Cabeço da Arruda
Coordinates: 39 ° 6 ′ 39 ″ N , 8 ° 39 ′ 48.9 ″ W.
The Cabeço da Arruda necropolis is located in the Muge Valley, about 15 kilometers (as the crow flies) south of Santarem , in the Alentejo in Portugal .
The finding is divided into three find complexes.
Cabeço da Arruda 1
The structure examined in 1933 is a U-shaped cavity dug into the slope of 2.8 × 2.3 m (approx. 6 m²), without any signs of structural completion, as a result of the discoveries made there, including numerous slate idols and the remains of 41 people, is of interest. Possibly it is about the dumping of evacuations from the megalithic complex only 15 m away (grave 2).
The finds
- Rock objects and fragments ( axes or hoes ) made of diorite and fibrolite .
- Idols made of limestone and sandstone , including half-cylinders made of marble and sandstone (as a plate) decorated with depressions .
- 11 slates of slate engraved geometrically or with herringbone, wolf tooth or zigzag ornaments.
- shattered pottery
- Bone objects , including an idol, 3 rabbit sculptures etc.
- 22 different colored arrowheads made of flint , microliths , drills, blades etc.
- Jewelry in the form of pendants (made of callaïs and pearls from amphibolite , gagat , limestone and slate )
- pierced teeth of boar (5), fox (3) and dog (18)
Cabeço da Arruda 2
Remains of the round chamber with a diameter of approx. 2.5 m and the 4.5 m long corridor of a rock dome grave ( Tholos )
The finds
All finds were made under a fallen rock slab (part of the former ceiling); the free area was looted.
- Rock objects and fragments (hatchets and hoes) made of blue amphibolite
- Idols made of limestone and sandstone , including undecorated half cylinders and the fragments of a báculos , a lunula and a horn-like object adorned with grooves, the interpretation of which is open.
- Ceramic in the form of undecorated cups, decorated Kümpfen and shells and the broken pieces of small and large cups and bowls of the Beaker culture and a bell cup .
- Bone objects as fragments, including pendants, the remains of a decorated box, idols, needles, etc.
- Three arrowheads and fragments of a different kind made of flint of different colors , retouched blades, etc.
Cabeço da Arruda 3
About 100 m from grave 2. Only human bones, a skeleton and a polished stone ax were found in the place that was only explored through a search trench .
literature
- Mary Jackes, Christopher Meikeljohn: Building a method for the study of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Portugal . In: Documenta Praehistorica . tape XXXI , 2002, p. 89–111 ( full text [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
- Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, Leonel Trindade: Objectos da necrópole do Cabeço da Arruda (Torres Vedras). In: Zephyrus 5, 1954, pp. 29-35.
- Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, Leonel Trindade: La nécropole de "Cabeço da Arruda" (T. Vedras). In: “Congresos Internacionales de Ciencias Prehistoricas y Protohistoricas”, Actas de la IV Sesion en Madrid 1954, Zaragoza 1956, pp. 503-520.
- Leonel Trindade, Octávio da Veiga Ferreira: "A necrópole do Cabeço da Arruda (Torres Vedras)". In: “Anais da Faculdade de Ciências do Porto” 38, 1956, pp. 1-24 (+ Est. I-XII).
- G. Leisner & V. Leisner: The megalithic tombs of the Iberian Peninsula: The West. In: Madrid Researches 1.1 1956