Candida tropicalis

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Candida tropicalis
Candida tropicalis (stained scanning electron micrograph)

Candida tropicalis (stained scanning electron micrograph)

Systematics
Subdivision : Saccharomycotina
Class : Saccharomycetes
Order : Real yeast (Saccharomycetales)
incertae sedis
Genre : Candida
Type : Candida tropicalis
Scientific name
Candida tropicalis
( Castell. ) Berkhout

Candida tropicalis is an asexual diploid pathogenic Candida strain that causes approximately 10% of recorded systemic fungal infections. It was also found ubiquitously in the environmental insulation of faeces, soil, shrimp, kefir, soil, water, wine, fish, cocoa, fruits and berries, jam and yoghurt.

description

Colonies grown on Sabouraud agar are white to off-white, smooth, glabrous, or slightly wrinkled, and yeast-like in appearance. The edge of the colony is often surrounded by mycelium. The cells are spherical to subspherical similar to baker's yeast and are 3.0-5.5 × 4.0-9.0 µm in size. Pseudomycelium is abundant on RAT (rice-agar-tween), which looks tree-like and carries single or short chains or clusters of blastospores.

Genetic engineering

Similar to many other Candida strains a corresponding CUG codon in C. tropicalis a serine -residue instead of universal leucine . The exact genome size and chromosome number of C. tropicalis are unknown, but it is estimated that the genome is 15 MBp in size, organized into five or six chromosomes. The number of protein genes is 6254. Protein export was also researched. C. tropicalis 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 3 is part of a multifunctional type 2 enzyme. The KEGG genome has been published online, as has the protein structures.

Clinical significance

Candida tropicalis is a leading cause of sepsis and common candidiasis , especially in patients with lymphoma , leukemia, and diabetes . Symptoms are sepsis , urinary tract infections, pulmonary manifestations, skin and nail mycoses and sinusitis . Along with C. albicans, C. tropicalis is the second most common medical Candida strain with increasing relevance as a pathogen of systemic mycoses. Sucrose negative variants of C. tropicalis were also increasingly found in cases of candidiasis . It occurs primarily in immunocompromised patients with often higher virulence than Candida albicans and is responsible for about 30% of the fungal infections in patients with malignant haematological diseases.

diagnosis

The following are available for diagnosis:

  • Cultures with accompanying fungal antibiogram
  • IG -A
  • Fine longitudinal structures and distortions in the nail indicate nail bed infection
  • PCR

Samples from blood, urine, sputum, vaginal swabs, nails, bronchial lavages and sinus fluid and stool are used for testing.

treatment

Effective antifungal drugs are fluconazole , voriconazole , caspofungin and anidulafungin as well as the over-the-counter nystatin and, from natural medicine, cineole (eucalyptus oil). Due to its often higher virulence than Candida albicans , C. tropicalis has gained clinical importance, especially in debilitated patients. The high resistance to drugs has already led to therapy failure and resistance in the case of nystatin (Ahearn et al. 1984).

credentials

  1. ↑ Candida species (except C. albicans) Candida species
  2. ↑ Candida tropicalis - Pathogenic hemiascomycete yeast used in industry and sequenced for a comparative genomics study Pathogenic hemiascomycete yeast
  3. ↑ Candida tropicalis ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Candida tropicalis Mycology online C. tropicalis  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au
  4. ↑ G. Butler, MD Rasmussen, inter alia: Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes. In: Nature. Volume 459, number 7247, June 2009, pp. 657-662, doi: 10.1038 / nature08064 , PMID 19465905 , PMC 2834264 (free full text).
  5. ^ Protein export - Candida tropicalis
  6. ↑ hydratase
  7. ↑ MK Koski, AM Haapalainen, JK Hiltunen, T. Glumoff: Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 domain of Candida tropicalis peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2. In: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography. Volume 59, Pt 7 July 2003, pp. 1302-1305. PMID 12832794 .
  8. ↑ Candida tropicalis, Candida tropicalis MYA-3404
  9. ↑ Candida tropicalis: CTRG_05871 ( Memento of March 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Candida Gene Order Browser
  11. ↑ Candida species (except C. albicans)
  12. ^ WG Merz et al.: Increased incidence of fungemia caused by Candida crusei. In: J Clin Micro. 24, 1986, p. 581.
  13. ↑ T. Kashimoto, H. Kitagawa, H. Kachi: Candida Tropicalis Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Discitis: A Case Report and Discussion on the Diagnosis and Treatment. (Abstract)
  14. ↑ Candida-proof diagnosis
  15. ↑ Oral candidiasis. ( Memento from March 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) → Diagnostics
  16. ↑ "Identification of Candida species and strains through the detection of polymorphic DNA regions in the PCR" dissertation
  17. ↑ Yeasts / Blastomycetes ( Memento from September 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ What is left of the antibiotic therapy…. - opportunistic fungal infections caused by Candida ( Memento from April 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) antibiotic monitor
  19. ↑ New standards for the therapy of fungal infections
  20. ↑ Entry on anidulafungin in Pharmawiki , accessed on January 28, 2017.
  21. ↑ Entry on nystatin in the DrugBank of the University of Alberta , accessed January 28, 2017.

literature

  • B. Chattopadhyay: Candida tropicalis meningitis: a case report. In: The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 95, 1981, pp. 1149-1151.
  • NL Dawson, HA Robles, S. Alvarez: Recurrent Candida tropicalis meningitis. In: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 107, 2005, pp. 243-245.
  • SR Ahuja, S. Karande, MV Kulkarni, U. Tendolkar: Candida tropicalis meningitis in a young infant. In: Indian J Pediat. 70, 2003, pp. 925-927.
  • DW Chadwick, E. Hartley, M. Mackinnon: Candida tropicalis meningitis. In: Arch Neurol. 37, 1980, pp. 175-176.
  • E. Hernig, M. Djaldetti, J. Pinkhas, A. Vries: Candida tropicalis meningitis in Hodking's disease. In: JAMA. 119, 1967, pp. 214-215.
  • Candidiasis of the skin. ( Memento from March 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  • Candida tropicalis and Candida Albicans fungemia in children with leukemitis. In: Cancer. 68, 1991, p. 594.
  • G. Butler et al .: Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes. In: Journal Nature. 459, 2009, pp. 657-662.

Web links

Commons : Candida tropicalis  - Collection of images, videos and audio files