Croton (genus)

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Croton
Croton eluteria, illustration

Croton eluteria , illustration

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Subfamily : Crotonoideae
Tribe : Crotoneae
Genre : Croton
Scientific name
Croton
L.

Croton is a genus of plants withinthe milkweed family (Euphorbiaceae). The approximately 1300 species are mainly found in the tropics .

description

Glandular leaf of Croton ciliatoglandulifer
Illustration of Croton eluteria
Illustration of Croton tiglium

Appearance and leaves

The genus Croton is extremely rich in shape. There are herbaceous plants as well as shrubs and trees in it . Depending on the species, white or colored (reddish) milky juice is plentiful or hardly available. Characteristic is the existence of a more or less dense hair of star or shield-shaped hairs ( indument ). The leaf margin and the veins of the simple leaves can be of very different shapes. The leaves always have two glands, at least at the base of the leaf blade.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

There are monoecious ( monoecious ) and dioecious ( dioecious ) separate-sex species. The flowers are always unisexual. The flowers are terminal or axillary rispigen inflorescences , said female flowers are at the base of panicles, the male in the upper part. Only rarely are the flowers mixed in the middle part. The male flowers stand in twos or threes over small bracts . The inflorescence consists of five sepals and five petals that are fused at the base . Stamens exist at least five, but most species are noticeable by the large number of their stamens, of which there are often 100 or more. The five sepals are also fused at the base of the female flowers. Most species lack petals. Typical of the Croton species are the multiple forked styles .

Tripartite capsule fruits are formed.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Croton was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum 2, p. 1004.

There are a number of synonyms for Croton L .: Agelandra Engl. & Pax orth. Var., Aldinia Raf. , Angelandra Endl. , Anisepta Raf. , Anisophyllum Boivin ex Baill. nom. inval., Argyra Noronha ex Baill. , Argyrodendron Klotzsch , Aroton Neck. , Astrogynes Benth. , Aubertia Chapel. ex Baill. , Banalia Raf. , Barhamia Klotzsch , Brachystachys Klotzsch , Brunsvia Neck. , Calypteriopetalon Hassk. , Calyptriopetalum Hassk. ex Müll.Arg. , Cascarilla Adans. , Centrandra H. Karst. , Cieca Adans. nom. rej ., Cinogasum Neck. , Cleodora Klotzsch , Codonocalyx Klotzsch ex Baill. , Comatocroton H. Karst. , Crotonanthus Klotzsch ex Schltdl. , Crotonopsis Michx. , Cubacroton Alain , Cyclostigma Klotzsch nom. illeg., Decarinium Raf. , Drepadenium Raf. , Elutheria Steud. , Engelmannia Klotzsch nom. illeg., Eremocarpus Benth. , Eutropia Klotzsch , Friesia Spreng. , Furcaria Boivin ex Baill. , Geiseleria Klotzsch , Gynamblosis Torr. , Halecus Rumph. ex Raf. , Heptallon Raf. , Hendecandra Eschsch. , Heptanis Raf. , Heterochlamys Turcz. , Heterocroton S. Moore , Julocroton Mart. nom. cons., Klotzschiphytum Baill. , Kurkas Raf. , Lascadium Raf. , Lasiogyne Klotzsch , Leontia Rchb. , Leptemon Raf. , Leucadenia Klotzsch ex Baill. , Luntia Neck. ex Raf. , Macrocroton Klotzsch , Medea Klotzsch , Merleta Raf. , Moacroton Croizat , Monguia Chapel. ex Baill. , Myriogomphus Didr. , Ocalia Klotzsch , Oxydectes L. ex Kuntze , Palanostigma Mart. ex Klotzsch , Penteca Raf. , Pilinophytum Klotzsch , Piscaria Piper , Pleopadium Raf. , Podostachys Klotzsch , Saipania Hosok. , Schousboea Willd. , Schradera Willd. , Semilta Raf. , Tiglium Klotzsch , Tridesmis Lour. , Triplandra Raf. , Vandera Raf. , Timandra Klotzsch .

The genus Croton belongs to the tribe Crotoneae in the subfamily Crotonoideae within the family of Euphorbiaceae .

The approximately 1300 Croton species of the genus are distributed almost worldwide in the tropics . A few species are also found in areas with a temperate climate; Examples of this are the North American species Croton alabamensis in the US states of Alabama , Tennessee and Texas and Croton californicus in California , Arizona and Baja California in Mexico . There are around 23 species in China, 15 of them only there.

