Capsicum chacoense
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Capsicum chacoense |
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Capsicum chacoense is a plant type from the genus peppers ( Capsicum ) in the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). The species occurs in southern Bolivia , Paraguay and northern and central Argentina .
description
Capsicum chacoense is a 0.4 to 0.8 m high, strongly branched shrub from the base . Foliage leaves , young twigs, flower stalks and parts of the outside of the calyx are sparsely hairy with multicellular, whitish trichomes that can only be seen on closer inspection . The protruding branches are angular and have a diameter of 0.7 cm at the base, the upper branches are only 0.15 cm thick. The leaves are single, the leaf blade is ovate-pointed, 2.5 to 5 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide. The base is slightly sloping down on the petiole.
The flowers stand individually on 5 to 10 mm long, grooved pedicels that are slightly curved at the tip. The calyx is 1.2 to 1.6 mm long and has ten veins that end in calyx teeth. Five of the calyx teeth are larger and 0.5 to 1.5 mm long and thus almost reach the end of the corolla tube . The remaining five calyx teeth stand between the larger ones and are barely visible or up to 0.5 mm long. The white, unmarked crown is 4 to 5 mm long. The crown lobes are hood-shaped, 1.6 to 2.4 mm long and 1.7 to 2.3 mm wide, they are elongated or about as wide as long, the tip and the edge are finely haired. The corolla tube is just as long or slightly longer than the corolla lobes.
The stamens have grown together near the base and form a ring there. On the edge of this ring there is a tooth-like appendage on both sides of each filament. The stamens are about 0.3 mm long. The anthers are yellowish, 1.2 to 1.5 mm long, after 2/3 to 3/4 of the length they reach the edge of the corolla tube. The ovary is greenish, indented and 1.5 to 2 mm long and 1.2 to 1.6 mm wide. The stylus has a length of about 2.6 mm. The scar , which often protrudes beyond the crown, is thickened.
The fruits are elongated berries that are slightly conical, but always have a blunt tip. They reach a length of 8 to 14 mm and a width of 5 to 7 mm at the base. Most of the fruits are hot , but some collections report that the fruits are not hot . The flower stalks have enlarged on the fruit to a length of 14 to 18 mm. The fruits contain yellowish colored seeds .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
The species occurs in southern Bolivia , Paraguay and northern and central Argentina .
Systematics
Within the genus Capsicum , the species belongs to the group with a chromosome number of 2n = 24. Investigations of the karyotype place the kind of close to Capsicum annuum , Capsicum frutescens , Capsicum chinense and Capsicum galapagoense . These species are similar in that they are plain white or cream-colored, star-shaped corollas and yellowish-colored seeds, and often red-colored fruits. Molecular genetic studies of the chloroplast DNA, however, place the species close to the species Capsicum campylopodium from the “2n = 26” group. Both suggest that the species is in a fairly basal position within the genus.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Capsicum chaacoense at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Gláucia Salles Cortopassi Buso and others: Análise de Seqüências de DNA Cloroplástico de Espécies do Gênero Capsicum. ( Memento of May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 456 kB). In: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Number 37 December 2002.
literature
- Armando Hunziker: Estudios sobre Solanaceae I. Sinopsis de las especies silvestres de Capsicum de Argentina y Paraguay. In: Darwiniana. Volume 9, Issue 2, 1949/50, pp. 225-247.
- Eduardo A. Moscone et al: The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): A cytogenic Perspective. In: DM Spooner et al. (Ed.): Solanaceae VI: Genomics Meets Biodiversity. (= ISHS Acta Horticulturae. 745). 2007, ISBN 978-90-6605-427-1 , pp. 137-169.
