National Space Agency of China

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National Space Agency logo

The National Space Administration of China (國家 航天 局 / 国家 航天 局, Guójiā Hángtiānjú ), often abbreviated to "CNSA" because of the English name China National Space Administration abroad, is the public face of Chinese space travel and serves as a contact for the press and foreign organizations. Since March 15, 2008 it has been subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology . It is based in Beijing's Haidian District , Fucheng Str. 8a. The director with the rank of State Secretary has been Zhang Kejian (张克俭, * 1961) since May 24, 2018.

The CNSA only deals with unmanned satellites and deep space probes. It must not be confused with the CMSA ( China Manned Space Agency ), which is part of a completely different chain of command and is responsible for China's manned space flight.

history

Never Rongzhen

The history of the National Space Agency begins on March 14, 1956, when the Central Military Commission decided to set up an Aviation Industry Commission at the Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China, headed by Field Marshal Nie Rongzhen , to be responsible for China's nascent aerospace industry should. On August 6, 1956, Defense Minister Peng Dehuai founded the “Fifth Bureau of the Ministry of Defense” (国防部 第五 局, Pinyin Guófángbù Dìwǔ Jú ) on the proposal of Nie Rongzhen and with the approval of the Central Military Commission , which on March 1, 1957 became part of the “ 5. Ministry of Defense Research Institute ”was passed over.

A series of further structural reforms finally led in April 1988 to the formation of the “Ministry of Aerospace Industry” (航空 航天 工业 部, Pinyin Hángkōng Hángtiān Gōngyè Bù ). The Ministry of Aerospace Industry was not a ministry in the usual sense, but rather a corporation, if not for profit, with factories and research facilities scattered across the country. This was also formally taken into account in March 1993, when the Ministry, by resolution of the National People's Congress , incorporated the "umbrella company for the aviation industry" (中国 航空 工业 总公司, Pinyin Zhōngguó Hángkōng Gōngyè Zǒnggōngsī ) and the "umbrella company for the space industry" (中国 航天 工业 总公司, ​​Pinyin Zhōngguó Hángtiān Gōngyè Zǒnggōngsī ) was split up. On July 1, 1999, the latter was further divided into an armaments and a space company, known abroad as China Aerospace Machinery and Electronics Corporation and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation . The latter deals with the actual development and manufacture of spacecraft, while as the front organization and contact person for foreign countries as early as April 22, 1993 by resolution of the National People's Congress, at that time still under the umbrella of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense , the National Space Agency had been established.

Liu Jiyuan, the first director of the National Space Agency, a specialist in rocket control and throughout its existence Secretary of State in the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, was also chairman of the board of the umbrella company for the space industry. This tradition that the national space agency has no independent leadership is continued to this day. Luan Enjie, also a missile control specialist and Liu Jiyuan's deputy, was appointed vice chairman of the Defense Technology Commission when he was appointed director in April 1998 . And since 2010 the director of the CNSA has always been the director of the National Nuclear Energy Authority and, above all, the National Authority for Science, Technology and Industry in National Defense , the successor organization to the Defense Technology Commission founded on March 15, 2008.

tasks

In contrast to the ESA , for example , the National Space Agency does not have any launch sites or control centers - they all belong to the Strategic Combat Support Force of the People's Liberation Army - but sees itself as a communication platform and mediator between the numerous departments, academic institutions and companies involved in the Chinese space projects. The official tasks of the CNSA are:

  • Formulation of a national space policy as well as the corresponding laws and regulations
  • Elaboration of strategies for the development of the Chinese space travel, establishment of industrial standards
  • Review and approval of important research projects related to space travel as well as monitoring and coordination of their implementation
  • Exchange and cooperation with foreign space agencies and international organizations

The Chinese space agency has been a member of the International Charter for Space and Natural Disasters since 2007 .

organization structure

In accordance with its mandate, the administrative departments of the National Space Agency are in the majority. Some of the departments are operated jointly with the National Authority for Science, Technology and Industry in National Defense, which is often abbreviated to "SASTIND" because of the English term for State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, which is located in the same building , a principle that one calls in China "one office, two door plates" (一个 机构 两块 牌子):

  • Headquarters (综合 司)
  • Strategic Planning Department (发展 计划 司)
  • Department for Technical Systems (系统工程 司 = Department for Technical Systems I of SASTIND)
  • Science, Technology and Quality Control Department (科技 与 质量 司)
  • Foreign Affairs Department (外事 司)
  • Coordination Department (协调 司)
  • Center for Public Relations (新闻 宣传 中心 = Center for Public Relations of SASTIND)
  • Center for Space Law (空间 法律 中心)
  • Center for monitoring of space debris (空间碎片监测与应用中心, a joint venture with the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences )
  • Center for final inspection of satellites (卫星 总装 集成 测试 中心)
  • Center for Testing and Approval of Remote Sensing from Space (航天 遥感 论证 中心, a joint venture with the Institute for Remote Sensing and Digital Geosciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Center for Earth Observation and Data (对 地 观测 与 数据 中心)
  • Center for lunar exploration and space projects (探 月 与 航天 工程 中心 = Center for lunar exploration and space projects of SASTIND)

In addition, the National Space Agency supports the Society for Astronautics (中国 宇航 学会) founded in October 1979 by Qian Xuesen , Ren Xinmin and Zhang Zhenhuan, the Association for Applied Remote Reconnaissance (中国 遥感 应用 协会) founded on August 26, 1992, which was founded in December 1997 founded Study Society for Space Law (中国 空间 法学 会) and the Chinese Space Foundation (中国 航天 基金会) founded on March 1, 1995.

