Capsicum galapagoense
| Capsicum galapagoense | ||||||||||||
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Capsicum galapagoense , illustration |
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| Capsicum galapagoense | ||||||||||||
| Hunz. |
Capsicum galapagoense is a plant type from the genus peppers ( Capsicum ) in the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands .
description
Capsicum galapagoense is a herbaceous or shrub growing plant that grows 1 to 4 m high . The entire plant is densely tomentose. The leaves have 5 to 20 mm long, strong petioles and a broadly elliptical-ovate, 10 to 35 (rarely up to 40) mm long and 6 to 20 mm wide leaf blade . The leaves are slightly pointed or slightly pointed towards the front, the base of the leaves is rounded to broadly wedge-shaped.
The flowers stand individually on pedicels that are about as long as the petioles of the surrounding leaves. The calyx is bell-shaped, 2.3 to 2.6 mm long and about as wide. It can be covered with short, rounded teeth up to 0.5 mm long, which are 1 to 1.5 mm wide and thickly hairy at the base. The crown is pure white, star-shaped, becomes 5 to 6 mm long and measures 8 to 10 mm in diameter. The corolla lobes are pointed and stand upright. The tips and the upper edge are fine and densely covered with short, downy-haired to glandular trichomes . The whitish anthers are shorter than the stamens .
The fruits are spherical or slightly flattened, orange-red colored berries containing yellowish, shiny seeds .
Occurrence
The species is endemic to the Galápagos Islands and grows in moist locations in the shade of trees or bushes.
Systematics
Within the genus Capsicum , the species belongs to the group with a chromosome number of 2n = 24. Investigations of the karyotype place the kind of close to Capsicum annuum , Capsicum frutescens , Capsicum chinense and Capsicum chacoense . These species are similar in that they are plain white or cream-colored, star-shaped corollas and yellowish-colored seeds, and often red-colored fruits.
Botanical history
The species was first described in 1911 by Alban Stewart as Brachistus pubescens . The first description was based on three collections from two different locations that Steward made during an expedition organized by the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands on September 24, 1905 and September 25, 1906. The first two collections are from Isabela Island , the third collection from San Salvador .
The assignment to the genus Capsicum was later recognized by Charles B. Heiser and Paul G. Smith as well as by Armando Hunziker . Since a species was already described under the name Capsicum pubescens , a new name had to be chosen when classifying it in the genus. Hunziker published the species as Capsicum galapagoense in 1956 , Heiser and Smith in 1958 as Capsicum galapagense . Hunziker's older name has preference. Since Stewart stated several collected specimens in the first description and did not determine a holotype , in 2011 Gloria E. Barboza determined the herbarium record of the second specimen originating from Isabela as a lectotype , which was kept in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences . This is the best preserved specimen in the collection and contains both a flower and several flower buds and fruits.
proof
literature
- Ira L. Wiggins, Duncan M. Porter: Flora of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford CA 1971, ISBN 0-8047-0732-4 .
- Charles B. Heiser Jr., Paul G. Smith: New Species of Capsicum from South America. In: Brittonia. Vol. 10, No. 4, 1958, pp. 194-201, doi : 10.2307 / 2804950 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Eduardo A. Moscone et al.: The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): A cytogenic Perspective. In: DM Spooner et al. (Ed.): Solanaceae VI: Genomics Meets Biodiversity. (= ISHS Acta Horticulturae 745). 2007, ISBN 978-90-6605-427-1 , pp. 137-169.
- ^ Alban Stewart: A Botanical Survey of the Galapagos Islands. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 4th Series, Volume 1, Number 2, January 20, 1911, pp. 7-289. (on-line)
- ^ Gloria E. Barboza: Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). In: PhytoKeys. Volume 2, 2011, pp. 23-39. doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.2.730
