Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello

Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello

Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello (born July 25, 1804 in Turin ; † December 14, 1880 there ) was an Italian lawyer, educator and statesman.

Life

Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello attended the Collegio del Carmine in Turin, then devoted himself at the city's University from 1820 to 1824 the study of jurisprudence and entered 1826 in a judicial career. It was in 1829 substitute the arms lawyer in Chambery , 1832 fiscal in Pallanza , 1834 Deputy Advocate General in Turin, was also active as a journalist since that time and worked in 1837 with his friend Camillo Cavour in statistical Commission. He founded children's institutions in Turin and did great work to improve popular education. He dealt with this subject in the work Saggi di lezioni per l'infanzia (Turin 1851).

In 1845 Bon Compagni became a senator in the Senate of Piedmont. He was the author of the royal patent dated August 1, 1845 on the organization of elementary schools. At the end of 1847 he became general secretary in the Ministry of Education under Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno . His activities and his writings on elementary schools prompted King Karl Albert to appoint him - after the constitution was published - on March 16, 1848, as Minister of Education in the Balbo cabinet , which he held until July 27, 1848. On August 27, 1848, he was again Minister of Education in the cabinet of Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno and remained so in the subsequent cabinet of Ettore Perrone di San Martino . In this capacity he made the schools independent of the municipalities by the School Act of October 4, 1848, introduced the higher education council and the provincial school councils, replaced the Jesuit colleges with the national colleges and placed the supervision of the education system in the hands of the state authorities. When he was unable to enforce the rejection of the petition addressed to the Chamber by the students on December 3, 1848 to lift the ban on participation in political associations, he and his colleagues resigned.

After the peace of Milan on August 6, 1849, about which Bon Compagni had negotiated with Austria together with Giuseppe Dabormida , he entered parliament and supported the cabinet there, namely in deliberating the press law in December 1851. From May 21 to November 4, 1852 he was Minister of Education and Justice in the D'Azeglio II cabinet and enforced a law introducing civil marriage in the Chamber, which he defended against criticism from the Vatican, but which was rejected by the Senate. After the resignation of Prime Minister Massimo d'Azeglio , he went to the Cavour I cabinet on November 5, 1852 , where he remained Minister for Justice and Church Affairs until October 27, 1853. As the successor to Urbano Rattazzi , he was President of the Chamber of Deputies from November 16, 1853 to June 16, 1856.

In January 1857 Bon Compagni was appointed envoy in Florence and tried to persuade Grand Duke Leopold II of Tuscany to undertake liberal reforms. On April 27, 1859, he explained to the Grand Duke that all reforms would come too late because the revolution had already broken out, but he assured him that he would leave Florence freely. After he refused to join the provisional government of Tuscany and Victor Emmanuel II had accepted the role of protector of Tuscany, he took over from the latter the position of extraordinary royal commissioner general during the war of independence, in which position he was on May 11, 1859 Government formed. Dismissed after the preliminary peace of Villafranca , he returned in November 1859, after Prince Eugene of Savoy-Carignan had received the reign in Emilia and Tuscany, as his deputy with the title of Governor General of the Federation of Central Italian Provinces. He held this post until March 2, 1860, then abdicated shortly before the annexation of Tuscany to the Kingdom of Sardinia and retired into private life.

Victor Emmanuel II. Summoned, however, Bon Compagni soon at the head of a commission for the reorganization of the school system and then, as the author of the now after the annexation of the Papal States published book Sulla Potenza temporal del Papa in October 1870 at the head of a commission to advise the guarantees the spiritual rule of the Pope. In connection with this assignment, he worked out the draft law on the relationship between church and state, after which he withdrew into private life. In 1874 he was appointed Senator of the Kingdom of Italy by Victor Emanuel II and a few months before his death by King Umberto I , whose Preceptor he had been, Count of Lamporo , title of his mother's family, which is also the title of the children of his only ones Daughter from second marriage, Ester, were allowed to lead. In 1875 he became a member of the Accademia dei Lincei . He died in Turin on December 14, 1880 at the age of 76.

Fonts

• Introduzione alla scienza del diritto , Turin 1848
• Saggi di lezioni per l'infanzia , Turin 1851
• Storia della letteratura cristiana degli undici primi secoli
• Napoli ed il regno italiano , Turin. 1860
• Sulla potenza temporale del Papa , Turin 1861
• L'unità d'Italia e l'elezioni , Turin 1861
• Il ministero Rattazzi ed il parliamento , Turin 1862
• La traduzione liberale piemontese , Turin 1867
• Francia e Italia , Turin 1873

literature

• Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 3, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 189.
• Francesco Traniello:  Bon Compagni di Mombello, Carlo. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 11:  Boccadibue-Bonetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1969.

Web links

• Entry in the Senatori dell'Italia liberale database of the Historical Archives of the Italian Senate
• Entry in the Portale storico of the Camera dei deputati