Chaetomium globosum

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Chaetomium globosum
Systematics
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Sordariomycetidae
Order : Sordariales
Family : Chaetomiaceae
Genre : Chaetomium
Type : Chaetomium globosum
Scientific name
Chaetomium globosum
Kunze
Infestation after water damage

Chaetomium globosum is a cellulose-decomposing mold from the genus Chaetomium . The species is widespread and shows two different main occurrences: on the one hand inside the leaves of living plants ( endophytic ), on the other hand living freely on dead plant biomass of all kinds, e.g. in soils, in the excrement of herbivores and in dead wood. As a ubiquistic species, it can also be found indoors. It occurs indoors after water damage, in archives and as a mold rot in wood (especially wood with high humidity). Chaetomium globosum is a common allergen .

biology

Chaetomium globosum grows optimally at temperatures between 18 and 24 ° C and a pH value of 7.3. After cultural experiments, he has the enzyme equipment to break down a number of plant polysaccharides , for example glucose , cellulose and xylan . There are contradicting data on the breakdown of pectin , an important component of the middle lamella of the cell tissue of living leaves. Cellulase activity is tested for biotechnological use. Endophytic it has been proven in a large number of plants, such as numerous tree and shrub species, important cultivated plants such as wheat, but also marine red algae. It grows here in the extracellular matrix. According to all previous knowledge, the fungus does no harm to its host organism. On the contrary, it appears that the plant benefits from the presence of the fungus because its secondary metabolites provide protection against a range of herbivorous pests. The species is therefore being tested for use in biological pest control. The main aim is to use it against sucking species such as aphids , against which the widespread use of the Bt toxin has no effect.

The fungus forms mycotoxins , such as. B. Emodin , various cytochalasans , the antibiotic active Chaetomin and Chaetomugilin .

The free-living, saprotrophic and endophytic strains of the fungus have been compared morphologically, genetically and according to their enzymatic endowment, so there is no difference between them. In contrast to the endophytic fungi of the genus Neotyphodium , which are also found in grass leaves and are also important for resistance to herbivores, Chaetomium globosum is not transmitted through the seeds (vertically), but through re-infection from the environment (horizontally) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b MR Fogle, DR Douglas, CA Jumper, DC Straus: Growth and mycotoxin production by Chaetomium globosum is favored in a neutral pH. In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences . Volume 9, number 12, December 2008, pp. 2357-2365, doi: 10.3390 / ijms9122357 , PMID 19330080 , PMC 2635641 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Narayan Parameswaran, Walter Liese: Wall structures of the perithecium hair hyphae of Chaetomium globosum . In: Archives for Microbiology . tape 86 , no. 3 , June 1972, p. 225 , doi : 10.1007 / bf00425235 .
  3. ↑ a b schimmel-schimmelpilze.de: Chaetomium globosum
  4. ↑ Guido Fischer: Allergens from mold fungi - current state of knowledge and importance for indoor hygiene ( memento of the original from February 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gesundheitsamt-bw.de
  5. ↑ a b c Naveed A. Syed, David J. Midgley, Pearl KC Ly, Jennifer A. Saleeba and Peter A. McGee (2009): Do plant endophytic and free-living Chaetomium species differ? Australasian Mycologist 28: 51-55.
  6. ↑ P. Longoni, M. Rodolfi, L. Pantaleoni, E. Doria, L. Concia, AM Picco, R. Cella: Functional Analysis of the Degradation of Cellulosic Substrates by a Chaetomium globosum Endophytic Isolate . In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology . tape 78 , no. 10 , April 24, 2012, p. 3693 , doi : 10.1128 / AEM.00124-12 (English).
  7. ↑ Hongsheng Yu, Lei Zhang, Lin Li, Chengjian Zheng, Lei Guo, Wenchao Li, Peixin Sun, Luping Qin: Recent developments and future prospects of antimicrobial metabolites produced by endophytes . In: Microbiological Research . tape 165 , no. 6 , August 2010, p. 437 , doi : 10.1016 / j.micres.2009.11.009 (English).
  8. ↑ G. Qi, N. Lan, X. Ma, Z. Yu, X. Zhao: Controlling Myzus persicae with recombinant endophytic fungi Chaetomium globosum expressing Pinellia ternata agglutinin . In: Journal of Applied Microbiology . tape 110 , no. 5 , May 2011, p. 1314 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2672.2011.04985.x (English).
  9. ↑ Jian-Chun Qin, Ya-Mei Zhang, Jin-Ming Gao, Ming-Sheng Bai, Sheng-Xiang Yang, Hartmut Laatsch, An-Ling Zhang: Bioactive metabolites produced by Chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus isolated from Ginkgo biloba . In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters . tape 19 , no. 6 , March 2009, p. 1572 , doi : 10.1016 / j.bmcl.2009.02.025 (English).