Rattenberg castle ruins
| Rattenberg castle ruins | ||
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| Creation time : | First mentioned in 1254 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Rattenberg | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 26 '20 " N , 11 ° 53' 35.5" E | |
| Height: | 540 m above sea level A. | |
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The Rattenberg castle ruins are the ruins of a hilltop castle above the town of Rattenberg in Tyrol .
location
The ruin is in a strategically favorable position on a fall - back knoll that reaches up to the Inn , south of the city.
history
The castle was first mentioned in a document in 1254, but was probably built around 1000 by a Rato from the Rapoton dynasty , who at that time ruled the Lower Inn Valley as vassals of the Bishop of Regensburg . It was an important border fortress between the Duchy of Bavaria and Tyrol and the seat of the Rattenberg Regional Court, which stretched from the Ziller to Kundl . A settlement developed at the foot of the castle, which was given market rights in 1254 and town rights in 1393 , which required the fortification of the place. For this a city wall was built, in which the castle was included.
As early as the 13th and 14th centuries, the castle was temporarily owned by Tyrolean liens , and in 1504 Rattenberg finally fell to Tyrol . Emperor Maximilian I had the castle expanded into a mighty fortress by his master builder Michael Zeller. It received strong roundabouts and gates in the west and east. The "Upper Castle" with four towers and a large gun bastion was built on the slope above the castle.
As the seat of the court, the castle also served as a prison and place of execution. Between 1528 and 1540 71 Anabaptists were executed here, among them Leonhard Schiemer , one of the leading figures of the Anabaptist movement, in 1528 . In 1651, Chancellor Wilhelm Biener died on the scaffold .
When Elector Max Emanuel and his troops invaded Tyrol in the course of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1703 (" Bavarian Rummel "), Rattenberg was fiercely contested. The fortress was initially captured by the Bavarians after a brief resistance, but then recaptured by miners and peasants with cruel acts of revenge.
After Joseph II abandoned all fortresses in Tyrol except Kufstein in 1782 , Rattenberg was also sold, canned and left to decay. In 1905 the city took over the ruins and gradually had security work carried out. Open-air plays have been staged in the castle courtyard since 1951, including Der Kanzler von Tirol about Biener's last years or about the life of St. Notburga .
Current condition
From the medieval castle, the lower floors of the east upstream are the keep received. The mighty square tower with Romanesque masonry has a slit of light on the east side and a walled-in round arched high entrance on the west side , the remaining openings are late medieval window openings from the 15th / 16th. Century. The upper floors of the tower with tuff-framed windows and light slits were rebuilt in the 15th century. From Palas and farm buildings of walls are still standing. The roundabouts and gate systems date from the 16th century.
The upper castle consists of a strong central roundabout with shooting chambers and a corbel crown . On the east and west side there are two smaller flank towers that are connected to one another by walls. The late Gothic windows and gate walls are made of Hagau marble. The complex is surrounded by a deep neck ditch blasted out of the rock , which is repeated in the depression in front of the keep. Access is via steep stairs carved out of the rock.
The castle ruins with the remains of the city fortifications are under monument protection .
literature
- Beatrix and Egon Pinzer: Castles Palaces Ruins in North and East Tyrol . Edition Löwenzahn, Innsbruck 1996, ISBN 3-7066-2122-3 , p. 171-173 .
- Frick, Wiesauer: castle ruins, castle ruins Rattenberg. In: Tyrolean art register . Retrieved February 1, 2018 .
Web links
- Entry on Rattenberg castle ruins in the private database “All castles”.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Beatrix Pinzer, Egon Pinzer: Castles, palaces and ruins in North Tyrol and East Tyrol . 1996. p. 172