Cabanis wren

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Cabanis wren
Cabanis's Wren -14 100- (33542227345) .jpg

Cabanis wren ( Cantorchilus modestus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cantorchilus
Type : Cabanis wren
Scientific name
Cantorchilus modestus
( Cabanis , 1861)

The Cabaniszaunkönig ( Cantorchilus modestus ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), in Mexico , Guatemala , Honduras , El Salvador , Nicaragua and Costa Rica is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The species is considered to be monotypical .

features

The Cabanis wren reaches a body length of about 12.5 to 14.0 cm with an average weight of the males of 19.7 g and the females of 17.9 g. With few facial markings or noticeable stripes, he looks a bit conservative compared to other wrens. He has a white over-eye stripe , the reins are gray and the eye stripe is gray-brown. The cheeks and the ear covers are mottled dark grayish brown and grayish white. The top of the head is dark gray-brown, the back is reddish brown and the rump is orange and reddish. The wings of the hand and the wings appear warm brown with inconspicuous stripes. The reddish brown control feathers are crisscrossed with darker broad bands. The throat is white, the breast light grayish yellow-brown, the middle of the abdomen yellow-brown-white. The flanks, the belly sides and the under tail-coverts are warm orange-yellow-brown. The eyes are light reddish brown, the upper beak dark brown, the lower beak pale lead blue and the legs bluish slate color. Both sexes are similar. Young animals have dark brown eyes and a flesh-colored lower beak. It is smaller than the celedon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ) and its color is warmer. The Panama wren ( Cantorchilus elutus ) appears duller and paler in color. Its beak is longer, the tail shorter and the eyes are yellow.

Behavior and nutrition

The cabanis wren feeds mainly on insects and spiders . A full-grown animal was seen bringing berries to its nestlings. Most of the time it is in pairs when foraging and moves in the dense vegetation of the relatively low strata , occasionally also in the upper tree areas. It was once observed to attack the eggs of other species, but probably only to decimate food competitors.

Vocalizations

The singing of the Cabanis wren consists of a loud basic pattern of three to four whistles that sound like chin-chir-gui or chin-chir-gui . Occasionally this is only given by the males, but this is regularly sounded completely antiphonically by both sexes. The male emits the first two or three tones that the female concludes. Males without a partner sing more softly and less shrilly. Nestlings that have just escaped sing very differently to adult birds. This then sounds like a chaotic rambling song, which is very reminiscent of the cat thrush ( Dumetella carolinensis ). It also emits rough chur and ringing chi-chi-chi sounds.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the Cabanis wren in Costa Rica is relatively long. Active nests were found from January to September. The elliptical nest has a short horizontal axis. The side entrance is directed downwards and occasionally secured by a lintel . It is built from grass and plant fibers, laid out with plant shedding and placed in dense undergrowth about 0.5 to 3 meters above the ground. The sleeping nest is often thinner and without decoration. A clutch consists of two white eggs without markings, rarely three. The incubation takes place exclusively by the female and lasts 18 days. The time until the nestlings fledge takes about 14 days and more.

distribution and habitat

The Cabanis wren prefers forest edges, secondary vegetation, gardens with sufficient vegetation, overgrown citrus plantations with epiphytes and similar habitats. It doesn't matter to him whether these are wet or dry areas. It moves at altitudes from sea level to about 2000 meters.

migration

It is believed that the Cabanis wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

For a long time the celedon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ( Ridgway , 1878)), the Panama wren ( Cantorchilus elutus ( Bangs , 1902)), Thryothorus modestus roberti Phillips, AR , 1986 and Thryothorus modestus vanrossemi Phillips, AR , 1986 were regarded as subspecies of Cabaniszaunkigs. Today C. m. roberti and C. m. vanrossemi as synonyms for Cabanis wren. The status of another potential subspecies from Belize has not yet been clarified.

Etymology and history of research

The Cabanis wren was first described in 1861 by Jean Louis Cabanis under the scientific name Thryothorus modestus . The type specimen was collected by Alexander von Frantzius (1821–1877) near San José . In 2006, Nigel Ian Mann , Frederick Keith Barker , Jefferson Alden Graves , Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann and Peter James Bramwell Slater introduced the genus Cantorchilus, which is new to science . This name is derived from "cantus" for "song" and "orkhilos ορχιλος " for "wren". The species name »modestus« means »simple, plain, untracked« from »modus« for »measure, standard«. "Roberti" is dedicated to Robert Ridgway , "vanrossemi" to  Adriaan Joseph van Rossem .

literature

  • Outram Bangs: On a second collection of birds made in Chrique, By WW Brown Jr. In: Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club . tape 3 , 1902, pp. 15-70 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Overview of the birds of Costa Rica in the Berlin Museum . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 8 , no. 48 , 1861, pp. 401-416 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1860).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Plain Wren (Cantorchilus modestus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Nigel Ian Mann, Frederick Keith Barker, Jefferson Alden Graves, Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann, Peter James Bramwell Slater: Molecular data delineate four genera of "Thryothorus" wrens . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 40 , no. 3 , September 1, 2006, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.04.014 (2006).
  • Allan Robert Phillips: The known birds of North and Middle America. Distributions and Variation, Migrations, Changes, Hybrids, etc. 1 (Hirundinidae to Mimidae; Certhiidae). Roberts Rinehart Publisher, Denver 1986, ISBN 0-9617402-0-5 .
  • Robert Ridgway: Description of two new species of birds from Costa Rica, and notes on other rare species from that country . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 3 , 1878, p. 252-255 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jacob R. Saucier, César Sánchez, Matthew David Carling: Patterns of genetic and morphological divergence reveal a species complex in the Plain Wren (Cantorchilus modestus) . In: The Auk . tape 132 , no. 4 , October 2015, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1642 / AUK-15-8.1 .

Web links

Commons : Cabanis wren ( Cantorchilus modestus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  3. ^ Robert Ridgway, pp. 252-253.
  4. ^ Outram Bangs, p. 51.
  5. ↑ a b c d Allan Robert Phillips, p. 163.
  6. ↑ Jacob R. Saucier et al. a. (2015), pp. 750-759.
  7. ^ Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 409.
  8. ↑ a b Nigel Ian Mann u. a., p. 758.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 257.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mann u. a. categorized the long-billed wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris ( Vieillot , 1819)) into the new genus.