Buthidae
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| CL Koch , 1837 |
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The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions (Scorpiones) with currently 919 species in 87 genera .
features
The Buthidae are mostly small to medium-sized scorpions with a triangular to pentagonal breast plate. The tail of most representatives is broad and very strongly built, but some genera also have narrower tails. The gripping legs can also be narrow or strong. The color of the species varies from yellow to dark brown and, more rarely, black. The body size varies from about 20 millimeters in the case of Microtityus and Microbuthus species to 120 millimeters in the species of several genera.
Among the Buthidae there are some species with a very strong poison , around 20 species can also be fatal to humans. The strongest poisons are found in species of the genera Androctonus , Centruroides , Hottentotta , Leiurus , Parabuthus and Tityus .
distribution and habitat
Species of the Buthidae are common in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions around the world. They live under stones and in crevices as well as in small, sometimes up to 40 centimeters deep caves.
Systematics
The following genera are grouped together as Buthidae:
- Afghanobuthus Lourenço, 2005
- Afroisometrus Kovarík, 1997
- Akaranocharmus Lourenço, 2004
- Akentrobuthus Lamoral, 1976
- Alayotityus Armas, 1973
- Ananteris Thorell, 1891
- Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Anomalobuthus Kraepelin, 1900
- Apistobuthus Finnegan, 1932
- Australobuthus Locket, 1990
- Babycurus Karsch, 1886
- Baloorthochirus Kovarik, 1996
- Birulatus Vachon, 1974
- Buthacus Birula, 1908
- Butheoloides Hirst, 1925
- Butheolus Simon, 1882
- Buthiscus Birula, 1905
- Buthoscorpio Werner, 1936
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Buthus Leach, 1815
( field scorpion ) -
Centruroides Marx, 1890
( Centruroides vittatus ) - Charmus Karsch, 1879
- Cicileus Vachon, 1948
- Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949
- Congobuthus Lourenço, 1999
- Darchenia Vachon, 1977
- Egyptobuthus Lourenço, 1999
- Femtobuthus Loewe, 2010
- Grosphus Simon, 1880
- Hemibuthus Pocock, 1900
- Hemilychas Hirst, 1911
- Himalayotityobuthus Lourenço, 1997
- Hottentotta Birula, 1908
- Iranobuthus Kovarík, 1997
- Isometroides Keyserling, 1885
- Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Karasbergia Hewitt, 1913
- Kraepelinia Vachon, 1974
- Lanzatus Kovarik, 2001
- Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Liobuthus Birula, 1898
- Lissothus Vachon, 1948
- Lychas CL Koch, 1845
- Lychasioides Vachon, 1974
- Mauritanobuthus Qi & Lourenço, 2007
- Mesobuthus Vachon, 1950
- Mesotityus Gonzáles-Sponga, 1981
- Microananteris Lourenço, 2003
- Microbuthus Kraepelin, 1898
- Microcharmus Lourenço, 2005
- Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
- Neobuthus Hirst, 1911
- Neogrosphus Lourenço, 1995
- Neoprothobuthus Lourenço, 2000
- Odontobuthus Vachon, 1950
- Odonturus Karsch, 1879
- Orthochiroides Kovarík, 1998
- Orthochirus Karsch, 1891
- Pantobuthus Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
- Parabuthus Pocock, 1890
- Pectinibuthus Fet, 1984
- Physoctonus Mello-Leitao, 1934
- Picobuthus Loewe, 2010
- Plesiobuthus Pocock, 1900
- Polisius Fet, Capes & Sissom, 2001
- Psammobuthus birula , 1911
- Pseudolissothus Lourenço, 2001
- Pseudolychas Kraepelin, 1911
- Pseudouroplectes Lourenço, 1995
- Razianus Farzanpay, 1987
- Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876
- Riftobuthus Lourenço, Duhem & Cloudsley-Thompson 2010
- Sabinebuthus Lourenço, 2001
- Saharobuthus Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
- Sassandiothus Farzanpay, 1987
- Simonoides Vachon & Farzanpay, 1987
- Somalibuthus Kovarík, 1998
- Somalicharmus Kovarík, 1998
- Thaicharmus Kovarík, 1995
- Tityobuthus Pocock, 1893
- Tityopsis Armas, 1974
- Tityus CL Koch, 1836
- Troglorhopalurus Lourenço, Baptista & Giupponi, 2004
- Troglotityobuthus Lourenço, 2000
- Uroplectes Peters, 1861
- Uroplectoides Lourenço, 1998
- Vachoniolus Levi, Amitai & Shulov, 1973
- Vachonus Tikader & Bastawade, 1983
- Zabius Thorell, 1893
Buthidae and humans
Buthidae are of medicinal importance to humans because of their toxins. In addition, species of this family are preferably kept as terrarium animals by lovers .
swell
literature
- R. Stockmann & E. Ythier: Scorpions of the World. NAP Editions 2010, ISBN 978-2-913688-11-7
Web links
- Jan Ove Rein (Ed): The Scorpion Files - Buthidae ( [1] Online, accessed January 31, 2011)
