Zbiroh

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Zbiroh
Coat of arms of Zbiroh
Zbiroh (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Bohemia
Region : Plzeňský kraj
District : Rokycany
Area : 3194 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 52 '  N , 13 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '32 "  N , 13 ° 46' 8"  E
Height: 414  m nm
Residents : 2,500 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 338 08 - 338 10
License plate : P
traffic
Railway connection: Prague – Plzeň
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Jiří Pražský (as of 2007)
Address: Masarykovo náměstí 112
338 08 Zbiroh
Municipality number: 560260
Website : www.zbiroh.cz
Location of Zbiroh in the Rokycany district
map

Zbiroh (also Sbirow, Sbyrow, castrum Sbyroh, Swiroho, Sbyeroh, Zbirow, Zbirov ) is a town in the Pilsen region in the Czech Republic .

location

The city extends at an altitude of 452 m above sea level. M. on the eastern slope of the Schlossberg (546 m above sea level). The border of the UNESCO biosphere reserve Křivoklátsko runs through the town. The Zbiroh stream meanders from the Cekovský pond along the slope towards Berounka .

history

The original settlement was probably located in the forest above the Franzburg, which disappeared in the 14th century and of which only a few remains of the wall are left. In 1330, the Sbyrow fortress is mentioned for the first time in documents of the Plasy Monastery , which was located near the Čapský pond and belonged to the noble Sulislavec Chřen de Sbirova. In 1238 the village belonged to the Lords of Drslawitz. Břetislav's son, District Judge Děpolt, provided the castle with solid walls and bastions. His descendants then call themselves the Lords of Riesenburg . At the end of the 13th century the castle belonged to the Zajic von Waldeck family . After 1327 the Bohemian kings from the Luxembourger family, Johann von Luxemburg and Emperor Charles IV, followed as owners . In 1366 the lands passed into the hands of the Rosenbergs .

The Hussite Wars passed the castle without major damage. In 1422 Ulrich II von Rosenberg leased the area to Zdeniek von Rožmitál, who administered it as a burgrave. In 1433 Ulrich sold the castle to King Sigismund , who immediately left it to his creditors Cappleri de Sulewicz and Václav Hájek von Hodětín. After the debt was repaid, the lands came into the hands of the Kolowrat family .

They built a chapel in which on August 29, 1469 the ban on the Bohemian King George of Podebrady was proclaimed. Through his participation in battles he got into debt so much that he had to sell the castle to his brothers-in-law Jaroslav and Zdeslav von Sternberg . At the beginning of the 16th century, the lords of Lobkowitz followed , who ruled here for another hundred years. There was a great boom in the city, especially under the reign of Ladislaus von Lobkowitz, a high official in the royal chamber. In 1594 he took part in the planned uprising against Rudolf II. The conspiracy was exposed and the participants were severely punished. Ladislaus was able to emigrate and Zbiroh fell to the crown.

After the Battle of White Mountain , numerous participants in the uprising were imprisoned here, including Wilhelm von Lobkowicz. The Thirty Years' War that followed caused as much damage as in large parts of the country. In 1634 the Swedes burned the city down. The castle was captured and destroyed in 1639.

In the period after the war (1671–1691), hardship and tyranny prevailed under Captain Sigismund (Sigmund) Ignác de Bois. The castle fell into disrepair, the owner got into debt and in 1700 the castle was pledged to František Přehořovský z Kasejovic, in 1710 Adam von Liechtenstein came, who owned it until 1723. Later the town came under the administration of Pibrans , who were mainly interested in wood from local forests for their mines.

In 1868 the estate belonged to the bankers Simundt and Kirchmayer, who, however, sold it to the Prussian entrepreneur Bethel Henry Strousberg for 10 million guilders in the same year . In 1870 he expanded the castle into a splendid seat and wanted to build a steel mill in the village. His plans came to an abrupt end when there was a stock market crash in Vienna in 1873 . His plans came to an end two years later when his property was confiscated and auctioned.

In 1879 Prince Josef Franz de Paula Hieronymus von Colloredo -Waldsee-Mels acquired the land. This family lived in the castle from 1913 until the beginning of the Second World War . After the occupation of the rest of Czech Republic during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , German military units lived here. In 1945 the castle was confiscated by the Czechoslovak state and returned to the family in 1990. This sold the castle back to the Czech state.

railway station

Life in the village itself was always closely linked to what was happening in the castle and palace. In 1369 it was raised to the status of a market town, with the right to brew beer, organize markets, and other rights. In 1897 Emperor Franz Josef I. named Zbiroh a city.

The people lived mostly from agriculture and forestry as well as from the local ironworks. In 1421 the Hussites under Jan Žižka plundered the city. In 1634 armies of the Swedish general Johan Banér burned down the entire city, and the old Rosenberg library also fell victim to the fire. The first school was mentioned in 1652, teaching took place in the parish, a wooden school building was not built until 1667 and a stone building in 1734.

In 1801 the construction of the Franz blast furnace began, named after the Emperor Franz II. This furnace was in operation until 1875. In 1850 a district court was set up after the inheritance had ended , and in 1855 a district office with its own jurisdiction and freedom of political decision-making. In 1896 it joined the political district of Rokitzan .

In the second half of the 19th century, numerous associations and smaller businesses were founded.

Personalities

  • Benignus Sychrovský (1675–1737), Provincial of the Augustinians, involved in the canonization of John of Nepomuk
  • Jiří Lhotský (1709–1758), professor at the Jesuit College in the subjects of moral theology, canon law and biblical interpretation
  • Josef Václav Sládek (1845–1912) poet and translator, editor of Lumír magazine , poet
  • Antonín Jaroslav Klose (1861–1906), poet and lyric poet
  • Josef Merhaut (1863–1907), editor and writer, theater critic
  • Hans Berckemeyer (1873–1957), lawyer in mining
  • Karel Vokáč (1903–1944), teacher, poet of meditative poetry, resistance fighter, executed in Prague in 1944
  • Jiří Mucha (1915–1991), journalist and writer
  • Antonín Lego (1801–1878), educator and composer

Attractions

Zbiroh Castle

Districts

  • Chotětín
  • Jablečno
  • Přísednice
  • Třebnuška

Web links

Commons : Zbiroh  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • History of the municipality on the official website (Czech)

Individual evidence

  1. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)