Capsicum caatingae
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| Barboza & Agra |
Capsicum caatingae is a species from the genus Paprika ( Capsicum ) inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae)described in 2011. The species grows endemically in the caatinga in northeastern Brazil .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Capsicum caatingae is a shrub or small tree that grows to a height of 2.0 to 3.5 meters. The stem axis is not very branched, gray, slender, climbing and streaky. The older branches are hairless, on young branches a hairiness of simple, forward-facing trichomes can be found, occasionally tiny, glandular trichomes also appear. The leaves are usually single, rarely in pairs. The leaf blade is 2.0 to 2.5 times as long as it is wide and reaches lengths of 3.0 to 4.9 (rarely up to 6.0) centimeters and a width of 1.3 to 2.0 (rarely up to 2, 4) centimeters. Their shape is ovate to elliptical, they can be membranous or paper-like. The underside of the leaf is dark green, while the upper side is light green. Both sides are hairy with simple as well as with small, glandular trichomes, the hairiness is particularly strong along the leaf veins on the underside of the leaf. The leaf margin is entire, the leaf blade is slightly pointed towards the front, the base is uneven and tapering to a short point. The leaf stalks are (rarely only 0.5) 0.7 to 2.0 inches long and hairy.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are in clusters of five to 13 (rarely up to 18) flowers. The flower stalks are pendulous at flowering time, but not bent to the knee. They become 0.7 to 2.1 (rarely up to 2.8) centimeters long and are balding or finely haired with forward-facing trichomes. The buds are elliptical, white or greenish white.
The cup-shaped calyx is 1.2 to 1.7 (rarely up to 2.0) millimeters long, is not covered with teeth, but has short, single-row, non-glandular, warty trichomes. The crown is star-shaped and lobed almost up to half the radius. It becomes 4.5 to 6.0 (rarely up to 8.0) millimeters long. The corolla lobes are bright purple in color, but have a narrow white band on the edge. The base is greenish-white in color. The inside of the crown is covered at the base of the crown lobes and the crown throat with small, glandular trichomes with a single-celled head and two-celled base. The corolla lobes are longer than the corolla tube, are 2.9 to 3.5 millimeters long and 1.7 to 2.4 millimeters wide. They are broadly triangular, the tip is cap-shaped. Two-celled, simple trichomes sit at the tip and the curled edges.
The stamens are greenish white and (rarely 0.8) 1.1 to 1.75 millimeters long. The anthers are yellowish cream-colored, their length is 1.4 to 2.1 millimeters. The tissue called "stapet" that connects the base of the stamens to the crown is about 2; mm long. The ovary is pale green, almost spherical, and measures 1.1 to 1.4 centimeters in diameter. The stylus is also pale green, spreads towards the tip and is (rarely only 4.3) 4.6 to 4.8 mm long. It has a greenish yellow, slightly bilobed scar .
The flowering period extends from December to June, some specimens were also found in flower in September.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits ripen from February to June. They are spherical berries that are slightly flattened at the top and measure about 7 to 11 millimeters in diameter. They are initially green in color, but turn yellow as they mature. The flower stalks are also pendulous to maturity. The calyx is permanent on the fruit and flattened into a disc shape. Its edge is entire or can be slightly torn. The pericarp has a pungent taste and does not contain stone cells . Eleven to 17 seeds are formed per fruit (rarely only nine) . These are pale yellow and are 3.2 to 3.7 millimeters long and 2.2 to 2.8 millimeters wide. The seed wall is thick, finely pitted and provided with spiky outgrowths. The pits are deeper at the edge of the seed than in the middle and have curved, thick cell walls.
Chromosome number
The base chromosome number is x = 12.
Distribution and locations
The species grows endemically in the northeastern states of Brazil , more precisely in Bahia , Pernambuco and the northern part of Minas Gerais at altitudes between 100 and 775 meters in the woody, shrubby, open Caatinga . It grows there between shrubs ( Jatropha mollissima , Varronia leucocehala , various species of the genus Croton ), cacti and bromeliads , some trees (including Spondias tuberosa and Ziziphus joazeiro ) and some mimosa species ( Mimosa sp. ). The species can usually be found on the edge of the caatinga forests and along granite and gneiss outcrops .
Botanical history
The species was in 2011 by Gloria Barboza and María Agra , means of a copy, which was collected in June 1980 first described . The epithet caatingae refers to the range of the species.
Systematics
Within the genus Capsicum , Capsicum caatingae is classified together with Capsicum parvifolium in a caatinga clade on the basis of phylogenetic studies . Both species are native to the Caatinga region, while Capsicum parvifolium is also found in northern Venezuela and Colombia. Both species have in common the fruits that are green to golden yellow when ripe; they differ in the shape of the inflorescences, the color of the seeds and the shape of the calyx. The species Capsicum longidentatum , which also occurs in the Caatinga region and has a similar fruit color, is, however, probably not closely related to the two species.
proof
- Gloria E. Barboza et al: New Endemic Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian Caatinga: Comparison with the Re-circumscribed C. parvifolium . In: Systematic Botany , Volume 36, Issue 3, 2011. Pages 768-781.
- Carolina Carrizo García et al .: Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 118, 2016. Pages 35-51. doi: 10.1093 / aob / mcw079 .