernshausen
community Seeburg
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| Height : | 165 m |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
| Postal code : | 37136 |
| Area code : | 05528 |
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Bernshausen is a district of the municipality of Seeburg in the district of Göttingen and belongs to the Untereichsfeld . The place has about 590 inhabitants. Despite the name, the Seeburger See belongs entirely to Bernshausen.
Geographical location
Bernshausen is located about seven kilometers northwest of Duderstadt in the middle of the Golden Mark on the east side of the Seeburger See . The district covers 5.39 km² and is located in the valley of the Aue , which flows into the Suhle , a tributary of the Hahle , near Germershausen . The highest point is the Warteberg (approx. 190 m) north of the village.
Seeburg is to the west, other neighboring towns are Wollbrandshausen in the northeast, Germershausen in the east and Seulingen in the south.
history
Some finds from the Bernshausen district are evidence of a settlement chamber in the Neolithic Age . However, no continuous settlement can be proven. Excavations have shown that a refugee castle was probably built in the 7th century about 400 m south of today's floodplain. This complex probably existed until the 12th century. The first written mention of the place falls in the period from 835 to 845. The Corveyer property register in a copy from the year 1476 shows a donation to the Corvey monastery in the period mentioned. At the turn of the millennium, there is evidence of an aristocratic court in Bernshausen: In 1013 King Heinrich II gave the court in Bernshuson to the diocese of Paderborn. From 1250 until the 15th century, the members of the local noble family, the Knights of Bernshausen, appeared in various documents. These knights were in a feudal relationship with the Counts of Lauterberg, who owned numerous properties in the area. During this time there was a low castle of the Motte type , which was archaeologically examined in 1985, south of the floodplain and in the meadows south of the village. It was located on an artificially raised castle hill 40 meters in diameter and 4 meters high. The castle was built in the first half of the 12th century and burned down around 1400. It was a tower made of wood and clay framework.
From 1237 the Bernshausen district court is mentioned; it comprised about 10 villages and desolations in northern Eichsfeld and obviously enjoyed a high reputation among the nobility, as several documentary mentions show.
From the middle of the 13th century a noble family can be identified who named themselves after the place. For example Wedekin von Bernshausen 1230 and 1241, Giseler v. B. 1246, Rothart 1254 and Lippolt 1275 and 1290. The latter had a tithe before Seulingen. Other tangible representatives of the sex are Werner 1289 to 1314; Hans and his brother Luprand owned two hooves before Seulingen . Some members moved to Duderstadt at the beginning of the 14th century, where they achieved wealth and prestige, for example, Heinrich von Bernshausen is proven as mayor in 1338. The sex played a certain role in their main town and Duderstadt until the 15th century, before they finally died out. This was preceded by numerous sales of goods by the family, for example, in 1353 Dietrich von Bernshausen sold nine acres of land in the quarry of Gieboldehausen to his brother-in-law Curd von Wulfen for four marks of soldered silver. Seven years later, Dietrich sold three farms to the same Curd, an eight-word on the water in Bernshausen, eternal cheat and interest on repurchase for seven marks of soldered silver. 1378 sell jutte of Bernshausen, widow of Hans, and her son Hans her Vorwerk in Nesselröden and grass utilization in the deserted village Nackenrode v halfway to Albrecht. B. and his wife Jutte for 32 and a half Duderstadt marks. Archbishop Konrad III confirms that other sales also take the form of donations . from Mainz in 1430 a rich transfer from the Lords of Bernshausen to the Lords of Seeburg. This involved an annual validity of 6 and a half shillings for a farm and house, 2 and a half fourings for a castle house and the associated position and shares in the mill.
The Bernshausen coat of arms is mentioned for the first time in 1423: The Duderstadt councilor Werner von Bernshausen has three roses on a right-facing sloping beam in the coat of arms shield.
The Archdiocese of Mainz played an increasing role since the 14th century . After initial shares in sea fishing and the court, property was added, which from 1454 was managed in the form of a manorial main farm. With the end of the Middle Ages , Bernshausen increasingly lost its importance.
In the years 1438 and 1626 Bernshausen was destroyed as part of acts of war; In 1897, a major fire destroyed parts of the village and claimed 100 homeless people.
Since the beginning of the 15th century at the latest, Bernshausen belonged to the Gieboldehausen office , from 1885 to the Duderstadt district . Today Bernshausen is part of the Seeburg municipality within the Radolfshausen municipality in the Göttingen district .