With up to 1300 species, the genus Croton is one of the most species-rich in the plant kingdom.

Internal system

The genus Croton is divided into the following sections and subsections:

Sections and subsections of the genus Croton
  • Section Adenophyllum Griseb.
  • Section Anadenocroton G.L.Webster
  • Section Andrichnia Baill.
  • Section Anisophyllum Baill.
  • Section Argyrocroton (Garbage. Arg.) GLWebster
  • Section Argyroglossum Baill.
  • Section Astraea (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Astraeopsis Baill.
  • Section Barhamia (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Cascarilla Griseb section .
  • Section Cleodora (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Codonocalyx Klotzsch ex Baill.
  • Section Corylocroton G.L.Webster
  • Section Croton
  • Section Crotonopsis (Michx.) GLWebster
  • Section Cyclostigma Griseb.
    • Subsection Cyclostigma (Griseb.) Garbage. Arg.
    • Subsection Sampatik G.L.Webster
    • Subsection Palanostigma Mart. Ex Baill.
  • Decalobium garbage section . Arg.
  • Decapetalon garbage section . Arg.
  • Drepadenium Section (Raf.) Garbage. Arg.
  • Section Eluteria Griseb.
  • Section Eremocarpus (Benth.) GLWebster
  • Section Eutropia (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Furcaria Boivin ex Baill.
  • Section Geiseleria (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Gynamblosis (Torr.) A. Gray
  • Section Julocroton (Mart.) GLWebster
  • Section of Klotzschiphytum (Baill.) Baill.
  • Section Lamprocroton (garbage. Arg.) Pax
  • Section Lasiogyne (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Luntia (Raf.) GLWebster
    • Subsection Cuneati G.L.Webster
    • Subsection Matourenses G.L.Webster
  • Section Medea (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Micranthis Baill.
  • Section Monguia Baill.
  • Section Ocalia (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Octolobium Chodat & Hassl.
  • Section Pilinophyton (Klotzsch) A. Gray
  • Section Podostachys (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Quadrilobus Garbage. Arg.
  • Section Tiglium (Klotzsch) Baill.
  • Section Velamea Baill.

species

Stalked leaves of Croton alabamensis
Croton guatemalensis
Croton hancei
Croton laevigatus
Croton linearis
Stalked leaves and fruits of Croton magdalenensis
Foliage leaves and fruits of Croton magdalenensis
Deciduous leaves and inflorescence with flowers in detail of Croton megalocarpus
Stalked leaves and flowers of Croton monanthogynus
Stalked leaves of Croton persimilis
Foliage leaves and inflorescences with flower buds of Croton phebalioides
Flowers of Croton pullei
Habitus, leaves and flowers of Croton setigerus
Foliage leaves and inflorescences of Croton solanaceus
Branch with leaves, stipules and inflorescence of Croton sylvaticus
Stalked leaves and inflorescences of Croton tetradenius

There are up to 1300 species in the genus Croton :

See also

Croton oil , croton (plant)

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Bingtao Li, Hans-Joachim (Hajo) Esser Croton , p. 258 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723 -73-3 .
  2. ^ Croton at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 23, 2015.
  3. ^ A b Croton in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc m d me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq qr qs qt qu qv qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa sb sc sd se sf sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq sr ss st su sv sw sx sy sz ta tb tc td te tf tg th ti tj tk tl tm tn to tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx ty tz ua ub uc ud ue uf ug uh ui uj uk ul um un uo up uq ur us ut uu uv uw ux uy uz va vb vc vd ve vf vg vh vi vj vk vl vm vn vo vp vq vr vs vt vu vv vw vx vy vz wa wb wc wd we wf wg wh wi wj wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe xf xg xh xi xj xk xl xm xn xo xp xq xr xs xt xu xv xw xx xy xz ya yb yc yd ye yf yg yh yi yj yk yl ym yn yo yp yq yr ys yt yu yv yw yx Ra faël Govaerts (Ed.): Croton. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  5. ^ R. Riina et al .: Molecular phylogenetics of the dragon's blood Croton section Cyclostigma (Euphorbiaceae): a polyphyletic assemblage unraveled. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 34, 2009, pp. 360-374.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Croton. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv Croton at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn Croton at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Croton bei Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Croton at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  11. ↑ a b c d Croton at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  12. ↑ a b c d Species list for Croton in the Red List of South African Plants

Web links

Commons : Croton  - collection of images, videos and audio files