Karl Josef Napoleon Balling
Karl Josef Napoleon Balling (also Karel or Carl Joseph Napoleon Balling ) (born April 21, 1805 in Gabrielahütten , Northern Bohemia, † March 17, 1868 in Prague ) was a Bohemian chemist and specialist in metallurgy. He was rector of the Polytechnic in Prague from 1866 to 1868 .
Life
Karl Balling was the third child of Michael and Anne Balling. As a graduate of the high school in Pilsen , Karl Josef Napoleon Balling studied chemistry at the Polytechnic in Prague from 1820 to 1823 and then continued his studies at the Charles University in Prague with an internship in the Zbirow ironworks near Pilsen in Bohemia under his father. Karl Josef Napoleon Balling was assistant for chemistry at the Polytechnic in Prague and in 1833 after the death of Prof. Steinmann his successor at the chair for chemistry there with lectures on sugar production, fermentation chemistry and metallurgy. On July 16, 1835 he was appointed professor for general chemistry and technical chemistry. In 1866 he became rector of the Polytechnic in Prague.
family tree
Balling's son Karl Albert Max Balling (1835-1896) was a professor of chemistry, testing and metallurgy at the Příbram mining academy in Bohemia.
Karl Josef Napoleon Balling's older brother Friedrich Balling (1803-1859) was the central director of iron processing industries in Krumlov. Her father Michael Balling (1776–1848) came from Franconia . In turn, he was the son of Johann Kaspar Balling, born on August 12, 1737 in Würzburg , died on September 17, 1805 as an engineer and surveyor in Würzburg. He was the son of the master carpenter and restaurateur Johann Kaspar Balling, born on August 12, 1705 in Selz an der Saale, died on December 8, 1768 in Würzburg, who gave Johann Christoph Balling, (* 1680, † August 4, 1748 in Selz ) to father.
Act
Balling was one of the founders of scientific fermentation chemistry and promoted the development of the sugar industry in Bohemia. In 1843 he invented the Balling saccharimeter named after him , a density spindle for determining the concentration of aqueous sugar solutions. He also introduced this saccharimeter to the brewing industry and also founded the so-called attenuation theory or saccharometric beer test in 1843 , which establishes a mathematical relationship between the alcohol content, the actual extract content and the concentration of the original wort of the beer. From 1849 to 1861 he was the managing director of the trade cooperative in Prague, member of the committee of the kk patriotic-economic society, member of the statistical trade commission in Bohemia and the medical commission of the Bohemian Lieutenancy. He was a promoter of commercial and agricultural exhibitions and head of the Austro-Hungarian department at the world exhibitions in London in 1851 and in Paris in 1855 .
In 1854 he received the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order , awards for science and art, and was a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna, holder of the Imperial and Royal Austrian large gold medal for science and arts and a member of the royal. Bohemian Society of Sciences in Prague.
Works (selection)
- About sulfuric acid and its applicability for technical purposes. In: Monthly of the Society of the National Museum in Bohemia. Vol. 2, August 1828, pp. 145–150 .
- About the production of lead sugar with wood acid on a large scale. In: Monthly of the Society of the National Museum in Bohemia. Vol. 2, October 1828, pp. 330-335 .
- The sacharometric beer tasting . In: Hessler (Hrsg.): Mittheilungen of the association for the encouragement of the industrialist in Bohemia . 1843, p. 263-278, 313-329, 355-370 and 387-395 .
- The graphic and tabular resolution of the sacharometric beer sample . 1843 (Schoellhorn 477).
- The malt, potato and cornstarch brewery . JG Calve, Prague 1844 (Schoellhorn 476).
- The grain stone (zeilithoid) and its application for beer production by cold means . 1845 (Schoellhorn 480).
- The fermentation chemistry . 3 volumes. F. Tempsky, Prague 1845 (volume 1 digitized , volume 2 digitalized , volume 3 digitalized - Schoellhorn 1112).
- The malt-grain beer brewery and the Belgian way of brewing . G. Haase Sons, Prague 1845 (Schoellhorn 486).
- The graphic and tabular resolution of the sacharometric beer sample . 2nd Edition. Prague 1846 (Schoellhorn 495).
- The sacharometric beer and brandy mash tasting . JG Calve, Prague 1846 ( techlib.cz - Schoellhorn 496).
- The graphic and tabular resolution of the sacharometric beer sample . 3. Edition. JG Calve, Prague 1848 ( techlib.cz - Schoellhorn 504).
- Iron production in Bohemia . 1849 ( digitized version ).
- Instructions for taking the saccharometric beer sample . Prague 1850 (Schoellhorn 511).
- The fermentation chemistry . 2 volumes (1853 and 1854). 2nd Edition. F. Tempsky, Prague (Schoellhorn 1116).
- The grain stone (zeilithoid) and its application for beer production by cold means . 2nd Edition. G. Haase Sons, Prague 1852 ( digitized - Schoellhorn 520).
- The grain stone (zeilithoid) and its application for beer production by cold means . 3. Edition. JG Heubner, Vienna 1853 (Schoellhorn 527).
- The fermentation chemistry . 4 volumes. 3. Edition. F. Tempsky, Prague 1865 (Schoellhorn 1117).
- The brewery . 2 volumes. 3. Edition. F. Tempsky, Prague 1865 (actually 2 volumes of fermentation chemistry).
literature
- Carl Jelinek: The Estates Polytechnic Institute in Prague . 1856.
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Balling, Karl Joseph Napoleon . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 1st part. University book printer L. C. Zamarski (formerly JP Sollinger), Vienna 1856, p. 135 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Johann Christian Poggendorf: Biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact sciences . 7a, 1; 3.
- Alphons Oppenheim: Balling, Karl Josef Napoleon . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 23.
- F. Perschl-Stark: The German Technical University in Prague . 1906.
- Anton Balling : Duplicated manuscript: 200 years of family history, compiled in 1907 in Zuckmantel in Silesia with additions from 1918, Roman town in Moravia.
- Josef Gicklhorn: Balling, Karl Josef Napoleon. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 562 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Balling, Karl Josef Napoleon. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957, p. 47.
- Christoph Stölzl : The Bach era in Bohemia - socio-historical studies on neo-absolutism 1848–1851 . Munich 1971.
- Biographical lexicon on the history of the Bohemian countries , edited by Heribert Sturm on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . Munich 1979, Volume I, p. 44.
- Helene Bruscha: The Neumann house in Krumau and the Balling, Ebenhöch , Neumann, Reising von Reisinger, Haslinger and Rosenauer families . In: Archive for Family History Research - Journal for Family Researchers , Volume 9, Issue 1, 2005. CA Starke Verlag Limburg an der Lahn, Balling p. 34.
- Gabriela Basarová: Carl Joseph Napoleon Balling - professor at the Technical University in Prague 1805–1868 . In: Society for the History of Brewing e. V .: Yearbook 2005. Berlin 2005, pp. 27–45.
Web links
- Literature and other media by and about Karl Josef Napoleon Balling in the catalog of the National Library of the Czech Republic
- Balling, Karel Josef Napoleon in the CESA project
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Balling, Karl Josef Napoleon |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Balling, Carl Joseph Napoleon; Balling, Karel |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bohemian chemist and mining specialist |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 21, 1805 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Gabriela huts near Rothenhaus, Komotau district in western Bohemia |
DATE OF DEATH | March 17, 1868 |
Place of death | Prague |