Busskirch

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View from the wooden bridge Rapperswil – Hurden over the Obersee to the peninsula of Busskirch

Busskirch is an old church village in the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

geography

Busskirch is located southeast of Rapperswil on the banks of the upper Lake Zurich and is now a residential area.

Social history

Busskirch's location on the Gygerplan from 1667

Busskirch was first mentioned in 842/843 as Fossonas ecclesiam , 854 as Fussinchirichun and 1209 as Bushilche . In Roman times it was probably a transshipment point on the Winterthur / Zurich - Chur - Italy traffic route. The location on the lake shore and a depression in the shore area southeast of the church can be an indication of a small port or a ship landing stage. The remains of the Roman wall under the church could have been part of its infrastructure (warehouse, administration building, residential building). The Busskirch transshipment point would have been important if the water level was low, as the direct water connection between Lake Zurich and Obersee would then have been unlikely to be navigable. In this case, the goods could have been reloaded from the ship onto wagons and taken by land from Busskirch to the Roman settlement Centum Prata ( Kempraten ) - and vice versa - in order to be shipped again. From the Roman vicus and port of Kempraten, an overland road led in a straight line to Busskirch. The Roman colonization of Busskirch lasted because of the findings until at least the 3rd century n. Chr. The settlement Busskirch formed with Jonah a Allmend Cooperative . It belonged to the property of the Count of Rapperswil and later the city of Rapperswil.

The early medieval parish church of St. Martin and its cemetery stand on the remains of a Roman manor or warehouse from the 1st to 4th centuries. From 840 to 1838 the parish of Busskirch belonged to the Benedictine Abbey of Pfäfers , which had the collature, tithe rights and extensive property. The parishes of Rapperswil and Jona belonged until the 12th and 13th. Century to the large parish and mother church Busskirch. In 1253 Count Rudolf III. von Rapperswil surrendered his patronage rights to the Pfäfers monastery in order to free the town church of Rapperswil , which belonged to the Pfäfers parish of Busskirch. In 1369 the church of the Mariazell-Wurmsbach monastery was added to the parish church of Busskirch. In 1945 the parish of Busskirch was integrated into the parish of Jona. The Catholic Church is now a popular wedding church.

literature

  • Pascale Sutter (adaptation): Legal sources of the city and rule of Rapperswil (with the farms Busskirch / Jona, Kempraten and Wagen) . In: Collection of Swiss legal sources , XIV. Department: The legal sources of the canton of St. Gallen, Part two: The city rights of St. Gallen and Rapperswil, Second row: The legal sources of the city and rule of Rapperswil, Schwabe, Basel 2007. ISBN 978-3 -7965-2297-0 [1]

St. Martin Church

Church of St. Martin from the west
inside view

The at least six previous churches of St. Martin's Church stand on remains of Roman walls that came to light during the interior renovation in 1975. They belong to a building with several construction phases. Remnants of an ancient floor heating system were found as early as 1927. The original building from the second half of the 1st century AD was initially extended to the east with additional rooms. In the 3rd century AD, the ground in part of the building was raised, presumably because the lake level had risen permanently. Roman walls of the same building complex were also found north of the church. Several cremation graves were destroyed about 200 m northwest of the church during the construction of residential houses . Possibly they belonged to a Roman cemetery on the road that led from Busskirch to Kempraten. In the early Middle Ages (approx. 7th century), a first small hall church dedicated to St. Martin of Tours was built directly within the Roman ruins . A reference to the early Christianization in the Linth area . A larger hall church probably dates back to the Carolingian period - probably these are those church 842/843 AD in chur.. Raetian Empire reclaimed is mentioned. Around 1100 AD a Romanesque church with an apse was built . Only 200 years later this was removed down to the foundation walls and a new, late Romanesque church was built on the foundations. This formed the core building for the subsequent renovations of the church. 1482–1483 the church was redesigned with the addition of a polygonal Gothic choir and tower. With this the church had reached the building stock that is still visible today. In 1656 the people of Zurich destroyed the late Gothic furnishings of the walled church during the siege of the city of Rapperswil . In 1848 the nave was redesigned in a Biedermeier - classical style and a window yoke was added to the west. The ossuary was demolished in 1850. The neo-Gothic altar furniture from 1905 comes from the Müller brothers from Wil SG. The Roman excavations under the church can be visited.

Attractions

literature

  • A. Helbling: The history of the ancient parish Busskirch on the upper Lake of Zurich , revised by L. Helbling, 1976
  • The art monuments of the canton of St. Gallen , Volume IV. The lake district; Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 1966

Web links

Commons : St. Martin Busskirch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 13 '11 "  N , 8 ° 50' 3.4"  E ; CH1903:  705,708  /  230805