Major missions of the CNSA

Surname Starting year Brief description Result
Double star 2003 Exploration of the earth's magnetic field success
Chang'e-1 2007 First lunar probe and prelude to the lunar program success
Chang'e-2 2010 Second lunar probe success
Yinghuo-1 2011 Mars Orbiter, launched with Fobos-Grunt False start
Chang'e-3 2013 First unmanned moon landing success
Gaofen 1 2016 Launch of the high-resolution earth observation system success
Chang'e-4 2018 Second lunar lander and rover success
Tianwen-1 2020 Mars probe: orbiter, lander and rover on road
Chang'e 5 2020 Third lunar lander, sample return on road

List of directors

Liu Jiyuan (刘纪 原) * 1933 April 1993 - April 1998 at the same time CEO of the umbrella company for the space industry
Luan Enjie (栾 恩杰) * 1940 April 1998 - April 23, 2004 also Deputy Chairman of COSTIND
Sun Laiyan (孙 来 燕) * 1957 April 23, 2004 - May 2, 2010 from April 23, 2004 Deputy Chairman of COSTIND, from March 21, 2008 Deputy Head of SASTIND
Chen Qiufa (陈 求 发) * 1954 July 31, 2010 - January 26, 2013 since March 18, 2008 head of SASTIND, since August 23, 2008 also director of CAEA
Ma Xingrui * 1959 March 19, 2013 - December 20, 2013 at the same time head of SASTIND and director of CAEA
Xu Dazhe * 1956 December 25, 2013 - September 5, 2016 at the same time head of SASTIND and director of CAEA
Tang Dengjie * 1964 May 29, 2017 - January 10, 2018 at the same time head of SASTIND and director of CAEA
Zhang Kejian (张克俭) * 1961 since May 24, 2018 at the same time head of SASTIND and director of CAEA

Web links

 Wikinews: Chinese Space Portal  - in the news

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 宋 岩:国务院 任免 国家 工作 人员 （2018 年 5 月 24 日）. In: gov.cn. May 24, 2018, Retrieved April 22, 2019 (Chinese).
  2. ^ Organization & Leader. In: cnsa.gov.cn. May 24, 2018, accessed April 22, 2019 .
  3. ↑ 领导 简介. In: cnsa.gov.cn. Retrieved April 22, 2019 (Chinese).
  4. ↑ 梅世雄 、 毛 俊:第 一个 导弹 火箭 研究 机构 —— 国防部 五 院 ： 中国 航天 梦 的 起点. In: xinhuanet.com. July 10, 2016, accessed July 3, 2019 (Chinese).
  5. ^ China National Space Administration. In: english.sitp.cas.cn. August 11, 2009, accessed July 3, 2019 .
  6. ↑ 刘纪 原. In: cctv.com. Retrieved July 28, 2019 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ 历史 沿革. In: spacechina.com. Retrieved July 28, 2019 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ 魏 艳:栾 恩杰. In: scitech.people.com.cn. August 20, 2008, Retrieved July 28, 2019 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ 国防 科 工委 专家 咨询 委 主任 、 绕 月 探测 工程 总指挥 栾 恩杰. In: gov.cn. November 30, 2007, Retrieved July 28, 2019 (Chinese).
  10. ↑ Functions. In: cnsa.gov.cn. May 24, 2018, accessed July 3, 2019 .
  11. ↑ 《空间 碎片 研究》. In: spacechina.com. September 9, 2019, accessed May 18, 2020 (Chinese).
  12. ↑ 国家 航天 局 航天 遥感 论证 中心. In: radi.cas.cn. Retrieved November 2, 2019 (Chinese).
  13. ↑ 机构 组成. In: cnsa.gov.cn. Retrieved October 24, 2020 (Chinese).
  14. ↑ In the case of commercial communications satellites, the China Great Wall Industry Corporation (a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation ) acts as the hinge between civilian customers and the military - there is no civil space travel in China - and the Beidou (which can also be used by civilians) Navigation satellites are completely under the People's Liberation Army, similar to the American Global Positioning System .
  15. ↑ 主要 职责. In: cnsa.gov.cn. Retrieved July 3, 2019 (Chinese).
  16. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 28, 2019 (Chinese).
  17. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 28, 2019 (Chinese).
  18. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  19. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  20. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  21. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  22. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  23. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  24. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  25. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  26. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  27. ↑ 中华人民共和国 国务院 任免 人员. In: gov.cn. Retrieved July 27, 2019 (Chinese).
  28. ↑ 宋 岩:国务院 任免 国家 工作 人员 （2018 年 5 月 24 日）. In: gov.cn. May 24, 2018, accessed July 27, 2019 (Chinese).