Frontal lobed bulldog bat

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Frontal lobed bulldog bat
Frontal lobed bulldog bat skull

Frontal lobed bulldog bat skull

Systematics
Superordinate : Laurasiatheria
Order : Bats (chiroptera)
Superfamily : Smooth-nosed (Vespertilionoidea)
Family : Bulldog bats (Molossidae)
Genre : Free- tailed bats ( Chaerephon )
Type : Frontal lobed bulldog bat
Scientific name
Chaerephon major
( Trouessart , 1897)

The front-lobed bulldog bat , also known as the ear-lobed bulldog bat ( Chaerephon major , synonyms : Tadarida major and Nyctinomus pumilus major ), is a species of bat of the cantilever bat genus that occurs in sub-Saharan Africa .

description

The frontal lobed bulldog bat is a medium-sized bat that weighs around 15 g. The forearm length is about 39 - 50 mm. The body length including the tail is on average about 100 mm. The back is uniformly colored from dark brown to reddish brown, as is the belly side. The ventral side is divided in two by a white to cream-colored light stripe. The flight membranes are light brown, the body fur at the base of the wings is white to cream-colored. In contrast to the flight skins, the tail fly skin is strikingly dark brown in color. The upper lips are wrinkled, the ears have grown together. The tail protruding from the tail membrane is characteristic of the genus of the cantilever bats. There is a morphological difference between the sexes : the males have a flap of skin between their ears that can be raised to put an 8 mm long hair comb on their heads. These hairs are missing in females.

Systematics & distribution

The frontal lobed bulldog bat occurs in West Africa from Senegal , Benin , Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast via Nigeria to the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The eastern distribution area extends from Sudan to Zambia and Zimbabwe . So far it is not known whether the two-part distribution area can be traced back to gaps in the recording of the species or whether the areas are disjoint . No subspecies are distinguished.

Some authors combine the genera of the free- tailed bats and the folding-lipped bats ( Tadarida ) into a single genus ( Tadarida ) or list Chaerephon as a subgenus of Tadarida . The frontal lobed bulldog bat is then listed as Tadarida major . At the moment the free-tailed bats and the fold-lipped bats are listed as separate genera. Genetic studies see the genus of the free-tailed bats together with the genus Pug as a monophyletic group .

Way of life

Specimens of the frontal lobed bulldog bat were mostly collected in the lowlands in savannah areas , often in tree savannas such as the miombo . Roosts of the species are in rock caves, tree hollows or in buildings. The colonies reach sizes from a few to over 100 animals resting together.

Etymology & Research History

The frontal lobed bulldog bat was named Nyctinomus pumilus Var by Édouard Louis Trouessart in 1897 . major first described. The type specimen was collected by Francis Galton in Sudan north of the city of Barbar . The specific epithon comes from the Latin word for "large" ("maior").

Danger

On the part of the IUCN , the species is classified as not endangered (“least concern”) due to its large distribution area and the frequency of the species.

literature

Web links

Commons : Frontal Lobed Bulldog Bat  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of Mammal Names - Dictionary of Mammal Names . 1st edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-46269-0 .
  2. ↑ Lappet-earded Free-tailed Bat In: PJ Taylor: Family Molossidae In: Don E. Wilson, & Russell A. Mittermeier (editor): Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Bats. (HMW, Volume 9) Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2019, p. 647. ISBN 978-84-16728-19-0 .
  3. ↑ a b Chaerephon major in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.2. Posted by: A. Monadjem et al., 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  4. ^ Chaerephon major in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  5. ↑ a b c Ara Monadjem et al .: Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. 2010, pp. 314-317
  6. ↑ a b c Victor Van Cakenberghe, Ernest CJ Seamark (Ed.): ACR. 2016. African Chiroptera Report 2016. African Bats . 2016, ISSN  1990-6471 , p. 374-376 .
  7. ↑ Monadjem et al .: Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. 2010, pp. 295-301
  8. ^ Chaerephon in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  9. ↑ Renato Gregorin & Andrea Cirranello: Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data . In: Cladistics . tape 32 , no. 1 , 2016, p. 2-35 , doi : 10.1111 / cla.12117 .
  10. ^ Édouard Louis Trouessart: Nyctinomus . In: Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Nova ed. (Prima completa). 1: 146, 1897 ( [1] )