Carl Brand

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Carl Brand (1942)

Carl Valentin Brand (born August 21, 1893 in Rothenbuch ; † April 2, 1945 in Lohr am Main ) was a German general practitioner and was a victim of National Socialism . When he tried to hand over the Lower Franconian town of Lohr am Main to the US troops without a fight in the last days of World War II , he was shot dead.

Life

Carl (Karl) Brand was born as the last of six children to the country doctor Carl (Karl) Ludwig August Brand from Leutershausen and his wife Maria Mayer from Marktschorgast (* 1863). His brother was the literary historian, writer and war correspondent Guido Karl . Brand first attended elementary school in Rothenbuch, the grammar schools in Aschaffenburg and Frankfurt am Main and, from 1909 to 1913, the Maximiliansgymnasium in Munich and then studied medicine at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . After the outbreak of the First World War he was drafted into military service and was slightly wounded as a member of the 2nd Regiment (Munich), 5th Company. On May 19, 1920 he married Alice Branz from Lindau . The couple moved to Brands Heimartort Rothenbuch, where he took over his father's country doctor practice.

In 1943 Brand was conscripted to the hospital in Lohr am Main. When the Allies approached , he wanted to achieve the surrender of the city to the Americans without a fight and thus prevent the senseless destruction of Lohr. He intended to meet the US troops with a white flag in hand. Rumor has it that his plan was reported; Then he was arrested by the Gestapo on April 2, 1945, shortly before the US Army marched into Lohr, and shot on the same day after a court martial .

Processing and commemoration

The process is one of the few cases in Lower Franconia in which a town was to be surrendered without a fight towards the end of the Second World War. All judgments by court courts in the time of National Socialism were set aside by the National Socialist Unjust Judgments Repeal Act in 1998, including the court court judgment against Brand. Carl Brand's plan and his execution by standing order were dealt with in several non-fiction books and studies on the time of National Socialism as well as worked out by a local history working group at the Lohr Adult Education Center in 1999 (see bibliography).

The then local court advisor in Lohr, Dr. Josef Koob, was sentenced on August 10, 1950 by the Würzburg Regional Court for negligent homicide to a prison term of one year and four months.

A memorial stone was erected in Lohr in 1979 to commemorate Carl Brand . In addition, a street was named after him in his birthplace and home town of Rothenbuch in 1980. A street was named in memory of Carl Brand in Lohr in 2008 in the new Schafhof-Ost building area there, after previous efforts by Lohr citizen Dietrich Kohl in 2005 and 2006 were unsuccessful.

Fonts

  • Carl Brand (father): Contribution to the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Med. Inaugurial Dissertation, Univ. Munich, Wolff & Son, Munich 1886.
  • Contributions to the etiology and statistics of industrial and commercial eye injuries (typescript), Med. Diss. From May 22, 1920, Munich 1920 [1922].
  • Experimental contribution to the question of ergot replacement. Medical dissertation (typescript / extract), Würzburg 1922.

literature

Web links

Commons : Carl Valentin Brand  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Annual report on the K. Maximilians-Gymnasium in Munich for the school year 1909/10 to 1912/13; run as Karl Brand; Father (still listed in the Munich address book 1918): Karl Brand, general practitioner in Munich, Adalbertstr. 90/0
  2. ↑ LMU Munich, SS 1918/19: stud. med .; in the army.
  3. ↑ a b c Verena von Wiczlinski: Church in ruins ?: War and collapse 1945 in the reporting by pastors of the diocese of Würzburg . Echter, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 978-3-429-02717-9 , pp. 40 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ^ Ulrich Wagner: History of the City of Würzburg . tape 3 . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 1373 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Karl Anderlohr: Bloodlust and excesses. Main-Post , March 27, 2008, accessed on August 8, 2010 .
  6. ↑ Ulrike Puvogel: memorials to the victims of National Socialism: a documentary I . Federal Agency for Political Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 978-3-89331-208-5 , p. 161 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ (tjm): Committee should name a street after Carl Brand. Main-Netz , March 26, 2008, accessed on August 8, 2010 .
  8. ↑ TOP 4 (...) Allocation of a street name ("Dr.-Carl-Brand-Straße"). ( PDF file; 400 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Invitation to the main administrative committee meeting of the city of Lohr on April 1, 2008. City of Lohr, pp. 8–10 , archived from the original on February 2, 2014 ; Retrieved August 8, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lohr.de
personal data
SURNAME Brand, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brand, Carl Valentin (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German general practitioners and Nazi victims
DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Rothenbuch
DATE OF DEATH April 2, 1945
Place of death Lohr am Main