Cela (Alcobaça)
| Cela | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| Region : | Centro | ||||
| Sub-region : | Oeste | ||||
| District : | Leiria | ||||
| Concelho : | Alcobaça | ||||
| Coordinates : | 39 ° 33 ' N , 9 ° 3' W | ||||
| Residents: | 3264 (as of June 30, 2011) | ||||
| Surface: | 25.83 km² (as of January 1, 2010) | ||||
| Population density : | 126 inhabitants per km² | ||||
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Cela is a Portuguese city in the Alcobaça district in the Leiria district , in the former province of Estremadura . It borders the Nazaré district to the west . It has 3264 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011) and is 25.8 km². It regained its modern town charter (as Vila ) in 2001. Under the name Cela Nova, it belonged to the 13 old towns of the Coutos de Alcobaça , the former domain of the Abbey of Alcobaça . The historic urban area was formed together with the neighboring municipality of Bárrio and covered with it an area of 41.1 km². Cela means cell or hermitage, so that the name of the city suggests monk's clauses that originally existed there. In the medieval Latin text of the charter of 1276, the place is given as Cella Noua , which also speaks for the meaning cell. According to old accounts, there was a small monk's cell in Cela Nova, where an emissary from the abbey collected the taxes owed by the residents there.
history
Cela consists of the Cela Nova (New Cela) located on a ridge about 100 meters high and the Cela Velha (Alt-Cela) located on the western side at the foot of this ridge that slopes sharply there. There is a flat land zone almost at sea level, which in turn is delimited from the Atlantic by another mountain range in the west that forms the coastline. The Pederneira lagoon , on which Cela Velha was located, was located here until the 17th century . The license issued by the Alcobaça Abbey in 1286 lists the settlements under the name Cela Nova, so that the distinction between Cela Nova and Velha must go back to the early days of the foundation of the abbey. During the general reform of the Coutos by King Manuel I in 1514, Cela Nova received a new city statute with rights of self-government and a lower jurisdiction , but remained tributary to the abbey. Cela Nova was also subject to the jurisdiction of the abbey, which was symbolized by a stake ( Pelourinho ) set up in Cela Nova in front of the parish church . The parish church of Cela Nova, Igreja de Santo André , was rebuilt at the behest of King Manuel on the occasion of the granting of the new city status, as the old church from the 13th century had already fallen into disrepair. The church was completely restored in 1909. Next to the church is the town hall, now a building from the 19th century, probably built on the site of the old town hall of the historic city. The city had another chapel built in 1585, dedicated to the Holy Spirit, to which a hospital and an inn was attached ( Casa da Misericórdia ). The activities of these institutions can be traced back to the end of the 18th century.
Quinta da Cela Velha
The importance of Cela Velha, for example as the early predecessor of Cela Nova, is obscure. On the hillside sloping towards Cela Velha is the Quinta da Cela Velha, one of the oldest still verifiable original properties of the monastery ( granjas ), which has a lease from 1431 and which has been managed by a family Andrade and Gamboa since 1571. The Quinta de Humberto Delgado (see below) is part of this old estate. In the old buildings of this courtyard there is a chapel of St. Bernard ( Capella do S. Bento ). This chapel was renovated in the first half of the 18th century, according to the chroniclers of the Alcobaça Abbey it is said to be a chapel from the 8th or 7th century. That would make it an early Christian monument and one of the oldest Christian churches in the country alongside the church of São Gião in the neighboring parish of Famalicão, which is only a few kilometers away . Archaeological research has not yet been carried out.
Monument Humberto Delgado, General Without Fear
In Cela Velha there is also the monument in honor of General Humberto Delgado , who lived in Cela Velha in his courtyard ( Quinta de Humberto Delgado ), which is now named after him . In 1958, at the time of Salazar's dictatorship, he stood against the candidate supported by Salazar as a candidate for the opposition (Salazar had only held the post of prime minister since he first took office). During the election campaign, he announced that if he won, Salazar would be dismissed as prime minister. As expected, he lost the election, was dismissed as a general and then went into exile. There he became a leading figure in the opposition to Salazar. In February 1965 he and his secretary were probably murdered in Spain near the Portuguese border on behalf of the PIDE , the Portuguese secret state police . He went down in the history of Portugal as the general without fear (O general sem medo), a designation that also appears on the two-part monument erected in 1976 and dedicated to him. In 2005, when a new motorway was cut through Cela Velha, the route was lowered and tunnelled over a length of approx. 200 meters, in order not to impair the visual axis of the two parts of the monument. After the Carnation Revolution of 1974, the general's remains were reburied in the National Pantheon in Lisbon .
present
With the state dissolution of the monasteries in 1834, the abbey's rule over Cela ended. The city of Cela Nova initially remained an independent district and then became part of the Alcobaça district. Today the inhabitants of Cela live mainly from agriculture , especially fruit growing. In the district of Cela Nova there is a state health center for the sub-region.
literature
- Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Por Terras dos Antigos Coutos de Alcobaça , Alcobaça 1994
Web links
- Map of the Freguesia Cela at the Instituto Geográfico do Exército
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
- ↑ Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
- ↑ Saul António Gomes, To Manuscrito ilumindado alcobacense trecentista: o Caderno dos Forais do Couto, PDF
- ↑ On the origin of the name Cela (port.), Http://cela-nova.blogs.sapo.pt
- ↑ Pelourinho de Cela. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ^ Capela de São Bento. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