The greater part of the Seeburger See belongs to the local area, formerly an important source of income from fishing and other uses, today a nature reserve and recreation area. Bernshausen is one of the best archaeologically researched villages in Lower Saxony.
On January 1, 1973 Bernshausen was incorporated into the neighboring community of Seeburg.
Judiciary
The Counts of Lauterberg not only claimed extensive possessions, but there are also many indications that they saw Bernshausen as the center of their domain. The grave of the last two Counts Otto and Heyso von Lauterberg was in the local church. In addition, they appeared in 1237 as court lords of the Gogericht von Bernshausen. The district court was in the open air, quite common in the Middle Ages, and was on the site of the Lindenhof , part of the former Curtis von Bernshausen, which was slightly elevated at this point. The name Lindenhof suggests that a court linden tree was also there.
In the 14th century, the appointed and sworn judges and counts of the court in Bernshausen consisted primarily of members of the surrounding lower nobility, including a. are the names of Hermann von Bernshausen (1369) and Hermann Rieme (1389-1411) mentioned. Since the 15th century, only the gographer has been listed as a chosen and sworn judge. The Mainz court order of 1516, the Kurmainzische Untergerichtsordnung of 1534 and the Eichsfeldische Landgerichtsordnung contributed to the integration of the regional courts of Bernshausen and Duderstadt into a modern legal system. In the Salbuch of 1785, the inn Zur Linde is named as the traditional meeting place for the conduct of the high and reprimand court , where the court is held by the incumbent Gieboldehaus magistrate and the actuary, as well as by the 13 court officers . The following places in Bernshausen had their duty to be present at court days: Bernshausen, Rollshausen , Seeburg , Wollbrandshausen , Renshausen , Krebeck , Bodensee , Seulingen , Germershausen , half of the Lindau district village Bilshausen , Desingerode , Esplingerode , Werxhausen and the Gieboldehäusener deserted Totenhausen . Each municipality provided a court scoop, Renshausen was the exception, it was represented by Krebeck.
With the transition to the Kingdom of Prussia , which first occupied Duderstadt on August 3, 1802 and shortly afterwards the entire Eichsfeld, the court in Bernshausen was dissolved the following year. The Eichsfeld was awarded to Prussia after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of March 24, 1803. Today, various field names, such as the Galgenweg, which runs south of the Seeburger See, remind of the former regional court.
coat of arms
Blazon : "In blue a golden (yellow) sloping bar topped with three five-petalled red roses with (golden) yellow clusters."
The coat of arms awarded on June 18, 1936 is derived from the coat of arms of the Lords of Bernshausen, who had three red roses in their coat of arms. The rose, as a symbol of justice, also stands for the former Gogericht von Bernshausen.
Culture and sights
Church of St. Peter and Paul
In the history of the church in Bernshausen, the first church was a Romanesque style church that was later redesigned into a Gothic style. It was located in the old village center, while today's Catholic parish church of St. Peter and Paul was on a slightly elevated location in 162 Meters above sea level . The designs come from the Cologne cathedral builder Vinzenz Statz and date to the year 1876. The plan was to build a spacious, three-aisled hall church with a length of 36 m and a width of 14 m including a transept. The structure of the 48 m high tower with four corner galleries and a crowning wreath gallery is a specialty in the lower area . The nave and the choir are spanned by an equally high ribbed vault on which the keystones and the adjacent ribs are colored. Across the middle of the widest part of the nave, the arms were designed to be polygonal closed and are reflected in a kind of clover leaf arrangement. The same shape of the cross arms was also used in the design of the choir. The central nave has the dimensions of the double aisle width of approx. 7 m and contains five octagonal pillars each, which support the arcade arches . The inventory of the church presents itself with the altar , the pulpit and the baptismal font in neo-Gothic style. As in numerous other neo-Gothic churches in Eichsfeld, the local parish church also features the evangelist theme in the main altar. A Madonna figure dates from 1470, while another baptismal font dates from 1709. Unlike the baptismal font already mentioned, the latter acts as a holy water stone in the tower hall and is decorated with putti heads , fruit garlands and a shell relief. Since November 1st, 2014 the church belongs to the parish “St. John the Baptist ”in Seulingen .
organ
The organ was made in 1879 by master organ builder Louis Krell from Duderstadt. The organ has mechanical cone chests and 24 stops on 2 manuals and pedal . Disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P
- 9 fixed combinations as kicks
- mechanical play and stop action
- mechanical cone shop
- Remarks
- ↑ This register is vacant.
