Capsicum longidentatum
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| Capsicum longidentatum | ||||||||||||
| Agra & Barboza |
Capsicum longidentatum is a species from the genus Paprika ( Capsicum ) inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae)described in 2011. The species grows endemically in the caatinga in northeastern Brazil .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Capsicum longidentatum is a slender or semi-climbing shrub 1.5 to 4.0 meters in height. The twigs are only slightly branched, grayish, brittle and striped. Old branches are hairless, while younger ones are densely hairy with branched trichomes . The leaves are in pairs or individually. The leaf blade is two to 2.5 times as long as it is wide and (rarely only 3) 3.5 to 5.4 inches long and 1.5 to 2.5 inches wide. Its shape is ovoid, it is membranous, slightly discolored and densely hairy with branched trichomes on both sides (but especially on the underside). The leaves are pointed towards the front, tapering to a short point at the base or cut off and uneven. The leaf stalks are (rarely only 0.3) 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters long.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are in clusters of two to four flowers (rarely also individually). The flower stalks are pendulous at flowering time, but not bent to the knee. They are 0.8 to 2.1 cm long (rarely only 0.65) and are hairy with branched trichomes. The buds are elliptical and whitish green.
The calyx is green and densely hairy with branched trichomes. The corolla tube is 2 to 5 millimeters long and has five conspicuous, linear teeth of almost the same length, which (rarely only 4.5) are 5.0 to 8.5 millimeters long. The crown is star-shaped, lobed almost to the middle and 6.0 to 7.2 millimeters long. The outside is pure white, the inside white with two pale yellow or greenish-yellow dots and small glandular trichomes located at the base of each corolla lobe and in the corolla throat. With about 3.3 to 3.6 (rarely up to 4.0) millimeters, the corolla lobes are about as long as the corolla tube. They are 2.0 to 2.5 millimeters wide and are broadly triangular with a cap-shaped tip. The tip and the rolled up edges of the corolla lobes are densely hairy.
The stamens are greenish-white and about 1.25 (rarely up to 2.0) millimeters long. The anthers are yellowish-cream-colored and about 2.0 to 2.5 millimeters long. The stamen corolla tube is about 1.5 millimeters long. The ovary is greenish white, egg-shaped and about two millimeters long and 1.3 millimeters wide. The stylus is greenish-white, 3.5 to 3.75 millimeters long and widens towards the front. The scar is green and somewhat disc-shaped.
The flowering period is between December and April.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits ripen between January and April. They are spherical berries that are slightly flattened at the top. They are about 7.5 to 9.5 millimeters long and 7.0 to 8.5 millimeters wide. They are initially green, but turn yellowish-green as they mature. The flower stalks are also pendulous to maturity. The calyx is permanent on the fruit. The pericarp has a sweet taste and does not contain stone cells . Each fruit contains five to 15 (rarely three to 17) brownish-dark yellow colored seeds . They are 3.0 to 3.7 millimeters long and 2.5 to 2.8 millimeters wide. The seed wall is thick, finely pitted and provided with spiky outgrowths. The pits are deeper at the edge of the seed than in the middle and have curved, thick cell walls.
Chromosome number
The base chromosome number is x = 12.
Distribution and locations
Capsicum longidentatum is endemic to the Brazilian states of Bahia and Pernambuco . It grows there on granite rock slopes with shrubby, open and dry caatinga vegetation and in gallery forests along small rivers.
Botanical history
The species was in 2011 by María Agra and Gloria Barboza , means of a copy, which was collected in April 2006 first described . The epithet longidentatum refers to the showy calyx teeth, which are the longest observed within the genus Capsicum .
Systematics
Phylogenetic investigations showed that the species is relatively isolated within the genus Capsicum . A relationship to Capsicum caatingae and Capsicum parvifolium , initially suspected due to the color of the fruits and the distribution, could not be confirmed.
proof
- Gloria E. Barboza et al: New Endemic Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian Caatinga: Comparison with the Re-circumscribed C. parvifolium . In: Systematic Botany , Volume 36, Issue 3, 2011. Pages 768-781.
- Carolina Carrizo García et al .: Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 118, 2016. Pages 35-51. doi: 10.1093 / aob / mcw079 .