Zeledon wren

Zeledon wren
	Zeledon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni )
Systematics
Order :	Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination :	Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily :	Certhioidea
Family :	Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre :	Cantorchilus
Type :	Zeledon wren
Scientific name
	Cantorchilus zeledoni
	( Ridgway , 1878)

The Zeledonzaunkönig ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) leading from the eastern Nicaragua on the eastern Costa Rica and northwestern Panama is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The species is considered to be monotypical .

features

The zeledon wren reaches a body length of about 14.0 cm. The white stripe above the eyes stands out from the gray top of the head and the gray-brown stripe behind the eye. The ear covers are mottled gray and dirty white. The upper side is brownish gray, a color that merges into olive at the rump . The wrist and arm wings are matt gray-brown with inconspicuous darker stripes. The olive-brown control feathers are criss-crossed with eye-catching darker bands. The underside looks dirty white, which turns gray on the chest and gray-yellow-brown in the back of the belly. The eyes are gray-brown, the upper beak black, the lower beak gray and the legs dark olive. It is larger than the Cabanis wren ( Cantorchilus modestus ) and also differs from it by a considerable proportion of its gray color. Both sexes are similar. Hatchlings have less noticeable facial markings and a duller color on the underside.

Behavior and nutrition

No data are available on the diet of the zeledon wren. When foraging it moves in the vegetation of the relatively low strata in the dense undergrowth.

Vocalizations

The celedon wren sings in a complex duet of the sexes, with three main components, each of which differs in structure. This begins with fast and highly coordinated alternating two-part phrases from the female and a relatively short, fast, low-frequency phrase from the male. This is followed by a somewhat long, high-frequency phrase made up of four to six elements by the male. Each gender has its own repertoire for the respective part, and each type of phrase is linked together to sing a duet. Only the occasional opening of the phrases by the male or regular singing does not occur.

Reproduction

According to a bird ringing study in Costa Rica, the zeledon wren breeds from March to August. The nest is egg-shaped and approx. 10.0 × 6.7 to 10.3 cm in size and 16 to 19 cm high with a side entrance with an umbrella which leads to a tunnel leading downwards. He builds this from plant fibers and lays it out with seeds and feathers. The nest is built by the female and this takes about three days. The celedon wren places its nest at a height of 0.65 to 1.65 meters above the ground on a horizontal branch, which is usually located in dense undergrowth or in a tangle of creepers. Thinner nests that serve as sleeping places are built by both sexes. A clutch consists of two to three light blue eggs. The eggs will hatch for 14 days. The chicks are fed by both parents. The nestlings fledge after 14 to 15 days. Occasionally the chicks leave the nest before they are able to fly, but are then fed near the nest for two more days before following the parents and leaving the nest. Twenty eggs were laid during the study, eleven of which hatched chicks and only two of the chicks survived until independent from their parents. Nest predators such as snakes and white-nosed coatis ( Nasua narica ) were mainly responsible for the losses. In addition, the red- eyed cowbird ( Molothrus aeneus ) use the nest as a brood parasite .

distribution and habitat

The zeledon wren prefers secondary vegetation, relaxing agricultural landscapes and wild reed beds . It does not occur in the original forest. It moves at altitudes from sea level to over 600 meters. It does not occur at the high altitudes occupied by the Cabanis wren.

migration

It is believed that the zeledon wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

For a long time the celedon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ( Ridgway , 1878)), the Panama wren ( Cantorchilus elutus ( Bangs , 1902)), Thryothorus modestus roberti Phillips, AR , 1986 and Thryothorus modestus vanrossemi Phillips, AR , 1986 were regarded as subspecies of Cabaniszaunkigs. Today C. m. roberti and C. m. vanrossemi as synonyms for Cabanis wren or the celedon wren and the Panama wren as an independent species. The status of another potential subspecies from Belize has not yet been clarified.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the zeledon wren was in 1878 by Robert Ridgway under the scientific name Thryophilus zeledoni . The type specimen was collected by José Castulo Zeledón (1846–1923) on the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica. In 2006, Nigel Ian Mann , Frederick Keith Barker , Jefferson Alden Graves , Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann and Peter James Bramwell Slater introduced the genus Cantorchilus, which is new to science . This name is derived from "cantus" for "song" and "orkhilos ορχιλος " for "wren". The species name »zeledoni« is dedicated to its collector.

literature

James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Superciliated Wren (Cantorchilus superciliaris) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Nigel Ian Mann, Frederick Keith Barker, Jefferson Alden Graves, Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann, Peter James Bramwell Slater: Molecular data delineate four genera of "Thryothorus" wrens . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 40 , no. 3 , September 1, 2006, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.04.014 (2006).
Robert Ridgway: Description of two new species of birds from Costa Rica, and notes on other rare species from that country . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 3 , 1878, p. 252-255 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Jacob R. Saucier, César Sánchez, Matthew David Carling: Patterns of genetic and morphological divergence reveal a species complex in the Plain Wren (Cantorchilus modestus) . In: The Auk . tape 132 , no. 4 , October 2015, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1642 / AUK-15-8.1 .

Web links

Commons : Zeledon Wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Cantorchilus zeledoni inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Canebrake Wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ) . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
Videos, photos and sound recordings of Canebrake Wren (Cantorchilus zeledoni) in the Internet Bird Collection
Celedon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni ) at Avibase; accessed on April 26, 2020.
Cantorchilus zeledoni in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved April 26, 2020.
xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Zeledon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni )
Canebrake Wren (Cantorchilus zeledoni) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved April 26, 2020 (English).

Individual evidence

↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
^ ^A ^b ^c Robert Ridgway, pp. 252-253.
↑ Jacob R. Saucier et al. a. (2015), pp. 750-759.
↑ ^a ^b Nigel Ian Mann u. a., p. 758.

Remarks

↑ Mann u. a. categorized the long-billed wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris ( Vieillot , 1819)) into the new genus.

[1] IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers

[kroodsma-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.

[ridgeway252-3] A ^b ^c Robert Ridgway, pp. 252-253.

[saucier750f-4] Jacob R. Saucier et al. a. (2015), pp. 750-759.

[mann758-5] Nigel Ian Mann u. a., p. 758.

[6] Mann u. a. categorized the long-billed wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris ( Vieillot , 1819)) into the new genus.