Former Curtis
The Curtis von Bernshausen was mentioned for the first time in a document from Emperor Heinrich II and describes a main court of the Saxon high nobility of the Immedinger , of which ownership records for Bernshausen can be found in the Corveyer traditions as early as 845. The lifespan of the farm is dated from the 8th to the 12th century. The Curtis was researched by the Göttingen District Monument Preservation from 1988 and was located directly on Lake Seeburg to the northwest on a small island that was 600 m long and 180 m wide, as the lake level in the Middle Ages was higher than it is today. Affiliated with the Curtis, there were rural settlement areas and handicrafts workshops: Remains of large buildings in wooden post construction, pit houses sunk into cellars , simple storage pits and a stone-walled well were uncovered until 1996. A narrow ditch probably enclosed the yard area, where materials made of ceramics, metal, bones, stone and charred paleobotanical remains were excavated. From these discoveries it is concluded that the local handicrafts at that time, consisting of iron and lead processing, bone carving and weaving, had long-distance connections to Thuringia and Northern Hesse. In the southern part of the island, the Curtis long in the north-western part, there was an elaborately built weir system 300 m away. It was discovered in 1980 and two phases of construction were identified, the first of which is dated to the 7th to 10th centuries, while the second phase was realized from the 10th century by a new building.
Economy and Infrastructure
Livestock farming and the associated high number of cattle and horses have always played a special role in Bernshausen. In 1780 there were 72 horses, 96 cows, 36 large and 30 small cattle, 109 pigs, 234 geese and around 200 sheep. The number of horses fell sharply under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of West Stakes , so that in 1810 there were only 55 horses, but the number of farm animals remained constant. Up to the end of the 19th century the importance of livestock farming increased again, as testified by 177 cattle, 498 sheep, 363 pigs, 111 goats and 6 beehives in 1892. The extensive pasture operation was mainly determined by the cow, calf, foal, pig and goose herdsmen, as well as the shepherds. In many cases, there were inconsistencies and processes during herding, although exact regulations were stipulated. Another special feature was the carving of spoons. A descendant of the school teacher Heinrich Ilman, who died in 1690, Georg Ilemann, found a job as a swineherd in Landolfshausen at the beginning of the 19th century . While guarding on the Westerberg he learned the art of carving . After his marriage in 1833 he intensified the carving, made spoons, mainly from maple wood, and sold them for 4 pfennigs each. The wood was mainly obtained from the Radolf houses and Göttingen forests . After Georg Ilemann died in 1882, his three sons also learned the art of carving and carried out this activity as a secondary trade. This trade was continued until the 1930s, making spoons, butter flutes, butter clubs, ladles, Ruhr spoons and similar devices and selling these items using Eichsfeld peddlers and merchants from Göttingen, Elze , Hildesheim and Hanover .
literature
- Leo Engelhardt and Bernd H. Siebert: Family book Bernshausen / Germershausen in the lower Eichsfeld (district of Göttingen), 1677 - approx. 1900. Leipzig: AMF 2015 (= Central German local family books of AMF 83)
- Klaus Grote : Bernshausen. Archeology and history of a medieval central town on Lake Seeburg . Habelt, Bonn 2003. ISBN 3-7749-3143-7
- Bernd Siebert: Bernshausen. On the latest history of the oldest village in the Lower Field 1936–1986 . Seeburg 1986
- Georg Wolpers: Eleven Hundred Years of Bernshausen. From the history of a small Eichsfeld village 836–1936 . Duderstadt 1985
- Klaus Grote: The Niederungsburg (Motte) of Bernshausen on the Seeburger See In: Mamoun Fansa , Frank Both, Henning Haßmann (editor): Archeology | Land | Lower Saxony. 400,000 years of history. State Museum for Nature and Man, Oldenburg 2004. Pages 571–574.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ George Wolpers: Eleven hundred years Bernhausen. From the story of a small Eichsfeld village . Mecke, Duderstadt 1936, p. 13 .
- ↑ Bitzan, Tassilo; Hauff, Maria; Adler, Rolf: Historical everyday life in the villages of the Untereichsfeld - From the photo albums of our grandparents, ed. from the working group of local home nurses in Untereichsfeld, 2007, p. 131.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 206 .
- ↑ Coat of arms of the Bernshausen community